KIDNEY

Question 1

What organ is found by the right kidney?

Answer 1

Colon

Question 2

All of the following are in the kidney medulla EXCEPT?

Answer 2

Glomerulus (cortex)

Question 3

In a healthy kidney, what does not get passed through?

Answer 3

Albumin & glucose (clearance = 0 mg/ml)

Question 4

What cells line the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsules?

Answer 4

Podocytes

Question 5

Most kidney reabsorption & ATP used in the nephron of kidney?

Answer 5

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (Contain truncated pyramidal cells)

Question 6

Where is the highest osmolality?

Answer 6

Loop of Henle in the medulla

Question 7

Describe the Macula Densa

Answer 7

DCT (Sense NaCl concentration in thick ascending limb, can signal afferent arterioles to vasodilate & increase renin released from IG complex)

Question 8

What would increase GFR?

Answer 8

Dilation of afferent arterioles in kidney

Question 9

Which one is the best for GFR?

Answer 9

Inulin

Question 10

Kidney substance filtered & secreted. The clearance rate is

a. = inulin
b. > inulin
c. < inulin

Answer 10

c. < inulin

Question 11

What is Inulin?

Answer 11

Plant starch

filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted by any parts of the kidney = GFR

Question 12

What is the para-aminohippurate (PAH) test used for?

Answer 12

Measure renal plasma flow

Question 13

What is PAH?

Answer 13

freely filtered & secreted by the kidney= Renal Plasma Flow

Question 14

Aldosterone is produced in the _________ & affects DCT

Answer 14

zona glomerulosa

Question 15

If you inhibit ACE, what hormone is decreased?

Answer 15

Aldosterone

Question 16

ADH is produced where?

Answer 16

Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus

Question 17

ADH increases __________________/resorption at DCT by inserts Aquaporin-2 channels into the DCT & collecting duct epithelial cells

Answer 17

water permeability

Question 18

Deficiency of ADH

Answer 18

dilute urine

Question 19

What are the primary stones in gout?

Answer 19

Urate (uric acid) crystals (uric acid deposits in the joints)

Question 20

What do you want to inhibit in a person with gout?

Answer 20

Xanthline Oxidase

Question 21

Uric acid is an end product of ?

Answer 21

purine metabolism, specifically via xanthine metabolism

Question 22

You could decrease plasma osmolarity by injecting serums?

Answer 22

ADH

Question 23

What type of enzyme is FUmerase?

Answer 23

Isoenzyme

Question 24

What is an intermediate of the UREA Cycle in mitochondria?

Answer 24

Orinthine

Question 25

Fumerase/ fumarate connects urea cycle via?

Answer 25

TCA Cycle

- Hydration reaction

Question 26

In the urea cycle, where does the Nitrogen come from?

Answer 26

ammonia & aspartate

Question 27

What is an intermediate in the urea & precursor for ornithine?

Answer 27

Arginine