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Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 > L2: Infections in Immunocompromised > Flashcards

L2: Infections in Immunocompromised Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Introduction to Immune System

A
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2
Q

Major Components of Specific Immunity

A
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3
Q

Markers of T-Suppressor Normally & in HIV

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4
Q

what stimulates both B & T Cells?

A
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5
Q

Clonal Selection

A
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6
Q

Def of Immunocompromised person

A
  • Denoting an individual with deficient immunologic mechanisms either because of an immunodeficiency disorder or by immunosuppressive agents.
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7
Q

Def of Opportunistic
infection

A
  • An infection by a microorganism that normally does not cause disease but becomes pathogenic when the body’s immune system is impaired and unable to fight off infection, as in AlIDS and certain other diseases
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7
Q

Suspicion of immunodeficiency disorder

A
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8
Q

Types of Immunodeficiency

A

1ry & 2ry

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9
Q

Nature of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

Many of these disorders are hereditary and are autosomal recessive or X-linked.

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9
Q

Age in 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

Susceptibility to infections begins from childhood onward.

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9
Q

TTT of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

The treatment of primary immunodeficiency depends on the nature of the defect, and may involve
 Antibody infusions
 Long-term antibiotics
 Stem cell transplantation

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9
Q

Classification of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

They are generally grouped by the part of the immune system affected such as lymphocytes, granulocytes, T cells and B cells.

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9
Q

Another Name of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

Congenital

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10
Q

Types of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A
  • Hemoglobinopathy
  • Trisomy 21
  • Complement Deficiency
  • Phagocyte Deficiency
  • B-Cell Deficiency
  • T-Cell Deficiency
  • Combined B&T Cell Deficiency
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11
Q

Def of Hemoglobinopathy

A

A kind of genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule

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12
Q

Infections in Hemoglobinopathy

A
  • Common infectious agents are encapsulated organisms, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Others like salmonella sp., E-coli, H. Influenza, K. pneumonia, and Neisseria sp.
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13
Q

Infections Related to Trisomy 21

A
  • Trisomy 21 are linked to otitis media and upper respiratory infections, as well as to infections with Candida.
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14
Q

Infections Related to Complement Deficiency

A

 Cryptosporidia.
 Meningococcal infections.
 Invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.
 Bancroftian Filariasis.

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15
Q

Phagocyte Deficiency

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16
Q

Infections Related to Phagocyte Deficiency

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16
Q

Infection Related to T-Cell Defects

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16
Q

Infections Related to B-Cell Defects

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17
Q

CP of Patients with B&T-Cell Defects

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18
Infections Related to **B&T-Cell Defects**
19
Another Name of **2ry Immunodeficiency**
Acquired
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Causes of **2ry Immunodeficiency**
21
Chronic Disease Causes of **2ry Immunodeficiency**
CRF, LCF, DM
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Meds Causing **2ry Immunodeficiency**
- chemotherapy, anti TNF, PPI - Immunosuppressive drugs and glucocorticoids after organ transplants
23
Toxins Causing **2ry Immunodeficiency**
- Environmental toxins like mercury and other heavy metals, pesticides and petrochemicals
24
Cancers Causing **2ry Immunodeficiency**
(leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma).
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Infections Causing **2ry Immunodeficiency**
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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Infections Associated with **Malnutrition**
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Infections Associated with **Leukemia & Lymphoma**
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Infections Associated with Chronic Diseases
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Infections Associated with LCF
 E coli  Streptococci  S. aureus.
30
Infections Associated with DM
 S. aureus infection  Candidiasis
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Infections Associated with CRF
 S aureus  S pneumoniae  E coli
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Infections Associated with TTT & Meds
33
Infections Associated with drugs that decrease gastric acidity
- Salmonella sp. - V. cholera
34
Infections Associated with inhibitors of TNF
TB, HSV, toxoplasmosis, CMV and activation of occult HBV or HCV.
35
Infections Associated with Cortecosteroids
S. aureus, S pneumoniae.
36
Infections Associated with inhaled corticosteroids
 Oral candidiasis (thrush)  Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
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Infections Associated with Ogan Transplant
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Infections Associated with heart & Heart-Lung Transplant
Toxoplasma
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Infections Associated with Renal Transplant
Adenovirus
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Infections Associated with Stem Cell Transplantation
41
Infections Associated with asplenia
Polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria ( S pneumoniae )
42
Causes of asplenia
 Splenectomy  Sickle cell anemia
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What causes AIDS?
Caused by an infection by the HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus), which attacks and destroys T helper cells.
44
types of HIV
45
Severity of HIV is determined by
viral load CD4+ counts
46
As the CD4 count declines, the immune function .....
decreases
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INVs in HIV
48
HIV Chart
49
What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 400?
Herpes zoster & TB
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What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 300?
Oral Candidiasis
50
What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 200?
- Pneumocystic Carinii - Esophageal Candidiasis - Mucocutaneous Herpes
51
What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 100?
Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis, Coccidomycosis, Mycobacterium Avium, CMV
52
What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 50?
Cryptospeodiosis, PML
53
Examples of The oppurtunistic Infections in AIDS
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Fungal Infections in AIDS
55
Parasitic Infections in AIDS
56
Bacterial Infections in AIDS
57
Viral Infections in AIDS
58
Pictures of Infections in AIDS
59
How to Delay Progression of AIDS?
60
Most AIDS patients usually died from......
infections rather than original disorder
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........ is the Most Important part in the treatment of immune deficient patients
Managing opportunistic infections
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As a preventive measure, one must prevent these patients from getting exposed and getting the disease.
..
63
Criteria for Starting, Discontinuing, and Restarting Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis for Adults with HIV
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Sequelae of HIV
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Sequelae of HIV - After 4-6wks of infection
- Asymptomatic - Persistent Generalized lymphadenopathy
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Sequelae of HIV - After few months & Years
**AIDS related complex (ARC):** - Constitutional symptoms - Minor opportunistic infections as herpes simplex & candida **AIDS: "end stage"** - Constitutional symptoms - Major opportunistic infections as pneumocystistis carnii, pneumonia & Kaposi's sarcoma
67
Dx of HIV
68
Clinical Dx of HIV
69
Lab Dx of HIV

Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 (47 decks)

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