Infection and Inflammation of the CNS

Question 1

Defence mechanisms in the brain (4)

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the different routes of infection + examples? (4)

Answer 2

Question 3

General features of lesions and the nature of the infecting organism (4)

Answer 3

Question 4

Suppurative inflammation - bacterial? fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth? viral? non-infectious agents?

Answer 4

Bacterial = Listeria, embolic diseases, septicaemias

Fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth = Aspergillus, Amebae, Prototheca, Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Viral = arbovirus

Question 5

Eosinophilic inflammation - bacterial? fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth? viral? non-infectious agents?

Answer 5

Fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth = Helminths (coenurus, cysticercus)

Non-infectious = allergy?

Question 6

Suppurative-pyogranulomatous inflammation - bacterial? fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth? viral? non-infectious agents?

Answer 6

Fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth = Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Cryptoccocus neoformans, Sarcocystis neurona

Question 7

Non-suppurative inflammation (lymphocytes + plasma cells) bacterial? fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth? viral? non-infectious agents?

Answer 7

Viral = Rabies, Aujeszky, Distemper, EEE, VEE, JEE, EHV*, West Nile, Borna

Question 8

Non-suppurative/granulomatous inflammation - bacterial? fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth? viral? non-infectious agents?

Answer 8

Bacterial = mycobacteria

Viral = Visna-maedi, CAEV, EIAV, FIP

Non-infectious agents = GME = granulomatous meningoencephalitis, NME = necrotising meningoencephalitis

Question 9

Grey matter inflammation (polio) - bacterial? fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth? viral? non-infectious agents?

Answer 9

Viral = Rabies, Aujeszky, EEE, VEE, JEE, EHV*, West Nile, Borna

Non-infectious = NME = necrotising meningoencephalitis

Question 10

White matter inflammation (leuko) - bacterial? fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth? viral? non-infectious agents?

Answer 10

Viral = Distemper, Border disease, Visna-Maedi

Non-infectious = GME = granulomatous meningoencephalitis

Question 11

Vasculitis - bacterial? fungal/algal/protozoan/helminth? viral? non-infectious agents?

Answer 11

Bacterial = TME = thrombotic meningoencephalitis

Viral = FIP, herpesviruses, CSF, ASF, MCF

Question 12

What do bacterial infections involve and the common patterns associated with inflammation (7)

Answer 12

Question 13

What is meningitis? species, bacteria, portal of entry, clinical signs (13)

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Diffuse suppurative meningitis - pig

Question 15

Answer 15

Suppurative meningitis

Question 16

What are cerebral abscesses? (2)

Answer 16

Question 17

Cerebral abscesses - haematogenous location (2)

Answer 17

Question 18

Cerebral abscesses - direct invasion locations (5)

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the histopathological features of cerebral abscesses? (6)

Answer 19

Question 20

Septic embolism and thromboembolism to the brain - bacterial agents and outcomes (5)

Answer 20

Question 21

What is thrombotic meningoencephalitis (TME)? (6)

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

What is listeriosis - areas affected, route of infection (7)

Answer 25

Question 26

Where are the areas of lesions of listeriosis?

Answer 26

Question 27

Listeria - histo

Answer 27

Question 28

Aetiology of granulomatous/pyogranulomatous encephalitis (7)

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

What do CNS viral infections involve? (8)

Answer 30

Question 31

How is rabies spread?

Answer 31

Question 32

What are the histopathological features of viral infections? (7)

Answer 32

Question 33

What are the different equine viral diseases? (4)

Answer 33

Question 34

Canine distemper virus - CNS features (4)

Answer 34

* Non-suppurative encephalitis, mostly of WM * Demyelination of WM * Secondary gliosis * Inclusion bodies

Question 35

Canine distemper - systemic disease features (7)

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

What do protozoan infections involve? (6)

Answer 37

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

What do fungal and algal diseases involve? (6)

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

GID = coenurus

Question 41

What is granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME)? (4)

Answer 41

Non-infectious encephalitides (auto-immune disease)

Question 42

What is necrotising meningoencephalitis (NME)? (4)

Answer 42

Non-infectious encephalitides (auto-immune disease)

Question 43

Granulomatous menigoencephalomyelitis (GME) - gross pathology

Answer 43

Question 44

Granulomatous menigoencephalomyelitis (GME) - histopathology

Answer 44