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Joints Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

3 types of joints

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

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2
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable Joint

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3
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable joint

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4
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable joint

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5
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Formed by mass of connective tissue between neighbouring bones

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6
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Mass of cartilage between neighbouring bones

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7
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Lubricated synovial cavity encapsulates joints

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8
Q

Ligaments

A

Dense regular or dense irregular connective tissue binding bone to bone

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9
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Neighbouring bones held together by solid mass of dense irregular connective tissue

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10
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Interosseous Membrane

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11
Q

Sutures

A

Thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue called a sutural ligament

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12
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Greater distance between articulating surfaces and more connective tissue than a suture

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13
Q

Gomphosis

A

Cone shaped peg fits in a socket- teeth and roots

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14
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Sheet of dense irregular connective tissue joins neighbouring log bones

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15
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Solid connective tissue allows little or no movement between bones

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16
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses

Symphyses

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17
Q

Synchondroses

A

Immovable joint where connective tissue is hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

Symphyses

A

Ends of articulating bones are covered in hyaline cartilage but connected by a fibrocartilage disc- only occur on midline of body

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19
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Synovial cavity surrounded by connective tissue capsule

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20
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage covering bones in synovial capsule

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21
Q

Articular capsule

A

Surrounds synovial joints and unites bones

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22
Q

2 layers of articular capsule

A

Fibrous Membrane

Synovial Membrane

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23
Q

Fibrous Membrane

A

Dense irregular connective tissue connects to periosteum of articulating bones

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24
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Inner membrane composed of synovial cells on surface and areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers beneath

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25
Articular Fat Pads
Synovial membrane with accumulated adipose tissue
26
Synovial fluid
thin film over surfaces in articular capsule
27
2 components of synovial fluid
Hyaluronic Acid | Interstitial Fluid
28
Extrascapular Ligaments
Outside articular capsule
29
Intrascapular Ligaments
Inside articular capsule
30
Articular Discs
Fibrocatilage not covered by synovial membrane divide synovial cavity into two smaller cavities so different movements can occur
31
Menisci
Incomplete articular discs partially divide joint and bind to the fibrous membrane
32
Labrum
Fibrocartilaginous lip extends from socket to increase surface area between ball and socket
33
Bursae
Sac like structures that resemble joint capsules alleviate friction
34
Tendon Sheaths
Tubelike bursae wrap around tendons experiencing friction
35
Gliding
Nearly flat bone surfaces slide back and forth and side to side
36
Angular Movements
Increase or decrease angle between articulating bones
37
Flexion
Decrease angle between bones
38
Extension
Increase angle between bones to move back into anatomical position
39
Lateral Flexion
Bending of trunk along frontal plane
40
Hyperextension
Continuation of extension beyond anatomical posiiton
41
Abduction
Movement of bone away from midline
42
Adduction
Movement of bone toward midline
43
Circumduction
Sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction to move distal end of body part in a circle
44
Rotation
Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
45
Elevation
Superior movement
46
Depression
Inferior movement
47
Protraction
Anterior movement along transverse plane
48
Retraction
Movement of protracted body part back to anatomical position
49
Inversion
Rolling ankle medially
50
Eversion
Rolling ankle laterally
51
Dorsiflexion
Flexing foot
52
Plantar flexion
Pointing foot
53
Supination
Movement of forearm to move palm anteriorly
54
Pronation
Movement of forearm to move palm posteriorly
55
Opposition
Thumb touches finger tips of same hand
56
Plane Joints
Articulating surfaces are flat allowing back and forth/ side to side movement
57
Hinge Joints
Convex surface fits into another concave surface. Uniaxial- flexion/ extension
58
Pivot joints
Rounded surface articulates with ring of bone and ligament. Uniaxial
59
Condyloid Joints
Convex projection fits into depression. Biaxial- Flexion/ extension, abduction/adduction
60
Saddle Joints
Saddle shaped surface fits into saddle. Same movement as condyloid
61
Ball and socket joint
Triaxial- flexion/ extension, abduction/adduction, rotation
62
6 factors affecting range of motion
``` Structure of articulating bones Strength and tension of ligaments Arrabgement/ tension of muscles Contact of soft parts Hormones Disuse ```
63
Temporomandibular Joint
Hinge and plane joint formed by condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa
64
Lateral ligament of TMJ
Zygomatic process to mandible
65
Sphenomandibular Ligament
Sphenoid spine to ramus of mandible
66
Styloidmandibular Ligament
Styloid process to ramus of mandible
67
Shoulder Joint
Ball and socket joint formed by head of humerus and glenoid cavity
68
Coracohumeral ligament
Coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
69
Glenohumeral ligament
3 bands from glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle of humerus and anatomical neck
70
Transverse Humeral ligament
Narrow sheet attaching tubercles of humerus
71
Glenoid Labrum
Narrow fibrocartilage around glenoid cavity
72
How many bursae does the shoulder joint have
4
73
Elbow Joint
Hinge joint formed by trochlea and capitulum of humerus, trochlear notch of ulna and head of radius
74
Ulnar Collateral ligament
Medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna
75
Radial Collateral ligament
Lateral epicondyle of humerus to radial notch of ulna
76
Anular Ligament of radius
Holds head of radius in radial notch
77
Hip joint
Ball and socket joint formed by head of femur and acetabulum of hip bones
78
Iliofemoral Ligament
Anterior inferior iliac spine to intertrochanteric line of femur
79
Pubofemoral Ligament
Pubic rim of acetabulum to neck of femur
80
Ischiofemoral Ligament
Ischial wall of acetabulum to neck of femur
81
Ligament of head of femur
Fossa of acetabulum to fovea capitus
82
Acetabular Labrum
Fibrocartilage rim on acetabulum
83
Transverse ligament of acetabulum
Crosses acetabular notch to head of femur
84
Knee Joint
Tibiofemoral, medial tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
85
Medial/lateral patellar retinacula
Fused tendons strengthen anterior surface
86
Patellar ligament
Patella to tibial tuberosity
87
Oblique popiteal ligament
Intercondylar fossa to head of tibia
88
arcuate popiteal ligament
Lateral condyle of femur to styloid process of head of fibula
89
Tibial collateral ligament
Medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia
90
Fibular collateral ligament
Lateral condyle of femur to lateral head of fibula
91
Interscapular ligaments
Two ligaments in articular capsule join femur and tibia
92
Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)
Intercondylar area of tibia to lateral condyle of femur
93
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial condyle of femur
94
Articular discs in knee
Two menisci between tibial and femoral condyles
95
Ankle joint
Hinge joint formed by tibia, fibula and tallus
96
Deltoid ligament
Medial malleolus of tibia to talus
97
Lateral ligament
Lateral malleolus of fibula to talus

Anatomy (9 decks)

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