L26: Renal System IV

Question 1

the wall of the bladder

Answer 1

contains smooth muscle fibers that are connected by gap junctions and function as a unit

Question 2

fibers that are connection by gap junctions and function as a unit

Answer 2

detrusor muscle

Question 3

____ act as valves to regulate the flow of urine from the bladder

Answer 3

internal and external urethral sphincters

Question 4

___ reflex cause voiding of the bladder

Answer 4

micturition

Question 5

micturition reflex occurs when

Answer 5

the detrusor muscles contract and the internal and external urethral sphincters relax and open

Question 6

micturition is regulated

Answer 6

by a spinal reflex that can be overridden by voluntary control

Question 7

as the bladder fills, expansion of the wall is detected by ___ and transmitted to __

Answer 7

stretch receptors, the spinal cord

Question 8

in the spinal cord, signals are ___

Answer 8

relayed via interneurons to three sets of neurons that project back to the bladder and associated structures

Question 9

the neuronal signaling results in __

Answer 9

detrusor muscle contraction, increasing pressure on the bladder contents causing the internal urethral sphincter to open

Question 10

stretch receptors inhibit ___ allowing the ___ to open

Answer 10

sympathetic and somatic neuron activity, internal and external sphincter to open

Question 11

__ regulate sodium reabsorption

Answer 11

the hormones aldosterone and atrial natriutetic peptide (ANP)

Question 12

aldosterone release is regulated by

Answer 12

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 13

renin release is stimulated by

Answer 13

an increase in sympathetic nerve activity, a decrease in afferent arteriole pressure, or a decrease in sodium and chloride levels in the distal tubules

Question 14

renin converts

Answer 14

angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Question 15

ACE converts __ to ___

Answer 15

angiotensin I; angiotensin II

Question 16

___ stimulates aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex

Answer 16

angiotensin II

Question 17

aldosterone ___ sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

atrial natriuretic peptide is secreted by cells in __ in response to ___ caused by ___

Answer 18

in the atria, dissension of the atrial wall, increase in plasma volume

Question 19

ANP increases ___ and decreases ___, which increases ___

Answer 19

glomerular filtration rate; sodium reabsorption; sodium excretion