KIN 102 Final Flashcards

Question

Fitts law

Answer 1

Fitts law: Movement speed is related to accuracy

Answer 2

May help: - individuals who are injured in some way to recover lost movement - Ways to compensate for loss of movement - Individuals acquire new movements

Answer 3

Motor performance: Observable actions that humans make when performing a task It includes the conscious decision making that humans make as well as the unconscious movements humans make Two ways humans control movement - Physiological - Psychological

Answer 4

Motor development: takes months and years - The study of change of performance over time including growth and development factors as well as practice.

Answer 5

Motor control: days and weeks - The study of motor performance at a given point in time

Answer 6

Motor learning: seconds - Learning or the acquisition of skills over time with practice

Answer 7

Sherrington: study of the nervous system - focused on studying the physiological studies Woodworth: the behavioral aspects of motor control - movement of accuracy Thorndike: more in terms of learning in general in the motor context

Answer 8

Twins were often used to show the difference in nature versus nurture

Answer 9

Henry franklin: essentially the founder of kinesiology Why?: - They wanted to figure out how the individuals coming into the army could best be positioned. - They applied principals of motor learning to recruit individuals

Answer 10

Most people in the field thought people work like computers and how the brain and CNS controlled our movements.

Answer 11

Nikolai he was a neurophysiologist who challenged the role of the CNS as the dominant control of the motor system His work was known as the dynamic pattern perspective He worked with mathematics and physics to prove his work

Answer 12

Two main perspectives - Outside in: looks at the movement then the mechanism - Inside out: looks at the mechanism then the movement

Answer 13

Neurophysiology: looks at patients who have damage to their CNS and look at injuries specific to the nervous system - This is often done by comparisons between those injured and those not

Answer 14

Reading discovered: - Blocked is best for novice learners - Best for those at an intermediate or expert level - Having a practice activity that correlates to the game - Manipulating: force, time, skill required - The challenge needs to match the optimal level of engagement and

Answer 15

Feedback: any sort of sensory information related to movement Intrinsic: derives from the movement itself (the performance is rewarding to the individual itself) needs an instructor especially if the individual isn't great at connecting with how the body feels - Once they understand how to receive the queues that it feels right they can perform it correctly instantly Extrinsic: feedback that comes from external forces (coaches, teachers, instructors) the quality of the feedback is important to the learning of the student - Can be instant if done correctly by the instructor

Answer 16

Skill assessment: something that allows the individual to track progress.

Answer 17

Pedagogy: essentially is the art and science of the profession of teaching

Answer 18

Sport pedagogy: sport and teaching that encompasses physical activity

Answer 19

Physical activity: any bodily movement that requires the use of energy by the individual

Answer 20

Physical education: a planned sequential program of instruction that helps students develop the knowledge, skill and confidence needed to adopt and maintain a physically active lifestyle

Answer 21

Four essential components of a high quality physical education program: - The opportunity to learn - The content must be relevant and meaningful - Appropriate instruction - Student and program assessment

Answer 22

Sport and exercise pedagogy domains (although all are essential psychomotor is the most dominant) - Psychomotor - Cognitive - Affective

Answer 23

Curriculum: what will be taught (often dance, sport games, non-traditional games)

Answer 24

Instruction: how the curriculum will be delivered (can be based on different models and teaching strategies)

Answer 25

There have been amny models since the 1900s although the most modern model is Ecological approach: increases students moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity (MVPA) with the ultimate goal of contributing to a healthy lifestyle Model: health optimizing physical education

Answer 26

There have been amny models since the 1900s although the most modern model is Ecological approach: increases students moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity (MVPA) with the ultimate goal of contributing to a healthy lifestyle Model: health optimizing physical education

Answer 27

Adapted physical activity: those who aid teachers in developing and administering programs

Answer 28

Thinking about human movement: 4 major topics 1. Providing an opportunity to learn: a. Every child needs to have the ability to learn b. Comes down to the teachers ability to teach c. Having the equipment to learn d. Class size can effect opportunity to learn e. Having qualified physical specialists 2. Meaningful content a. Curriculum has general and specific outcomes (specific are grade specific) 3. Appropriate instruction: a. When we are instructing everyone is engaged b. Everyone regardless of capability are able to participate c. Creating learning environments that are d. Thinking about how lessons are designed e. Physical activity should never be assigned as punishment 4. Student and program assessment a. Have different modes of delivering tests

Answer 29

Three essential teaching behaviors - Teacher movement ○ Should be watching and loving within the space - Feedback given ○ Having an idea of what is appropriate - Minimizing instructional and waiting time

Answer 30

Different types of feedback: (has the potential to greatly influence learning) - Positive ○ Recognise that the learner is doing well - Corrective ○ Correcting the students faults - General ○ Feedback that can be given to entire class - Specific ○ Based on individual observation - Non-verbal ○ Thumbs up

Answer 31

Managerial time: - Time when students are involved in tasks not related to the lesson objectives such as time taking toll and getting into groups

Answer 32

Descriptive research: uses description, classification, measurement and comparison to describe a population or phenomenon ○ Disruptive behaviors in physical education classes (purposely being disruptive in order to be removed from and not having to take part in PE class)

Answer 33

Observational research: a technique used to observe and record behaviors that occur in a participants natural setting ○ Observing things such as the relationships between teachers and students ○ They often give numerical data

Answer 34

Experimental research: - Using experiments to find out things ○ Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA): § When one is working hard enough to raise heart rate and break a sweat ○ Academic learning time-physical education (ALT-PE) § Time durring class students spend actively engaged ○ Games based approach: § Approach to learning which allows students to discover what to do through a game

Answer 35

Action research: teachers act as the researchers because they are trying to improve ways of instruction ○ This allows teachers to evaluate what they want ○ If done properly it allows the teacher to make a change to how they work - Identify - Plan - Collect - Analyze - Revise

Answer 36

G. Nyberg (Pedagogy) - essentially explored the ways in which people learn new skills (juggling, dance, unicycling) and made the analogy that people learn like exploring a landscape in that everyone takes a different path to get there and some aspects fascinate others more than their peers. Everyone approaches learning differently

Answer 37

Inclusive physical activity is a philosophy that embraces the belief that everyone has equal opportunity to participate This philosophy recognizes: - The value of participant choice is key - The importance of recognizing the practitioners part in making a learning and meaningful experience - Different people have

Answer 38

Disability: an umbrella term that encompasses impairments, activity limitations People with disabilities - Important to recognize that two people experience disability differently - Some disabilities are not visible

Answer 39

Impairment: a problem in body function or structure - Loss of a limb - Memory loss

Answer 40

Activity limitation: difficulty encountered by an individual when in an activity - Hard hearing - Walking - Problem solving

Answer 41

Participation restriction: problem experienced by an individual over a wider scope of everyday life

Answer 42

Medical: negative and categorized Social minority: better than medical but still focuses on disability and segregating Social construction: disability is what society makes it International class of functioning, disability and health: looks at the interaction of the person and the outside world

Answer 43

Inclusive model of physical activity (IMAPA): - Ability based and multi focused approach - Person centered and contextually situated - Labels are removed, individuals are valued, respected, and given equality - Focuses on personal development and achievement

Answer 44

Capability shifting: - Shifting the focus from disability to ability

Answer 45

Corrective physical education: - An early name of APA that came from the medical root of physical education designed mostly for world war II veterans with amputation or spinal cord injury

Answer 46

Adapted physical education (APE): physical education that has been adapted and or modified so it is appropriate for children and youth with disabilities - They focus on things like defining and developing fine motor skills - Fitness in exercise training - Aquatics

Answer 47

Administrative and epidemiological approach: - Professional development - Participation - Barriers - Policies and procedures - Cost effectiveness - Awareness and perception - Incidence and prevalence

Answer 48

Biomechanical approach: - Three dimensional motion analysis - An accelerometer - A force place

Answer 49

Pedological approach: - Instruction - Teacher preparation - Inclusion - Peer-tutoring - Teaching effectiveness - Active learning time - Behavior management - Feedback

Answer 50

Physiological approach: - Pulmonary gas exchange - Body composition - Muscular strength - Electrical activity of muscles

Answer 51

Psychological approach - Motivation - Perceived competency - Depression - Quality of life - Attitude - Self efficacy

Answer 52

Sociocultural approach: - Intersection of ability with gender, race, ethnicity, age - Power and power relations - Coaching - Sport

Answer 53

Sociology: the study of sport as a social phenomenon - Encompasses physical education

Answer 54

Sport is more than physical - It is emotional and shaped by social and cultural practices Sociocultural conditions include: - Power operation ○ Who has access to power § Typically it was reserved for men - Context How the setting influences us

Answer 55

Culture: dominant and common language, ways of life, roles and expectations that govern our everyday interactions

Answer 56

Social structures: - Patterned relationships among members of society

Answer 57

Ideology: a widely shared belief that is woven into the fabric of society over time Ideologies related to: - Gender - Class - Age - Sexuality - Neoliberalism

Answer 58

Sports sociologists understand sport as socially constructed behavior because: - Invented and reinvented - Potential to change over time and relearn values and beliefs - Change as a result of time

Answer 59

Sociological imagination (1961): a practice developed in the early 60s that explains that an individual is connected to a larger social issue

Answer 60

A sport psychologist: - Ask how Usain bolt is able to do all the things he does A sport sociologist: the individual isn't absent - The approach to studying things such as body size ○ Sociologists want to understand how it happens why it happens due to society - They are interested in the conditions of the individual (the society they are placed in) - They would never train Usain bolt to run faster ○ How was it he was able to be successful based off of societal impacts

Answer 61

Structural theories: - Attempt to explain broad societal systems and pose questions about how the systems work to meet the needs of societal members or not

Answer 62

Cultural theories: attempt to try and understand certain roots of where culture came from

Answer 63

Intersectionality: the complex idea that it is more than just race gender and other factors but it is all interconnected (things like discrimination can severely affect and be intertwined in sociology)

Answer 64

Two different conceptualizations of power: - Hegemony (critical theory) ○ Ideology based - Disciplinary power (Foucauldian) ○ Internalized, invested in the body

Answer 65

Antonio Gramsci - Power as ideological Hegemony: they tend to be a small majority that can force belief on the majority (think like how Hitler did it) - Usually the majority contrasts to and embraces these beliefs

Answer 66

Hegemonic masculinity: - Is a product of idealizing what masculinity should be and sidelining other ways of being masculine

Answer 67

Michel Foucault believed that everyone has power but not everyone has the same amount Power is always productive = positive or negative

Answer 68

Disciplinary power: - Analyze how power operates on the body to produce subjected bodies or docile bodies

Answer 69

Neoliberalism ideology: the individuals have choice - Health is understood as the absence of illness

Answer 70

Dallaire (Sociology reading) - essentially took a group of Canadian men and women and examined why they choose to participate in physical exercise and what sociological factors might be at play whether it is social pressure or ideals or whether it is simply by the will of the individual or because of fears of living an unhealthy lifestyle.

KIN 102 Final Flashcards

(94 cards)