Knowledge of Self 1(2)

Question 1

What is self-esteem? Who are the key theorists?

Answer 1

Self-esteem is the overall emotional evaluation of one’s worth.

**Rosenberg (1965): **Developed the Self-Esteem Scale.

Leary & Baumeister (2000): Proposed Sociometer Theory, suggesting self-esteem acts as a monitor of social inclusion.

Question 2

What is self-efficacy? Who introduced it?

Answer 2

Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations.

Albert Bandura (1977): Showed it influences motivation, persistence, and goal achievement.

Question 3

What is the Looking-Glass Self? Who coined it?

Answer 3

**Charles Horton Cooley (1902) **coined the metaphor. It refers to forming self-concept by imagining how others see us. Our identity is shaped by this reflected appraisal.

Question 4

What is impression management or self-presentation? Who developed this idea?

Answer 4

**Erving Goffman (1959): **Compared social interaction to theater:

Front stage = how we act in public

Back stage = private self
We manage impressions depending on audience and context.