Muscular System pt 2

Question 1

Why do muscles contract?

Answer 1

Offer stability to joints and connective tissue, maintain body temperature, maintain posture.

Question 2

Define concentric

Answer 2

Concentric contraction occurs when a muscle shortens while generating force, typically during the lifting phase of a movement.

Question 3

Define eccentric

Answer 3

Eccentric contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens while generating force, often during the lowering phase of a movement.

Question 4

Define isometric

Answer 4

Isometric contraction occurs when a muscle is actively held at a set length, such as holding a position.

Question 5

Define passive stretch

Answer 5

Muscle is passively lengthened, no additional weight that hamstring needs to hold/lift, but still stretches from movement. e.g. lean down to touch toes

Question 6

Define isotonic

Answer 6

Muscle produces tension while changing length, fixed resistance and variable speed e.g. concentric, eccentric

Question 7

Define antagonist

Answer 7

Opposing muscle to agonists, usually contracting as a means of returning the limb to its original resting position. e.g. biceps brachii

Question 8

Define agonist

Answer 8

Muscle that contracts to produce movement, referred to as prime movers, they contract while another muscle relaxes. e.g. triceps brachii

Question 9

Define synergist

Answer 9

This type of muscle acts around a moveable joint to produce motion similar to or in concert with with agonist muscles. e.g. brachioradialis and brachialis

Question 10

Relationship between agonist and antagonist

Answer 10

One muscle contracts to move a body part; the other contracts to return it to the original position.

Question 11

ANATOMICAL TERMS: flexion

Answer 11

Decrease in the angle of the joint. e.g. bending of the elbow or knee

Question 12

ANATOMICAL TERMS: extension

Answer 12

Increase in the angle of the joint. e.g. straightening the elbow or knee

Question 13

ANATOMICAL TERMS: abduction

Answer 13

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. e.g. lifting arm out to side (out phase of a star jump)

Question 14

ANATOMICAL TERMS: adduction

Answer 14

Movement of a body part back towards the midline of the body. e.g. returning arm into body (in phase of a star jump)

Question 15

ANATOMICAL TERMS: circumduction

Answer 15

Movement of the end of the bone in a circular motion. e.g. drawing a circle in the air with a straight arm

Question 16

ANATOMICAL TERM: rotation

Answer 16

Movement of a body part around a central axis. e.g. turning head from side to side

Question 17

ANATOMICAL TERM: pronation

Answer 17

Pronation involves placing the palms into the prone (face-down) position. e.g. like someone would do when looking at the backs of their hands

Question 18

ANATOMICAL TERM: supination

Answer 18

The motion of supination turns the palms anteriorly or superiorly to the supine (face-up) position. e.g. like someone would do when looking at their palm

Question 19

ANATOMICAL TERM: eversion

Answer 19

Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane. e.g. spraining your ankle by rolling it in

Question 20

ANATOMICAL TERM: inversion

Answer 20

Inversion is the movement of the sole towards the median plane. e.g. spraining your ankle by rolling it out

Question 21

ANATOMICAL TERM: dorsi flexion

Answer 21

The backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot. e.g. lifting toes towards the sky

Question 22

ANATOMICAL TERM: plantar flexion

Answer 22

The movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body. e.g. Pushing the accelerator on your car.
Standing on your toes in ballet

Question 23

ANATOMICAL TERM: elevation

Answer 23

Movement in a superior direction. e.g. shrugging is an example of elevation of the scapula

Question 24

ANATOMICAL TERM: depression

Answer 24

Depression is movement in an inferior direction, the opposite of elevation. e.g. opening mouth