Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
2 components of the upper limb
A
Pectoral girdle
Free upper limb
2
Q
Pectoral girdle
A
Attach bones of the free upper limbs to the axial skeleton
3
Q
2 components of pectoral girdle
A
Clavicle
Scapula
4
Q
Free upper limb
A
arm, hand and phalanges
5
Q
Strut
A
Clavicle resists compression of the pectoral girdle by propping up the shoulder joint away from the rib cage
6
Q
Sternal End of Clavicle
A
Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
7
Q
Acromial End
A
Broad, flat lateral end of clavicle that articulates with acromion of scapula
8
Q
Acromioclavicular Joint
A
Acromial end of clavicle joins acromion of scapula
9
Q
Conoid Tubercle
A
Inferior surface of the lateral end of clavicle. Attachment for conoid ligaments
10
Q
Impression for costoclavicular ligament
A
Inferior surface of sternal end of clavicle connects first rib to clavicle
11
Q
Spine of scapula
A
Ridge runs diagonally on the posterior side
12
Q
Acromion
A
Lateral end of scapula that is a flattened and expanded process
13
Q
Glenoid Cavity
A
Shallow depression in scapula accepts head of the radius
14
Q
Glenohumeral Joint
A
Glenoid cavity of scapula and the head of the humerus
15
Q
Medial Border of scapula
A
Thin edge closer to vertebral column
16
Q
Lateral Border of scapula
A
Thick edge closer to arm
17
Q
Inferior angle of scapula
A
Medial and lateral borders join
18
Q
Superior angle of scapula
A
Superior edge and medial border join
19
Q
Scapular notch
A
Prominent indentation along superior border where suprascapular nerve passes
20
Q
Coracoid process
A
Hooky bump on lateral end of superior border of scapula where tendons attach
21
Q
Supraspinous Fossa
A
Superior to spine of scapula
22
Q
Infraspinous Fossa
A
Inferior to spine of scapula
23
Q
Subscapular Fossa
A
On anterior surface. Attachment for subscapularis muscle
24
Q
Head of humerus
A
Proximal end articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
25
Anatomical Neck
Groove bordering the tip of head of humerus. Former epiphyseal plate
26
Greater tubercle of humerus
Lateral projection distal to anatomical neck
27
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Projects anteriorly
28
Surgical neck
Distal to tubercles. Where head of humerus tapers into the shaft
29
Deltoid tubersoisty
Rough area in the middle of the shaft of humerus. Deltoid tendon attachment
30
Radial Groove
Posterior surface on top half of radius. Contains radial nerve
31
Capitulum
Lateral knob on humerus articulates with head of radius
32
Radial Fossa
Anterior depression on humerus above capitulum. Articulates with head of radius when arm is bent
33
Trochlea
Medial to capitulum on humerus. Knob that articulates with ulna
34
Coronoid Fossa
Anterior depression on humerus beside radial fossa. Recieves coronoid process of ulna when arm is flexed
35
Olecranon Fossa
Big posterior depression on humerus that recieves olecranon of ulna when arm is straight
36
Medial/Lateral epicondyles of humerus
Rough projections on distal end for tendon attachment
37
Funny Bone
Ulnar nerve over medial epicondyle in humerus
38
Ulna
Medial side of forearm. Longer than radius
39
Olecranon
Proximal end of ulna forms elbow
40
Coronoid Process
Anterior projection below large trochlear notch on ulna
41
Trochlear Notch
Anterior side of olecranon of ulna. Recieves trochlea of humerus
42
Radial Notch
Lateral and inferior to trochlear notch. Articulates with head of radius
43
Ulnar Tuberosity
Below coronoid process
44
Styloid Process
Notch on the distal end and the very bottom
45
Radius
Thumb side of forearm
46
Radial Tuberosity
Below neck of radius. Attachment for bicep tendons
47
3 bones in elbow
Ulna, Radius, Humerus
48
2 Articulations in elbow
Head of radius joins capitulum of humerus
| Trochlear notch of ulna joins trochlea of humerus
49
Interosseous Membrane
Joins shafts of ulna and radius
50
3 connections between ulna and radius
Interosseous membrane
radial notch
Ulnar notch
51
Radiocarpal Joint
Radius joins with lunate and scaphoid of wrist
52
Proximal radioulnar joint
head of radius and ulnar notch
53
Distal radioulnar joint
Head of ulna and ulnar notch
54
Carpus
Wrist containing 8 carpals joined by ligaments
55
Proximal row of carpals from lateral to medial
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
56
Distal row of carpals from lateral to medial
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
57
Mnemonic for carpal bones
Stop letting those people touch the cadavers hand
58
Flexor Retinaculum
Fibrous band of connective tissue covering carpals
59
Carpal Tunnel
Concave space formed by Pisiform/ hamate and scaphoid/ trapezium
60
Metacarpus
Palm consisting of 5 metacarpals
61
Carpometacarpal Joints
Bases of metacarpals join with distal row of carpal bones
62
Metacarpophalangeal Joints
Heads of metacarpals articulate with proximal phalanges
63
Phalanges
14- Numbered 1-5 starting with the thumb
64
What digit has 2 phalanges
thumb
65
Interphalangeal Joints
Joints between phalanges
66
How many bones are in the lower limb?
31
67
Pelvic Girdle
Coxal (Pelvic) bone
68
Pubic symphysis
Hip bones unite anteriorly
69
Sacroiliac Joints
Hip bones unite posteriorly with sacrum
70
Bony Pelvis
Hip bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum, coccyx
71
3 bones in hip bone
Ilium, pubis, ischium
72
What age do the hip bones fuse together at?
23
73
Ilium
Largest hip bone at the tp
74
Ala of ilium
Superior portion
75
Body of ilium
Inferior portion
76
Acetabulum
Socket for femur head in the ilium
77
Iliac Crest
Superior border of ilium
78
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior end to iliac crest
79
Hip pointer
Bruising of anterior superior iliac spine
80
Anterior Inferior iliac spine
Smaller spine below superior spine
81
Posterior superior/ inferior iliac spines
Posterior end to iliac crest
82
Function of iliac spines
Attachment points for muscles and ligaments
83
Greater sciatic notch
Below posterior inferior iliac spine. Passage of sciatic nerve
84
Iliac Fossa
Big depression. Attachment for iliacus tendon
85
Iliac tuberosity
Posterior to fossa. Attachment for sacroiliac ligament
86
Auricular surface of ilium
Below tuberosity. Sacroiliac joint
87
Arcuate Line
Big ridge extending down from auricular surface of ilium
88
Ischium
Inferior and posterior portion of hip
89
Body of ischium
Superior part
90
Ramus of Ischium
Inferior part that joins pubis
91
Ischial Spine
Big horn
92
Lesser Schiatic notch
Below ischial spine
93
Ischial tuberosity
Flat, roughened surface below ischial spine
94
Obturator foramen
Largest foramen in the body formed by ischium and pubis
95
Obturator Membrane
Fibrous membrane completely closes membrane
96
Pubis
Inferior anterior portion of hip
97
Pubic Crest
Anterior, superior border of pubis body
98
Pubic tubercle
Projection on lateral end of pubic crest
99
Pectineal line
Extends from pubic tubercle superiorly and joins arcuate line on ilium
100
Pubic arch
Inferior border between two hip bones
101
Acetabulur notch
Inferior side of acetabulum. Foramen for vessels and nerves
102
Pelvic brim
Rim of big middle hole when two hip bones are together
103
False pelvis
Portion of pelvis superior to pelvic brim
104
True pelvis
Portion of pelvis inferior to pelvic brim
105
Pelvic inlet
Superior opening to true pelvis
106
Pelvic outlet
Inferior opening to true pelvis
107
Sex differences between pelvis
Females have a shallower pelvis, wider pelvic brim, oval obtruator foramen and a pubic arch of greater than 90 degrees
108
What joins with the distal end of the femur
Tibia and patella
109
Angle of convergence
Femur angles inwards towards knee. Greater angle in females
110
Fovea Capitus
Central depression in head of femur. Connected by ligament to acetabulum
111
Greater/ Lesser trochanter
Big knobs at the top of femur attach tendons
112
Intertrochanteric Line
Ridge joins trochanters anteriorly on femur
113
Intertrochanteric Crest
Ridge joins trochanters posteriorly on femur
114
Gluteal Tuberosity
Vertical ridge on posterior shaft just below trochanters on femur
115
Linea Aspera
Long ridge on shaft of femur blends with gluteal tuberosity
116
Medial/ Lateral condyle
Posterior notches join with condyles of tibia
117
Medial/ Lateral epicondyles
Superior to condyles. Raised surfaces for ligaments
118
Intercondylar Fossa
Depression between condyles on posterior side
119
Patellar surface
Indented area between condyles on anterior side
120
Adductor Tubercle
Superior to medial epicondyle. Rough projection for muscle attachment
121
Patella
Sesamoid knee bone
122
Base of patella
Broad, prosimal end
123
Apex of patella
Pointed, distal end
124
Articular facets of patella
Two posterior facets for medial and lateral condyles of femur
125
Patellofemoral Joint
Posterior surface of patella joins patellar surface of femur
126
Tibia
Medial, weight bearing leg bone
127
Tibiofemoral Joint
Lateral and medial condyles of tibia join with condyles of femur
128
Proximal Tibiofibular joint
Head of fibula joins lateral condyle of tibia
129
Intercondylar Eminence
Upwards projection between condyles of tibia
130
Tibial Tuberosity
Knotch on anterior surface attaches patellar ligament
131
Anterior border of tibia
Sharp ridge on shaft. Shin
132
Medial Malleolus
Hook projection on distal end of tibia joins with fibula
133
Fibular Notch
Medial, posterior side of tibia on distal end joins with fibula
134
Distal Tibiofibular Notch
Fibular notch of tibia and end of fibula
135
Fibula
Lateral, non- weight bearing leg bone
136
Lateral Malleolus
Distal projection joins talus of ankle
137
Tarsus
Ankle consists of 7 tarsal bones
138
Intertarsal joints
Joints between tarsal bones
139
Calcaneus
Biggest and most superior ankle bone
140
Talus
Bone beside talus
141
Order of tarsal bones (top to bottom- Lateral to medial)
Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, third cuneiform, second cuneiform, first cuneiform
142
Metatarsus
Middle of foot contains 5 metatarsal bones numbered 1-5 starting medially
143
Tarsometatarsal Joints
Bases of metatarsals join with first, second and thrid cuneiforms and cuboid of tarsus
144
Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Head of metatarsal joins proximal row of phalanges
145
Phalanges
Toes numbered 1-5 starting with big toe (hollux)
146
Which toe has only a proximal and distal phalange?
Hollux
147
Longitudinal Arch
Posterior to anterior. Has a medial and lateral part
148
Transverse Arch
Arch from medial to lateral
