Key Terminology & Definitions - EYE Flashcards
Fundus
Interior surface of the eye opposite the lens and includes the retina, optic disc, macula, fovea, and posterior pole.
Tigroid fundus
Normal fundus to which a deeply pigmented choroid gives the appearance of dark polygonal areas between the choroidal vessels, especially in the periphery.
Adnexal structures
Structures related to the eye, external to the globe - eyelids, nictitating membrane (third eyelid), lacrimal + accessory glands
Entropion
Internal rolling in of eyelid
Ectropion
External rolling out of the eyelid
Trichiasis
Eyelashes grow inwards toward the eye + rub against the cornea, the conjunctiva, and the inner surface of the eyelid, more than one misdirected cilia (congenital defect)
Distichia
Abnormal hairs arising from the Meibomian gland and exiting out of the eyelid margin
Ectopic cilia
Abnormal hairs arising from the Meibomian gland but exiting out of the palpebral conjunctiva, common in dogs
Trichomegaly
Excessively large cilia
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelids +/- conjunctivitis - general/local
Meibomian glands
Run along inside of conjunctiva (sebaceous glands)
Chalazion/meibomianitis
Sterile granulomatous inflammation in response to the leakage of Meibomian secretion
Sty
Suppurative inflammation of the adnexal glands
Prolapsed third eyelid
Also known as cherry eye - pathognomic appearance, due to loosening of / congenital laxity in connective tissue anchoring the nictitans gland to the cartilage of the third eyelid - gland moves
Immune-mediated keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
Body recognises self-antigens in lacrimal gland -> dry eye
Schirmer tear test (STT)
Diagnostic in dogs for immune-mediated keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), checks tear production
Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of lacrimal gland - result from involvement in orbital cellulitis/orbital trauma from severe intraocular inflammation/incidental involvement in systemic disease
Retained spectacles
When spectacle doesn’t come off w/ reptile’s shed skin
Does the cornea have blood vessels?
No = no leucocytes, can’t truly undergo primary inflammation
Corneal oedema
Hazy blue-white material on lesion
Corneal endothelium function
Pumps fluid from cornea into anterior chamber, against osmotic gradient - wants to maintain partly dehydrated state of cornea to maintain transparency
Limbal disease
Occurs rapidly after injury - results from imbibition of lacrimal water through damage corneal epithelium absorption of anterior chamber water at site of endothelium or failure of pump
Red corneal opacity
Blood vessels
Blue corneal opacity
Oedema (water)