Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 > L12: 2ry HTN & MEN > Flashcards

L12: 2ry HTN & MEN Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of 2ry HTN

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What control Mineralocorticoids synthesis?

A
  • Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone 100–150 micrograms/day) synthesis occurs in the zona glomerulosa, predominantly under the control of the renin– angiotensin system (outer layer of the cortex) although ACTH also contributes to its regulation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of Hyperaldosteronism

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of 1ry Hyperaldosteronism

A

 Conn’s syndrome (aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma) 35%.

 Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of 2ry Hyperaldosteronism

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

A

The condition of excess aldosterone secretion which may result in Hypertension with Hypokalemia and Alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causes of Primary Hyperaldosteronism

A
  • Conn’s syndrome (aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma) 35%.
  • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia 60%.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CP of Primary Hyperaldosteronism

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

INVx for Primary Hyperaldosteronism

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the screening test for Primary Hyperaldosteronism?

A

Plasma aldosterone : renin ratio (ARR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Origin of Pheochromocytoma

A
  • Adrenal Pheochromocytoma —> Over 90%
  • Extra-adrenal Pheochromocytoma –> develop in the paraganglion chromaffin tissue of the sympathetic nervous system.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Def of Pheochromocytoma

A

rare, catecholamine-secreting tumor derived from chromaffin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TTT of Primary Hyperaldosteronism

A
  • Surgical for adenoma
  • Medical for hyperplasia (Spironolactone and aldosterone receptor antagonist eplerenone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Incidence of Pheochromocytoma

A

0.01 - 0.1% of hypertensive population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rule of 10

  • Pheochromocytoma
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CP of Pheochromocytoma

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Managment of Pheochromocytoma

A

Surgical if resectable:
- Medical Pre-operative treatment is mandatory with Combined α & β blockade

  • Alpha blockade must precede beta blockade to avoid severe hypertension

If operation is not possible:
- long term Combined α and β blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dx of Pheochromocytoma

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is tyh screening test for Pheochromocytoma?

A

24h urinary catecholamine and metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Genetics in MEN1

A

MEN 1 is an AD disorder due to loss-of-function mutations of the MEN 1 gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glands commonly affected in MEN1

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tumors in MEN1

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Genetics in MEN2

A

AD condition due to activating mutations of the RET proto-oncogene

24
Q

MEN2A

A

MTC (medullary thyroid cancer) in combination with PCC (Pheochromocytoma) and parathyroid tumors.

25
Q

Glands commonly affected in MEN2

A

TUMORS in thyroid gland, parathyroid gland or adrenal gland

26
Q

MEN2B

A

MTC in association with PCC and mucosal neuromas, marfanoid habitus, megacolon

27
Q

Def of MEN

A
  • Is a group of disorders that affect the endocrine system.
  • There are tumors in multiple endocrine glands that may be malignant or benign and may cause the glands to become overactive and overproduce hormones.
28
Q

Genettics in MEN

A
  • Autosomal dominant inherited disorders
29
Q

Types of MEN

A
30
Q

what is another name for MEN1?

A

(Wermer syndrome)

31
Q

what is the most affected gland in MEN1?

A

parathyroid gland tumors

32
Q

What is th first affected gland in MEN1?

A

parathyroid gland tumors

33
Q

what are manefestations of hypercalcemia?

A
  • Neuropsychiatric
  • Renal Dysfunction
  • Musculoskeletal Symptoms
  • Gastrointestinal Abnormalities
  • Cardiovascular Disease
34
Q

Neuropsychiatric symptoms

  • Due to Hypercalcemia
A

 Anxiety, depression, cognitive dysfunction
 Lethargy, confusion → stupor, and Coma.

35
Q

MSK Symptoms

  • Due to Hypercalcemia
A

 Profound muscle weakness

 Bone pain due to reduction in cortical bone mass may occur in individuals with hyperparathyroidism.

36
Q

Renal Dysfunction

  • Due to Hypercalcemia
A
37
Q

GI Symptoms

  • Due to Hypercalcemia
A
  • Constipation, anorexia, nausea and peptic ulcer (calcium-induces increase in gastrin secretion).
  • In patients with MEN1 → Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may be present.
38
Q

CVS CP of Hypercalcemia

A
39
Q

Pituitary Gland tumors in MEN1

A
40
Q

Pancreatic tumors in MEN1

  • Site
  • Nature & Incidence
  • Types
A
41
Q

What are the symptoms of zes?

A

(due to elevated levels of gastrin):
 Peptic ulcers
 Inflammation of the esophagus
 Diarrhea and abdominal pain.

42
Q

what is the most common functional endocrine pancreatic tumor in MEN1? and what is the second most common? and what is the TTT?

A
43
Q

Adrenal Gland Tumors in MEN1

A

These tumors usually are benign.

44
Q

Other Types of tumors in MEN1

A
45
Q

what is another name of MEN2?

A

(Sipple syndrome)

46
Q

Mutations in MEN2

A

MEN2A and MEN2B are caused by mutations in the RET gene.

47
Q

what is the most commonly affected gland in MEN2?

A

People with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) have a 98 – 100 % chance of developing medullary thyroid cance

48
Q

Types of MEN2

A

MEN2 is divided into three types:
 Type 2A (MEN2A)
 Type 2B (MEN2B)
 Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (FMTC).

49
Q

MEN2A

A
50
Q

CP of MEN2B

A
51
Q

Dx of MEN

A
52
Q

TTT of MEN

A
53
Q

Surgical TTT of MEN

A
54
Q

Medical TTT of MEN

A

 If surgery not possible and post-operative replacement

 Recent drugs that target the mutant gen

55
Q

Radiation TTT of MEN

A

radiation therapy for tumor ablation

Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions