Muscular System Flashcards
(314 cards)
1
Q
Origin
A
Attachment of tendon to stationary bone
2
Q
Insertion
A
Attachment of tendon to moveable bone
3
Q
Is origin proximal or distal?
A
Proximal
4
Q
Belly
A
Fleshy part of muscles between tendons
5
Q
Reverse Muscle Action
A
Some muscles are capable of reversing the direction of action. Origin and insertion are reversed
6
Q
Lever System
A
Move around a fixed point called a fulcrum
7
Q
What are two forces involved in a lever
A
Effort
Load
8
Q
Effort
A
Force exerted by muscle contraction
9
Q
Load
A
Opposes movement
10
Q
Mechanical Advantage
A
Load is closer to fulcrum so small effort is needed to move a large load for a short distance
11
Q
Mechanical Disadvantage
A
Effort is closer to load so large effort is needed to move a small load for a long distance
12
Q
First class lever
A
Fulcrum is between load and effort
13
Q
Does a first class lever have mechanical advantage or disadvantage?
A
Both
14
Q
Second class lever
A
Load is between fulcrum and effort
15
Q
Does a second class lever have mechanical advantage or disadvantage?
A
Advantage
16
Q
What type of lever produces the most force?
A
Second class
17
Q
Third class lever
A
Effort is between fulcrum and load
18
Q
Does a third class lever have mechanical advantage or disadvantage?
A
Disadvantage
19
Q
Which type of lever favours speed over force?
A
Third class
20
Q
Fascicle
A
Bundles of skeletal muscle fibers
21
Q
What does fascicle arrangement effect?
A
Power and range of motion
22
Q
What are the 7 fascicle arrangements
A
Fusiform Parallel Triangular Circular Unipennate Bipennate Multipennate
23
Q
What fiber factor effects range of motion?
A
The longer the fiber the greater the range of motion
24
Q
What fiber factor effects power?
A
Cross- sectional area
25
Prime Mover (Agonist)
Contracts to cause a movement
26
Antagonist
Stretches and yields to the effect of the prime mover
27
Synergist
Contract and stabalize the intermediate joints to prevent unwanted movement
28
Fixators
Stabalize origin of prime mover so it can contract more efficiently
29
Direction of muscle
Orientation of muscle fascicles relative to body's midline
30
Rectus
Parallel to midline
31
Transverse
Perpindicular to midline
32
Oblique
Diagonal to midline
33
Maximus
Largest
34
Minimus
Smallest
35
Longus
Long
36
Brevis
Short
37
Latissimus
Widest
38
Longissimus
Longest
39
Magnus
Large
40
Major
Larger
41
Minor
Smaller
42
Vastus
Huge
43
Deltoid
Triangular
44
Trapezius
Trapezoid
45
Serratus
Saw- Toothed
46
Rhomboid
Diamond shaped
47
Orbicularis
Circular
48
Pectinate
Comb- like
49
Piriformis
Pear shaped
50
Platys
Flat
51
Quadratus
Square shaped
52
Gracilis
Slender
53
Flexor
Decreases joint angle
54
Extensor
Increases joint angle
55
Abductor
Moves bone away from midline
56
Adductor
Moves bone closer to midline
57
Sphincter
Decreases size of opening
58
Biceps
Two origins
59
Triceps
Three origins
60
Quadriceps
Four origins
61
Orbicularis Oculi
Circle around eye that closes eyes
O: medial wall of orbit
I: circular path around orbit
62
Two parts of occipitofrontalis
Frontal Belly
| Occipital Belly
63
Frontal belly
Forehead. Raises eyebrows
O: Epicranial aponeurosis
I: Skin above supraorbital margin
64
Occipital Belly
Back of head. Draws scalp posteriorly
O: Occipital bone and mastoid process
I: Epicranial aponeurosis
65
Epicranial Aponeurosis
Covers superior and lateral sides of the head
66
Buccinator
Sucks cheeks in and draws corner of mouth laterally.
O: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
I: Fibers of orbicularis oris
67
Zygomaticus Major
Inferior to minor. Smiling
O: Zygomatic
I: Skin at angle of mouth
68
Zygomaticus Minor
Superior to major. Raise upper lip
O: Zygomatic
I: Upper lip
69
Levator Labii Superioris
Right beside nose. Raises upper lip
O: Maxilla
I: Skin at angle of mouth
70
Depressor Anguli Oris
Chin. Opens mouth
O:Mandible
I: Angle of mouth
71
Corrugator Supercili
Angle up across eyebrow. Eyebrows down
O: Frontal bone
I: Skin of eyebrow
72
Nasalis
Bridge of nose
73
Masseter
Elevates mandible.
O: Maxilla and zygomatic arch
I: Angle of mandible
74
Risorius
Draws angle of mouth laterally
O: Fascia over partoid gland
I: Skin at angle of the mouth
75
Platysma
Pouting
O: Fascia over deltoid muscles
I: Mandible
76
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
Muscles that move the eyeballs
77
Where do extrinsic eye muscles insert and originate?
Originate on the orbit and insert on the sclera
78
Sclera
White of the eye
79
3 pairs of extrinsic muscles controlling eye movement?
Superior and inferior recti
Lateral and medial recti
Superior and inferior obliques
80
Where do the 4 recti eye muscles originate?
Tendinous ring in posterior orbit
81
Superior and Inferior Recti movements
Move the eyeball superiorly and inferiorly
82
Lateral and medial recti movements
Move the eyeball laterally and medially
83
Superior oblique eye muscle
Originates posteriorly. Ends in a round tendon that passes through trochlea. Inserts on on side of eyeball.
Moves eye inferiorly and laterally
84
Trochlea
Pulley like loop on the top of the orbit
85
Inferior oblique eye muscle
O: Maxilla
I: Lateral part of eyeball inferior to superior oblique
Moves eye superiorly and laterally
86
Levator palpebrae superioris
Cut off the top of superior oblique. Raises upper eyelid
87
What is the antagonist to orbicularis occuli?
Levator palpebrae superioris
88
Muscles of mastication
Muscle moving the mandible at TMJ used in chewing
89
How many pairs of muscles are used in mastication?
4
90
What are the three muscles used to close the jaw?
Masseter
Temposralis
Medial pterygoid
91
Medial Pterygoid
Side of jaw inferior to lateral pterygoid.
O: Pterygoid process
I: Angle of ramus of mandible
92
Which muscle moves the jaw side to side
Medial and lateral Pterygoid
93
Lateral Pterygoid
Side of jaw superior to medial pterygoid
O: Pterygoid process
I: Condyle of mandible
94
Temporalis
Elevates and retracts mandible. Side of temple
O: Temporal bone
I: Coronoid process of mandible
95
Deglutition
Swallowing
96
3 places the tongue attaches to
Mandible
Styloid process
Hyoid bone
97
Where does the fibrous septum of the tongue attach inferiorly?
Hyoid bone
98
Extrinsic Tongue muscles
Originate outside the tongue and insert into it
99
Intrinsic Tongue muscles
Originate and insert within the tongue
100
What muscles alter the shape of the tongue rather than moving it?
Intrinsic tongue muscles
101
Genioglossus
Protraction of tongue
O: Mandible
I: Under tongue and hyoid bone
102
Styloglossus
Retraction of the tongue
O: Styloid process
I: Side and under tongue
103
Hyoglossus
Depresses tongue and draws down sides
O: Hyoid bone
I: Side of tongue
104
Palatoglossus
Elevates tongue
O: Soft palate
I: Side of tongue
105
2 groups of muscles that stablize hyoid bone
Suprahyoid muscles
| Infrahyoid bones
106
What nerve innervates facial muscles?
Facial nerve VII
107
2 components of the digastric muscle?
Posterior and anterior bellies
108
Digastric
Elevates hyoid
O: Mandible and temporal bone
I: Body of hyoid
109
Stylohyoid
Elevates hyoid bone
O: Styloid process
I: Hyoid bone
110
Mylohyoid
Elevates hyoid bone
O: Mandible
I: Hyoid
111
Gleniohyoid
O: Mandible
I: Hyoid
112
What are the four suprahyoid muscles?
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Gleniohyoid
113
What are the four infrahyoid muscles?
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
114
Which 2 hyoid muscles have two bellies connected by an intermediate tendon?
Digastric
| Omohyoid
115
What are the 3 components of the omohyoid?
Superior and inferior bellies
| Intermediate tendon
116
Which 3 muscles depress the hyoid bone?
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
117
Which muscle depresses the thyroid cartilage (adams apple)?
Sternothyroid
118
Omohyoid
O:Scapula and superior transverse ligament
I: Hyoid
119
Sternohyoid
O: Clavicle and manubrium
I: Hyoid
120
Sternothyroid
O: Manubrium
I: Thyroid cartilage of larynx
121
Thyrohyoid
O: Thyroid cartilage of larynx
I: Hyoid
122
Extrinsic muscles of the larynx
Infrahyoid muscles
123
2 muscles that regulate tension of the vocal cords
Cricothyroid
| Thyroarytenoid
124
What 2 muscles adjust space between vocal cords?
Lateral cricoarytenoid
| Posterior cricoarytenoid
125
Cricothyroid
O: Cricoid cartilage
I: Thyroid cartilage
126
Thyroarytenoid
O: Thyoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid cartilage
127
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
O: Cricoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid cartilage
128
Posterior cricoarytenoid
O: Cricoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid Cartilage
129
Transverse cricoarytenoid
O: Arytenoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid cartilage
130
Oblique Arytenoid
O: Arytenoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid cartilage
131
Muscle for flexing head
2 sternocleidomastoid muscles
132
2 components of the sternocleidomastoid
Sternal head
| Clavicular Head
133
Sternal Head
O: Manubrium
I: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
134
Clavicular head
O: Clavicle
I: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
135
4 muscles for extending head
Semispinalis capitus
Splenius capitus
Longissimus Capitus
Spinalis Capitus
136
Semispinalis Capitis
O: Cervical vertebrae
I: Ociipital bone
137
Splenius Capitis
O: Cervical vertebrae
I: Occipital bone and mastoid process
138
Longissimus Capitis
O: Cervical and thoracic vertebrae
I: Mastoid process
139
Spinalis Capitis
O:Often absent or very small
I: Occipital bone
140
2 splenius muscles
Splenius Cervicis
| Splenius Capitis
141
What muscles laterally flex the neck and rotate the head?
Splenius muscles
142
Erector Spinae
The largest muscle in the back. Chief extensor of vertebral column.
143
3 groups of erector spinae
Iliocostalis ( Lateral)
Longissimus (Intermediate)
Spinalis (Medial)
144
3 iliocostalis muscles
Iliocostalis cervicis
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis lumborum
145
3 longissimus neck muscles
Longissimus capitis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus thoracis
146
3 spinalis neck muscles
Spinalis capitus
Spinalis cervicis
Spinalis thoracis
147
Transversospinales muscles
Fibers run from the transverse processes to the spinous processes of the vertebrae
148
3 semispinales muscles
semispniales cervicis
Semispinales thoracis
Semispinales Capitis
149
Multifidus
Segmented into several bundles. Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column
O: Sacrum, ilium, transverse processes
I: Spinous processes of top vertebrae
150
Rotatores
Short and found on the entire length of vertebral column. Transverse process to spinous process
151
2 muscles of the Segmental group
Interspinales
| Intertransversarii
152
What muscles unite spinous and transverse processes of consecutive vertebrae?
Segmental muscles
153
3 muscles of the scalene group
anterior scalene
middle scalene
posterior scalene
154
Anterior Scalene
Elevate ribs
O: Cervical vertebrae
I: First rib
155
Middle Scalene
Flex cervical vertebrae
O: Cervical vertebrae
I: First rib
156
Posterior Scalene
Elevate ribs
O: Cervical vertebrae
I: Second rib
157
Interspinales
O: Superior surface of spinous process
I: Inferior surface of spinous process of next vertebrae
158
Intertransversarii
Transverse process to transverse process
159
Spinalis Thoracis
Extend vertebral column
O: Spinous processes of T10- L2
I: Spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
160
Semispnialis Thoracis
Extend and rotate vertebral column
O: Transverse processes of T6- T10
I: Spinous processes of C6- T4
161
Longissimus Thoracis
Extend and laterally flex vertebral column
O: Transverse processes of lumbar
I: Transverse processes of thoracic and top lumbar, ribs 9 and 10
162
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Extend and laterally flex vertebral column
O: Ribs 7- 12
I: Ribs 1-6
163
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Extend and laterally flex vertebral column
O: Iliac crest
I: Ribs 7- 12
164
What 4 muscles make up the anterolateral abdominal wall?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus
Rectus abdominus
165
External oblique
Superficial muscle. Flex and rotate vertebral column
O: Ribs 5- 12
I: Iliac crest and linea alba
166
Internal Oblique
Intermediate flat muscle. Flex and rotate vertebral column
O: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
I: Ribs 7- 10, linea alba
167
Transversus Abdominis
Deep muscle. Compress abdomen
O: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, ribs 5- 10
I: Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis
168
Rectus Abdominis
Flexes and compresses abdomen
O: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I: Ribs 5- 7, xiphoid process
169
Tendinous Intersections
Transverse fibrous bands that make a 6 pack
170
Rectus sheaths
Aponeuroses of obliques and transversus abdominus enclose rectus abdominus
171
Linea alba
Fibrous midline of abdominal muscles
172
Inguinal Ligament
Inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis
173
Superficial Inguinal Ring
Outer opening of inguinal canal
174
Inguinal Canal
Contains ilioguinal nerve
M- spermatic cord
F- Round ligament of uterus
175
Quadratus Lumborum
Hold ribs and flex vertebrae laterally
O: Iliac crst and iliolumbar ligament
I: Rib 12 and L1- 4
176
Diaphragm
Contracts to inhale
O: Xiphoid process, costal cartilage, ribs 7-12, lumbar
I: Central tendon
177
What structure seperates abdominal and thoracic cavities?
Diaphragm
178
Peripheral Muscular Portion
Part of diaphragm originating on xiphoid process, inferior 6 ribs and lumbar
179
Central Tendon
Fibers of muscular portion of diaphragm converge into a strong aponeurosis
180
3 major openings in diaphragm
Aortic hiatus
Esophageal hiatus
Caval opening
181
Aortic hiatus
Hole in the middle of diaphragm for aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein
182
Esophageal hiatus
Hole in the middle of diaphragm for esophagus and nerves
183
Caval opening
Big hole in diaphragm for inferior vena cava
184
Intercostals
Muscles arranged in 3 layers span the spaces in between ribs
185
External Intercostals
Elevate and depress ribs.
O: Inferior border of rib above
I: Superior border of rib below
186
Internal intercostals
Draw adjacent ribs together
O: Superior border of rib below
I: Inferior border of rib above
187
Innermost Intercostals
Draw adjacent ribs together
O: Superior border of rib below
I: Inferior border of rib above
188
Mnemonic for action of intercostals
Old Mcdonald had a farm EIEIO:
| Intercostals Elevate during Inhalation Oh!
189
Main action of muscles moving pectoral girdle?
Stabilize scapula so it can serve as a origin for most muscles of the humerus
190
Subclavius
Depresses clavicle anteriorly
O: Rib 1
I: Clavicle
191
Pectoralis Minor
Abducts and rotates scapula downwards
O: Ribs
I: Coracoid process of scapula
192
Serratus Anterior
Abducts and rotates scapula upwards
O: Ribs 1- 9
I: Vertebral Border and inferior angle of scapula
193
Trapezius
Rotate and depress scapula
O: occipital bone, Spines of C7- T-12
I: Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
194
Levator Scapulae
Elevates scapula and rotates it downwards
O: Transverse processes of C1-4
I: Superior vertebral border of scapula
195
Rhomboid Major
Elevates, adducts and rotates scapula downwards
O: Spines of T2- 5
I: Vertebral border of scapula
196
Rhomboid Minor
Elevates, adducts and rotates scapula downwards
O: Spines of C7- T1
I: Vertebral border of scapula
197
6 movements of the scapula
```
Elevation
Depression
Abduction (protraction)
Adduction (retraction)
Upward rotation
```
198
How many muscles cross the shoulder joint?
9
199
Which shoulder muscles are the only to not originate on the scapula?
Pectoralis major
| Latissimus Dorsi
200
Axial muscles
Originate on the axial skeleton
201
Pectoralis Major
Adducts and medially rotates arm
O: Clavicle, sternum and ribs
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
202
Latissimus Dorsi
extends, adducts and rotates arm
O: Spines of T7- L5, crests of ilium and sacrum, ribs 9-12
I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
203
Deltoid
Abduct, flex, medially rotate, extend arm
O: Acromion and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
204
Subscapularis
Medially rotates arm
O: Subscapular fossa on scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
205
Supraspinatus
Abduct arm
O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
206
Infraspinatus
Laterally rotates arm
O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
207
Teres Major
Extension, adduction and medial rotation of arm
O: Inferior angle of scapula
I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
208
Teres Minor
Laterally rotates and extends arm
O: Inferior lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
209
Coracobrachialis
Flexes and adducts arm
O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: Medial surface of humerus shaft
210
What 4 muscles' tendons form the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
211
3 Flexor muscles of the elbow?
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
212
2 extensor muscles of the elbow?
Triceps brachii
| Anconeus
213
Biceps brachii
Flexes and supinates forearm
O: Tubercle above glenoid cavity, coracoid process
I: Radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
214
What muscle is deep to the biceps barchii?
Brachialis
215
Brachialis
Flexes forearm
O: Anterior surface of humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
216
Brachiordialis
Flexes, supinates and pronates arm
O: Distal end of humerus
I: Styoid process of radius
217
Triceps brachii
Extends arm
O: Inferior to glenoid cavity, surface of humerus
I: Olecranon
218
Aconeus
Extends forearm
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Olecranon and shaft of ulna
219
2 Forearm pronators
Pronator teres
| Pronator quadratus
220
Pronator teres
Pronates forearm
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
I: Surface of radius
221
Pronator Quadratus
Pronates forearm
O: Shaft of ulna
I: Shaft of radius
222
Supinator
Supinates forearm
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Surface of radius
223
Extrinsic Muscles of hand
originate outside hand and insert in it
224
Anterior compartment of the forearm
Originate on medial epicondyle of the humerus and function as flexors
225
What hand muscle is missing in 20% of people?
Palmaris longus
226
Posterior compartment of forearm
Originate on lateral epicondyle of humerus and function as extensors
227
Flexor Carpi radialis
Flexes and abducts wrist
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Metacarpals 2 and 3
228
Palmaris longus
Flexes hand
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
229
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes and adducts hand
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Pisiform, hamate and metacarpal 5
230
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes phalanges and hand
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process
I: Middle phalanx of each finger
231
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexes distal phalanx of thumb
O: Radius surface and interosseus membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
232
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes phalanges and hand
O: Body of ulna
I: Base of distal phalanx of fingers
233
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extends and abducts hand
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Metacarpal 2
234
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extends and abducts hand
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Metacarpal 3
235
Extensor Digitorum
Extends fingers and hands
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Distal and middle phalanges
236
Extensor Digiti minimi
Extends proximal phalanx of pinky finger and hand
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Tendon of extensor digitorum on fifth phalanx
237
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends and adducts hand
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Fifth metacarpal
238
Abductor pollicis longus
Abducts and extends hand
O: Middle of radius and ulna and interroseus membrane
I: First metacarpal
239
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extends proximal phalanx and metacrapal of thumb, and hand
O: Middle of radius and interroseus membrane
I: Proximal phalanx of thumb
240
Extensor Pollicis longus
Extends distal phalanx and first metacarpal of thumb, abducts hand
O; Middle of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
241
Extensor Indicis
Extends phalanges of index finger and hand
O: Surface of ulna
I; Tendon of extensor digitorum of index finger
242
3 groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand
Thenar
Hypothenar
Intermediate
243
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Abducts thumb
O: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
I: Proximal phalanx of thumb
244
Opponens pollicis
Opposition of thumb
O: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium
I; Metacarpal 1
245
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Flexes thumb
| O: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, capitate and trapezoid
246
Adductor pollicis brevis
Adducts thumb
O: Capitate and metacarpals 2 and 3
I: Proximal phalanx of thumb
247
Abductor Digiti minimi
Abducts and flexes little finger
O:Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I: Proximal phalanx of little finger
248
Flexor Digiti minimi brevis
Flexes little finger
O: Flexor retinaculum and hamate
I: Proximal phalanx of little finger
249
Opponens Digiti minimi
Opposition of pinky
O:Flexor retinaculum and hamate
I: Metacarpal 5
250
Lumbricals
Flex fingers at knucles and extend fingers
O: Tendons and flexor digitorum of each finger
I: Tendons of extensor digitorum on proximal phalanges
251
Palmar Interossei
Adduct and flex all fingers except middle, extend fingers
O: Shafts of all metacarpals except middle
I: Bases of proximal phalanges except middle
252
Dorsal Interossei
Abduct and flex fingers 2-4 and extend each finger
O: Adjacent metacarpals
I: Proximal phalanx of each finger
253
Thenar Eminence
Meaty part of palm
254
What 4 muscles make up the thenar eminence?
Abductor Pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
255
5 movements of the thumb?
```
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Opposition
```
256
2 components of the iliopsoas
Psoas major
| Iliacus
257
Psoas major
Flex and laterally rotate thigh, flex trunk.
O: Transverse processes and bodies of lumbar
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
258
Iliacus
Flex and laterally rotate thigh, flex trunk
O: Iliac fossa and sacrum
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
259
3 gluteal muscles?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
260
Gluteus maximus
Extends and laterally rotates thigh
O: Iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx
I: Iliotibial tract and linea aspera
261
Gluteus medius
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
O: Ilium
I: Greater trochanter of femur
262
Gluteus minimus
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
O: Ilium
I: Greater trochanter
263
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Flexes and abducts thigh
O:Iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract
264
Piriformis
Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Sacrum
I: Greater trochanter of femur
265
Obturator Internus
Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Obtruator Foramen, pubis, ischium
I: Greater trochanter
266
Obtruator Externus
Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Obtruator membrane
I: Inferior to greater trochanter
267
Superior Gemellus
Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Ischial spine
I: Greater trochanter
268
Inferior Gemellus
Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Greater trochanter
269
Quadratis Femoris
Laterally rotates and stabilizes hip
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Elevation above intertrochanteric crest
270
Iliotibial Tract (IT Band)
Strong band of connective tissue from ilium to tibia. Inserts on lateral condyle of tibia
271
Which 3 muscles can both medially and laterally rotate the thigh?
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
272
Adductor hiatus
Distal tendons of adductor magnus seperate just superior to medial epicondyle of femur
273
What is the longest muscle in the body?
Sartorius
274
Adductor Longus
Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh
O: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I: Linea aspera
275
Adductor brevis
Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh
O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Linea aspera
276
Adductor magnus
Adduct, rotate, flex, extend thigh
O: Inferior ramus of pubis and ischium
I: Linea aspera
277
Pectineus
Flexes and adducts thigh
O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur
278
Gracilis
Adducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh
O:Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Body of tibia
279
4 muscles of quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
280
Function of quadriceps femoris?
Extend leg at knee
| Rectus femoris flexes thigh
281
Rectus femoris
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity
282
Vastus lateralis
O: Greater trochanter and linea aspera
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity
283
Vastus medialis
O: Linea aspera
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity
284
Vastus Intermedius
O: Body of femur
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity
285
Sartorius
Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh
O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Body of tibia
286
3 hamstring muscles?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
287
Biceps femoris
Flexes and extends leg
O: Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
I: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
288
Semitendinosus
Flex and extend leg
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Proximal shaft of tibia
289
Semimembranosus
Flexes leg and extends thigh
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
290
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
O: Lateral condyle and body of tibia, interosseous membrane
I: Metatarsal 1 and first cuneiform
291
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Dorsiflexes foot and extends proximal phalanx of big toe
O: Surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of big toe
292
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Dorsiflexes foot, extends phalanges
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2- 5
293
Fibularis Tertius
Dorsiflexes and everts foot
O: Distal fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Base of metatarsal 5
294
Fibularis Longus
Plantar flexes and everts foot
O: Head and body of fibula
I: Metatarsal 1 and first cuneiform
295
Fibularis Brevis
Plantar flexes and everts foot
O: Body of fibula
I: Base of metatarsal 5
296
Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg
O: Condyles of femur and capsule of knee
I: Calcaneus
297
Soleus
Plantar flexes foot
O: Head of fibula and medial border of tibia
I: Calcaneus
298
Plantaris
Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg
O: Above lateral condyle of femur
I: Calcaneus
299
Popliteus
Flexes leg and medially rotates tibia
O: Lateral condyle of femur
I: Proximal tibia
300
Tibialis Posterior
Plantar flexes and inverts foot
O: Tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Metatarsals 2-5, navicular, cuneiforms and cuboid
301
Flexor digitorum longus
Plantar flexes foot and flexes phalanges
O: Surface of tibia
I: Distal phalanges of toes 2- 5
302
Flexor hallucis longus
Plantar flexes foot, flexes big toe
O: Inferior fibula
I: Distal phalanx of big toe
303
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Extends big toe
O: Calcaneus, extensor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of big toe
304
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extends toes 2- 4
O: Calcaneus, extensor retinaculum
I: Middle phalanges of toes 2- 4
305
Abductor Hallucis
Abducts and flexes big toe
O: Calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of big toe
306
Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexes toes 2-5
O: Calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
I: Middle phalanx of toes 2-5
307
Abductor digiti minimi
Abducts and flexes little toe
O: Calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of little toe
308
Quadratus plantae
Flex toes 2-5
O: Calcaneus
I: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
309
Lumbricals of foot
Extend and flex toes 2-5
O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Proximal phalanges of toes 2- 5
310
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexes big toe
O: Cuboid and third cuneiform
I: Proximal phalanx of big toe
311
Adductor Hallucis
Adducts and flexes big toe
O: Metatarsals 2-4, Ligaments of 3-5, tendon of fibularis longus
I: Proximal phalanx of big toe
312
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexes little toe
O: Metatarsal 5 and tendon of fibularis longus
I: Proximal phalanx of little toe
313
Dorsal interossei of foot
Abduct, flex and extend toes 2- 4
O: Side of metatarsals
I: Proximal phalanges
314
Plantar interossei
Adduct, flex and extend toes
O: Metatarsals 3-5
I: Proximal phalanges of toes 3- 5
