Key Area 6 Mutations And Key Area 7 Evolution

Question 1

What Is a mutation

Answer 1

It is a random and spontaous change in the genetic material

Question 2

What causes mutation

Answer 2

Exposure to radiation
Exposure to chemical

Question 3

What does a mutation result it

Answer 3

A protein not bring synthesised or a protien synthesis being altered

Question 4

Types of mutations

Answer 4

Single genes mutation
Chromosomes

Question 5

3 types of single gene mutations

Answer 5

Deletion
Insertion
Substitution

Question 6

What is deletion with a single gene mutation

Answer 6

When a nucleotide is removed from a DNA strand

Question 7

What is insertion in a single gene mutation

Answer 7

When a nucleotide Is added to the DNA strand

Question 8

What is the result of the deletion on the single gene mutation

Answer 8

The strand is shorten

Question 9

What I’d a result of a insertion in the single gene mutation

Answer 9

The strand is longer

Question 10

Substitution in single gene mutation

Answer 10

When a nucleotide is swapped for another on the DNA strand

Question 11

3 types of subsitions in single gene mutation

Answer 11

Missense
Nonsense
Splice-site

Question 12

What is a missense mutation

Answer 12

Nucleotides being swapped for another leading a change of amino acids

Question 13

What is a nonsense mutation

Answer 13

Results in a premature stop codon bring produced

Question 14

What is a splice - site mutation

Answer 14

Sometimes are retained and/ or exons not included the mature mRNA transcription

Question 15

What is the result of a missense mutation

Answer 15

Little effect or non functional protein

Question 16

What is the result of a nonsense mutation

Answer 16

A shorter protien being synthesis

Question 17

What is the result of splice- site mutation

Answer 17

May produce a non functional protien

Question 18

What is a single gene mutation

Answer 18

It involves a chnage to one of the base pairs in the DNA sequence

Question 19

What causes the frame shift mutation

Answer 19

Deletion and insertion

Question 20

What is a chromosome structure mutation

Answer 20

They involve a change in the structure of one or more chromosomes

Question 21

Types of chromosomes mutation

Answer 21

Deletion
Inversion
Translocation
Duplication

Question 22

What is deletion for chromosomes mutation

Answer 22

This is when a section of chromosome is removed

Question 23

What is inversion in chromosomes mutation

Answer 23

When a section of chromosomes is reversed

Question 24

What is translocation in chromosomes

Answer 24

When a section of one chromosomes is added to another chromosomes that is not it’s homologus partner

Question 25

What is duplication

Answer 25

Which a section of a chromosome is added from it'd homologus partner

Question 26

Whata the result of chromosomes of deletion

Answer 26

Loss in genes

Question 27

Result in Inversion for chromosomes

Answer 27

The formation of non - viable gametes

Question 28

Whats the result of duplication

Answer 28

Set of genes being reapted. This can be potential beneficial is that duplication will bring an advantage

Question 29

What is evolution

Answer 29

It is the gradual change in organisms over generations

Question 30

What is evolution a result of

Answer 30

A genome variation

Question 31

Why does evolution occur

Answer 31

To allow species to best adapt to their environment.

Question 32

What is natural selection

Answer 32

It is the non random increase in the frequency of DNA sequence that increases survival and the non random decrease in the frequency of delirious.

Question 33

3 types of natural selection

Answer 33

Stabilising Directional Disruptive

Question 34

What happens in natural selection

Answer 34

Favorable characteristics are passed down the generations.

Question 35

What can effect natural selection

Answer 35

Selection pressures

Question 36

What are 4 selections pressures

Answer 36

Increases in competition Changes to the environment New diseases New predators

Question 37

What is the process of natural selection

Answer 37

Breeding population produce more off spring than the environment can support Variations and adaptation can occur Selection pressure kills of individuals The strongest that are best suited to that particular niche survive The organisms successfully breed passing on the favorable characteristics.

Question 38

What happens during Stabilising

Answer 38

Both extremes are removed Happens when the average phenotype is favorable and the extremes of the phenotype are suited against

Question 39

What happened during directional selection

Answer 39

One of the extremes I'd favoured

Question 40

3 types of selection

Answer 40

Stabilising Directional Disruptive

Question 41

What happens during Disruptive selection

Answer 41

Both extremes are favoured

Question 42

Two types of gene transfer

Answer 42

Horizontal gene transfer Vertical gene transfer

Question 43

What is horizontal gene transfer

Answer 43

This is when gene are passed between different individual of the same generation.

Question 44

What cell type for horizontal gene transfer

Answer 44

Prokaryotes

Question 45

Why does prokaryotes mutation happen faster

Answer 45

They transfer horizontal so that they can evolve faster

Question 46

What is vertical gene transfer

Answer 46

It is when genes are passed from generation to generation through either sexual or asexual reproduction

Question 47

Is vertical gene transfer a fast or slow process

Answer 47

Slow

Question 48

Sexual vertical gene transfer

Answer 48

Since they have two parents it results in genetic variation

Question 49

Asexual vertical gene transfer

Answer 49

They are genetically identical

Question 50

What is speciation

Answer 50

A species is a group if organisms that have the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 51

If two differences species interbreed what will happen to their offspring

Answer 51

It will be infertile

Question 52

What does the process if speciation involve

Answer 52

Isolation Mutation Natural selection

Question 53

Stage 1 of speciation

Answer 53

An isolation is caused by a type of barrier Geographical Ecological Behavioural

Question 54

Stage 2 of speciation

Answer 54

Once a barrier has formed occur within the two different groups

Question 55

Stage 3 of speciation

Answer 55

Organisms are exposed to selection pressures and those with the advantageous mutations eith survive This results in a new group of organisms classed as a new species

Question 56

Stage 4

Answer 56

Following natural selection the new group will feature those organisms with stringer genes If the barrier is removed and the two siblings population meet. They will no longer be able to interbreed and produce fertile off spring thus I'd because thru are a new species

Question 57

What are the two types of speciation in relation to barrier involved

Answer 57

Allopatric Sympatic

Question 58

Sympatic speciation

Answer 58

Ecological Behavioural

Question 59

Allopatric

Answer 59

Geographical

Question 60

Stages of allopatric speciation

Answer 60

Population split Population isolated Gene mutation Selective pressure Variation Speciation occurred Barrier removed

Question 61

What happens with sympatric speciation

Answer 61

Isolation that happens in the same ares without operation. The speed of new species produced is faster

Question 62

Why is it important to have barriers

Answer 62

To prevent the flow of genes between different sub populations from happening. It is important to allow evolution to take place to allow for adaptation

Question 63

What is species

Answer 63

They can interbreed to produce fertile off spring

Question 64

What are the regions that closely related species occur together and can sometimes interbreed

Answer 64

Hybrid zone