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BIOL 336 > L8 & L9: Neurobiology II & III > Flashcards

L8 & L9: Neurobiology II & III Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of forebrain?

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon

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2
Q

Parts of brain?

A

Forebrain, brain stem, cerebellum

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3
Q

Parts of diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus

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4
Q

Parts of brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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5
Q

What separates cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

What connects cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

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7
Q

Parts of cerebrum?

A

Cerebral hemispheres and deep subcortical nuclei

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8
Q

What do basal nuclei do?

A

Modify movement

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9
Q

Examples of basal nuclei

A

Putamen and caudate nucleus

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10
Q

How many layers are in the cerebral cortex?

A

Six

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11
Q

Does sensory information enter the cerebral cortex directly?

A

No

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12
Q

What are the four lobes of cerebral hemispheres?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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13
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

A cluster of nuclei cells

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14
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Direct relay of all sensory information

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15
Q

How is the damage of the thalamus called?

A

Synesthesia

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16
Q

What are two major horns in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal and ventral

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17
Q

What are dorsal horns associated with?

A

Sensory neurons

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18
Q

What are ventral horns associated with?

A

Motor neurons

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19
Q

What tracts carry sensory information to the brain?

A

Ascending bundles

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20
Q

What tracts carry commands to motor neurons?

A

Descending bundles

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21
Q

where are bodies of afferent neurons located?

A

Dorsal root ganglia

22
Q

where are bodies of efferent neurons located?

A

spinal cord or brainstem

23
Q

PNS system is divided to?

A

into sensory and motor

24
Q

motor NS is divided to

A

autonomic and somatic

25
Q

autonomic is divided to

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

26
Q

how many neurons are in the series for somatic NS?

A

just one

27
Q

how many neurons are in the series for autonomic NS?

A

two, pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic fibers

28
Q

what is the neurotransmitter for somatic NS?

A

acetylcholine

29
Q

what signals pass through somatic NS?

A

only excitatory

30
Q

what signals pass through autonomic NS?

A

excitatory and inhibitory

31
Q

what neurotransmitters are involved in autonomic NS?

A

between pre- and post-ganglionic –acetylcholine, between target and post-ganglionic – depending on the sympa/parasympa system

32
Q

sympathetic NS?

A

fight or flight

33
Q

parasympathetic NS?

A

rest or digest

34
Q

what does the occipital lobe control?

A

vision

35
Q

what does the frontal lobe control?

A

voluntary movement, personality, speech

36
Q

what does the parietal lobe control?

A

integration of sensory info, language comprehension

37
Q

what does the temporal lobe control?

A

smell, hearing, emotions, memory

38
Q

sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord from

A

thoracic and lumbar regions

39
Q

sympathetic ganglia form

A

two sympathetic trunks

40
Q

are sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglia close to targets?

A

parasympathetic

41
Q

parasympathetic fibers exit

A

from the brainstem and sacral regions

42
Q

what is the vagus nerve?

A

a nerve of the parasympathetic system that originates in the medulla oblongata and carries 75% of parasympathetic fibers

43
Q

what are cells with no axons involved in sympathetic NS?

A

chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla are modified sympathetic ganglion

44
Q

what do chromaffin cells release?

A

80% epinephrine, 20% norepinephrine

45
Q

alpha 1

A

constricts blood vessels

46
Q

beta 2

A

dilates blood vessels

47
Q

somatic NS receptors

A

nicotinic ACh-R

48
Q

auto parasympa NS receptors

A

muscarininc ACh-R

49
Q

auto sympa NS receptors

A

adrenergic

50
Q

pre-between-post receptors

A

nicotinic ACh-R

BIOL 336 (20 decks)

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