Key terms

Question 1

What are extraneous variables

Answer 1

Variables that may have an effect on the DV if not controlled.
Can affect the outcome of the study if not controlled.
Environmental
Demographic
Participant

Question 2

What are confounding variables

Answer 2

Variables that was not the IV that has affected the DV

Age - older people may have more prior knowledge/experience

Order effects - if asked to do something twice likely to do better 2nd time as they remember the task.

Social desirability effect - If study on sensitive topics they may answer in a way they believe is socially acceptable.

Hawthorne effect - If know they are being observed may change their behaviour to meet the expectations of the study.

Question 3

What are demand characteristics

Answer 3

Cues from the researcher that lead to participants guessing the experiment objective and changing their behaviour to meet this.

Question 4

what are Investigator effects

Answer 4

The investigators behaviour/ideals has an effect on the research outcome.
Facial expressions
Leading questions
Researcher expectations

Question 5

Describe Quantitative data

Answer 5

Numerical data
Closed questionnaires
Number of times something is observed

Easy analysis
Less time consuming
Reliable

Less valid as cannot go into further depth/ask more questions or have understanding of certain topics.

Question 6

Describe qualitative data

Answer 6

More literate
Open questionnaires
Open interviews/group

Valid - further depth
context/understanding
can ask further questions - flexible
Smaller sample sizes - affordable - (Sometimes cant be generalized due to small sample size however)

Harder to analyses as answers can vary - unreliable (cant replicate easily).
Can be more time consuming to collect and analyse data.