L1: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
Case Presentation of VHF
A
2
Q
DDx of VHF
A
3
Q
Def of VHF
A
4
Q
Different Famelies of VHF
A
5
Q
Survival dependent on an animal or insect host, for the natural reservoir
A
..
6
Q
Site of Filoviridae
A
7
Q
Case Fatality of Filoviridae
A
7
Q
Agents of Filoviridae
A
8
Q
Site of Arenaviridae
A
9
Q
Agents of Arenaviridae
A
10
Q
Case Fatality of Arenaviridae
A
11
Q
Site of Bunyaviridae
A
12
Q
Agent of Bunyaviridae
A
13
Q
Case Fatality of Bunyaviridae
A
14
Q
Site of Flaviviridae
A
15
Q
Agents of Flaviviridae
A
16
Q
Case Fatality of Flaviviridae
A
17
Q
Genome of VHF
A
All are single-stranded RNA.
18
Q
Structure of VHF
A
All are enveloped (transmission by foods or drinks???)
19
Q
Infectivity of VHF
A
- Infectious during viremia stage.
- Low infectivity dose (1-10 viruses can cause infections).
20
Q
Reservoir of VHF
A
Humans are not the natural reservoir but accidentally infected when comes in contact with infected hosts.
21
Q
Outbreaks of VHF
A
Human outbreaks are sporadic and irregular.
22
Q
Infectivity of Humans in VHF
A
Human infected can infect another human
23
Q
Type of VHF
A
- VHFs are zoonosis: Animal hosts (Rodents) and arthropod vectors are main reservoirs.
24
MOT of **VHF**
1. Bite of infected arthropod (ticks or mosquitos)
2. Aerosol from infected rodent excreta
3. Direct contact with infected animals / carcasses or fomites
25
Pathogenesis of **VHF**
26
Target organ of **VHF**
The target organ is the vascular bed (hemorrhage)
27
Replication of **VHF**
The replication of virus is intracellularly
28
What do **VHF** release?
Cytokine release leads to shock and hypotension.
29
What do cytokines of **VHF** cause?
- Affects Platelet functions and numbers (thrombocytopenia)
- Affects bone marrow and clotting factors.
30
CP of **VHF**
31
Initial Symptoms of **VHF**
Marked fever
Fatigue
Dizziness
Muscle aches
Exhaustion
32
More severe symptoms of **VHF**
Bleeding under skin ( Petechiae, ecchymosis, conjunctivitis )
Bleeding in internal organs
Bleeding from orifices
Blood loss rarely cause of death
33
Dx of **VHF**
34
Hx in **VHF**
35
Case Definition in **VHF**
36
Investigations in **VHF**
37
Agents of Filoviridae
{Marburg virus - Ebola virus}
38
History of Filoviridae
38
CFR of Filoviridae
Fatality rate (CFR) approaches 90%.
39
Transmission of Filoviridae
The virus was transmitted to humans from wild animals.
40
Natural Host of Filoviridae
- Fruit Bats are considered as the natural host for the virus.
- Other reservoirs rodents
41
History of Arenaviridae
42
Reservoir of Arenaviridae
Virus transmission and amplification occurs in rodents.
43
MOT of Arenaviridae
44
History of Bunyaviridae
45
Genera of Bunyaviridae
5 genera with over 350 viruses
46
MOT of Bunyaviridae
47
Agents of Flaviviridae
Dengue virus
Yellow Fever virus
Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus
Kyasanur Forest Disease virus
48
MOT of Flaviviridae
48
MOT of Kyasanur Forest Virus
Ixodid tick
49
MOT of Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses
- Aedes aegypti
- Sylvatic cycle Urban cycle
50
MOT of Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus
Muskrat urine, feces, or blood
51
IP of **Yellow Fever**
Short ( 3 - 6 days.
52
CP of **Yellow Fever**
52
Initial Symptoms of **Yellow Fever**
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Toxic Phase of **Yellow Fever**
54
Vaccine of **Yellow Fever**
- Vaccine is available and indicated to travels to endemic area
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Type & Dose of Vaccine of **Yellow Fever**
live-attenuated vaccine, live-attenuated vaccine, single dosesingle dose
56
Indications of **Yellow Fever** Vx
To > 9 months travelers or living in endemic areasTo > 9 months travelers or living in endemic areas
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Immunity & Protection of **Yellow Fever**
- Immunity in 1 week in 95 % of people
- Protection for 30 - 35 year
58
Specific TTT of **Yellow Fever**
None
59
Geography of Dengue Fever
Americas, Asia & Africa
59
Vectors of **Dengue Fever**
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus.
60
Transmission of **Dengue Fever**
61
Site of Replication of Dengue Fever
Virus replicates in mosquitos.
62
IP of **Dengue Fever**
3-14 days
63
Vx of Dengue Fever
64
Characters of **Four Dengue Virus Serotypes**
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CP of Dengue Virus
1- Undifferentiated fever
2- Classic Dengue Fever
3- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
4- Dengue Shock Syndrome
66
Classic Dengue Fever
67
Hge in Classic Dengue Fever
Severe Hemorrhage mainly retro-ocular
68
Fever in Classic Dengue Fever
Myalgia & arthralgia - often severe (break bone fever)
69
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
70
Most serious form of **Dengue Fever**
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
- (Mortality = 10%; high as 50% )
71
Diagnostic Criteria of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
72
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
73
Prevention **& Control** of Dengue Fever
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Avoid contact with host species
75
If human case occurs ....
Decrease person-to-person transmission
Isolation of infected individuals
76
Disinfect and dispose of instruments
Use a 0.5% solution of sodium hypochlorite (1:10 dilution of bleach)
77
TTT of **Dengue Fever**
78
Ribavirin in **Dengue Fever**
Not approved by FDA
Effective in some individuals
Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae only
79
Convalescent-phase plasma in **Dengue Fever**
Argentine HF, Bolivian HF and Ebola
