L6: PHTN & Esophageal Varices

Question 1

Def of PHTN

Answer 1

Increased portal vein pressure > 12 mmHg

Question 2

Normal Portal Pressure

Answer 2

(Normal portal vein pressure is 5 - 10 mmHg).

Question 3

Etiology of PHTN

Answer 3

• Pre-hepatic (Infra-hepatic) causes
• Intra-hepatic causes
• Post-hepatic (supra-hepatic)

Question 4

Pre-Hepatic Causes of PHTN

Answer 4

Question 5

Intra-Hepatic Causes of PHTN

Answer 5

Question 6

Post-Hepatic Causes of PHTN

Answer 6

Question 7

Pathophysiology of PHTN

Answer 7

• Congestion
• Portosystemic Shunts

Question 8

Congestion

Pathophysiology of PHTN

Answer 8

• Splenic: splenomegaly
• Stomach: dyspepsia
• Portal Hypertensive gastropathy (PHG)

Question 9

Portosystemic shunts

Pathophysiology of PHTN

Answer 9

Question 10

Esophageal portosystemic shunts

• Clinical Condition
• Portal Circulation
• Systemic Circulation

Answer 10

Question 11

Rectal portosystemic shunts

• Clinical Condition
• Portal Circulation
• Systemic Circulation

Answer 11

Question 12

Paraumbilical portosystemic shunts

• Clinical Condition
• Portal Circulation
• Systemic Circulation

Answer 12

Question 13

Intrahepatic portosystemic shunts

• Clinical Condition
• Portal Circulation
• Systemic Circulation

Answer 13

Question 14

Retroperitoneal portosystemic shunts

• Clinical Condition
• Portal Circulation
• Systemic Circulation

Answer 14

Question 15

CP of PHTN

Answer 15

Question 16

Investigations for PHTN

Answer 16

Question 17

TTT of Varices

Answer 17

Question 18

Intro to Upper GI Bleed

Answer 18

Question 19

Causes of GI Bleed

Answer 19

Question 20

CP of GI Bleed

Answer 20

Question 21

Presentations of GI Bleed

Answer 21

• Hematemesis
• Melena
• Hematochezia

Question 22

Hematemesis

Answer 22

Question 23

Melena

Answer 23

Question 24

Hematochezia

Answer 24

Question 25

Hx **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 25

Question 26

Physical Ex **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 26

Question 27

Investigations **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 27

Question 28

Managment **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Question 29

Resuscitation & Emergency TTT **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 29

Question 30

Pharmacologic Therapy **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 30

Question 31

Octeriotide

Answer 31

Question 32

Vasopressin **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 32

Question 33

terlipressin **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 33

Question 34

Endoscopic therapy **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 34

Question 35

Sclerotherapy **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 35

Question 36

Complications of endoscopic therapy **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 36

Question 37

What is **TIPS**?

Answer 37

Question 38

Steps of **TIPS**

Answer 38

Question 39

Complications of **TIPS**

Answer 39

Question 40

Surgical Therapy **Approach of Upper GI Bleed**

Answer 40

Question 41

Treatment of non-variceal bleeding

Answer 41