L8 & L9: Neurobiology II & III

Question 1

Parts of forebrain?

Answer 1

Cerebrum, diencephalon

Question 2

Parts of brain?

Answer 2

Forebrain, brain stem, cerebellum

Question 3

Parts of diencephalon?

Answer 3

Thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 4

Parts of brainstem?

Answer 4

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 5

What separates cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 5

Longitudinal fissure

Question 6

What connects cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 6

Corpus callosum

Question 7

Parts of cerebrum?

Answer 7

Cerebral hemispheres and deep subcortical nuclei

Question 8

What do basal nuclei do?

Answer 8

Modify movement

Question 9

Examples of basal nuclei

Answer 9

Putamen and caudate nucleus

Question 10

How many layers are in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 10

Six

Question 11

Does sensory information enter the cerebral cortex directly?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What are the four lobes of cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 12

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 13

What is the thalamus?

Answer 13

A cluster of nuclei cells

Question 14

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 14

Direct relay of all sensory information

Question 15

How is the damage of the thalamus called?

Answer 15

Synesthesia

Question 16

What are two major horns in the spinal cord?

Answer 16

Dorsal and ventral

Question 17

What are dorsal horns associated with?

Answer 17

Sensory neurons

Question 18

What are ventral horns associated with?

Answer 18

Motor neurons

Question 19

What tracts carry sensory information to the brain?

Answer 19

Ascending bundles

Question 20

What tracts carry commands to motor neurons?

Answer 20

Descending bundles

Question 21

where are bodies of afferent neurons located?

Answer 21

Dorsal root ganglia

Question 22

where are bodies of efferent neurons located?

Answer 22

spinal cord or brainstem

Question 23

PNS system is divided to?

Answer 23

into sensory and motor

Question 24

motor NS is divided to

Answer 24

autonomic and somatic

Question 25

autonomic is divided to

Answer 25

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 26

how many neurons are in the series for somatic NS?

Answer 26

just one

Question 27

how many neurons are in the series for autonomic NS?

Answer 27

two, pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic fibers

Question 28

what is the neurotransmitter for somatic NS?

Answer 28

acetylcholine

Question 29

what signals pass through somatic NS?

Answer 29

only excitatory

Question 30

what signals pass through autonomic NS?

Answer 30

excitatory and inhibitory

Question 31

what neurotransmitters are involved in autonomic NS?

Answer 31

between pre- and post-ganglionic – acetylcholine, between target and post-ganglionic – depending on the sympa/parasympa system

Question 32

sympathetic NS?

Answer 32

fight or flight

Question 33

parasympathetic NS?

Answer 33

rest or digest

Question 34

what does the occipital lobe control?

Answer 34

vision

Question 35

what does the frontal lobe control?

Answer 35

voluntary movement, personality, speech

Question 36

what does the parietal lobe control?

Answer 36

integration of sensory info, language comprehension

Question 37

what does the temporal lobe control?

Answer 37

smell, hearing, emotions, memory

Question 38

sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord from

Answer 38

thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 39

sympathetic ganglia form

Answer 39

two sympathetic trunks

Question 40

are sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglia close to targets?

Answer 40

parasympathetic

Question 41

parasympathetic fibers exit

Answer 41

from the brainstem and sacral regions

Question 42

what is the vagus nerve?

Answer 42

a nerve of the parasympathetic system that originates in the medulla oblongata and carries 75% of parasympathetic fibers

Question 43

what are cells with no axons involved in sympathetic NS?

Answer 43

chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla are modified sympathetic ganglion

Question 44

what do chromaffin cells release?

Answer 44

80% epinephrine, 20% norepinephrine

Question 45

alpha 1

Answer 45

constricts blood vessels

Question 46

beta 2

Answer 46

dilates blood vessels

Question 47

somatic NS receptors

Answer 47

nicotinic ACh-R

Question 48

auto parasympa NS receptors

Answer 48

muscarininc ACh-R

Question 49

auto sympa NS receptors

Answer 49

adrenergic

Question 50

pre-between-post receptors

Answer 50

nicotinic ACh-R