KIN 100 Final (Lecture 12 - 13)

Question 1

How has our skull shape evolved?

Answer 1

• Over the years our cranium has become larger and our jaw has become smaller

Question 2

How many bones are in the skull?

Answer 2

• face: 14
• cranium: 8
• associated bones: 6

Question 3

Lacrimal fossa (what does it do?)

Answer 3

• It holds the tear glands

Question 4

What is special about the sphenoid bone?

Answer 4

• It connects with all other bones in the skull

Question 5

Posterior cranial fossa

Answer 5

• It holds the cerebellum

Question 6

What are our 4 sinuses?

Answer 6

• frontal sinus
• ethmoid air cells
• sphenoidal sinus
• maxillary sinus

Question 7

Paranasal sinuses (what are they for?)

Answer 7

• Reduce skull weight
• produce mucus
• allow air to resonate for voice production

Question 8

Afferent division (what is it?)

Answer 8

• to the CNS
• somatic and visceral sensory receptors

Question 9

Efferent division (what is it?)

Answer 9

• from the CNS
• somatic nervous system
• autonomic nervous system

Question 10

Parasympathetic

Answer 10

• rest and digest

Question 11

Sympathetic

Answer 11

• Fight or flight

Question 12

Neuroglia

Answer 12

• Support neurons structurally and functionally
• Outnumber neurons 1-5

Question 13

Pseudounipolar neuron (what is it?)

Answer 13

• for peripheral senses
• cell body is just off the center of the axon

Question 14

Astrocytes (what are they?)

Answer 14

• most abundant
• maintain blood brain barrier
• guide development
• work in repair

Question 15

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 15

• improve conductivity

Question 16

Microglia

Answer 16

• Pick up pathogens

Question 17

Ependymal cells

Answer 17

• Help form hollow space

Question 18

Satellite cells

Answer 18

• Surround cell bodies
• control gas and nutrient exchange
• control neurotransmitters

Question 19

Schwann cells

Answer 19

• increase conductivity
• assists in repair

Question 20

Spinal cord (how far does it go?)

Answer 20

• From the foramen magnum to L1

Question 21

Where does the CSF stay between?

Answer 21

• it stays between the arachnoid matter and the pia matter

Question 22

Epineurium (what does it cover?)

Answer 22

• It covers the spinal nerves

Question 23

Perineurium (what does it cover?)

Answer 23

• Around fascicle

Question 24

Endoneurium (What does it cover?)

Answer 24

• covers axons

Question 25

The brain (facts)

Answer 25

- Accounts for approximately 2% of the body weight * Needs 20% of cardiac output * Extensively vascularized * Sensitive to toxins

Question 26

Diencephalon (what is it composed of?)

Answer 26

- Thalamus - Hypothalamus

Question 27

Cerebrum (facts)

Answer 27

- 80% of the brains mass

Question 28

Corpora Quadrigemina

Answer 28

- Four bumps on the mesencephalon - For visual and auditory reflexes

Question 29

Red nucleus

Answer 29

- Motor coordination - Maintain posture

Question 30

Pons (What are its tracts?)

Answer 30

- Transverse tract (to connect cerebellum) - Longitudinal tract (medulla oblongata to midbrain)

Question 31

How many nerves does the brain stem have?

Answer 31

- it has 12 nerves

Question 32

Dura matter (what is it comprised of?)

Answer 32

- 2 layers of dense connective tissue - Endosteal layer - Meningeal layer

Question 33

Dura matter (Falx cerebri)

Answer 33

- Separates the two hemispheres

Question 34

Dura matter (Flax Cerebelli)

Answer 34

- Separates left and right cerebellum

Question 35

Dura matter (Diaphragma salle)

Answer 35

- Separates the pituitary from the brain

Question 36

Cerebrospinal fluid (where is it produced?)

Answer 36

- in the coracoid plexus - recycles 8 times a day