L35_DNA Viruses 2

Question 1

Name some infections that herpesviruses cause?

Answer 1

Chickenpox, mononucleosis, Birth Defects, Cancer

Question 2

How many human herpes viruses are there?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

What strain is genital herpes, above the waist?

Answer 3

HSV 2 (genital)
HSV 1 (above waist)

Question 4

describe the genome of herpes virus

Answer 4

Liner dsDNA

Question 5

How does herpes virus enter the cell?

Answer 5

It binds to surface proteins and fuses or is endocytosed.

Question 6

Where does herpes virus capsid uncoat?

Answer 6

The nuclear pore

Question 7

What happens to the herpesvirus genome when it enters the nucleus?

Answer 7

It circularizes

Question 8

Describe the stages of transcription of herpersvirus

Answer 8

Immediate Early (Transcription factors), Early (replication proteins), Late (capsid proteins)

Question 9

Where is the capsid formed for new herpes virus virions?

Answer 9

In the nucleus

Question 10

What polymerase is used for replication of herpesvirus?

Answer 10

The viral DNA polymerase

Question 11

How does Herpesvirus egress?

Answer 11

exocytosis

Question 12

Do all herpesviruses have the same tissue tropism?

Answer 12

NO

Question 13

Where does herpesvirus get its envelope?

Answer 13

First from nuclear membrane, then it gets its tegument, then gets a second envelope from the trans golgi network.

Question 14

Is the cell killed in the production of herpesvirus?

Answer 14

Not necessarily, cells can shed virions without being killed

Question 15

What is the definition of latency

Answer 15

The genome is present in a cell but infectious virions are absent.

Question 16

When does latency occur?

Answer 16

Immediately upon infection, before any symptoms present, this is why we can get rid of it once its there.

Question 17

How is HSV1 spread?

Answer 17

Spread by close contact with active lesions or asymptomatic shedding

Question 18

What type of infection usually occurs in children with HSV1?

Answer 18

Gingivostomatitis (lesions on mouth, face, nose, and eyes)

Question 19

What cells does herpes virus become latent for life for both HSV1 and HSV2?

Answer 19

Neurons (terminal non-differentiated)

Question 20

What is the prodrome of recurrent HSV1?

Answer 20

Tingling and itching

Question 21

What can trigger an HSV1 recurrent outbreak?

Answer 21

Fever, sunlight, hormones, stress, physical trauma, etc.

Question 22

Where do recurrent mouth lesions originate from?

Answer 22

Trigeminal ganglion.

Question 23

What part of brain to HSV viruses tend to target?

Answer 23

The temporal lobe

Question 24

What type of neurological infections can HSV cause in primary and secondary infections?

Answer 24

Primary- meningitis (stiff neck and headache)

Secondary- Encephalitis (Fever and Neurological symptoms)

Question 25

How is HSV2 spread?

Answer 25

Spread by close contact between mucous membranes (genital and/or oral)

Question 26

What are the symptoms of HSV2

Answer 26

many lesions, pain, itching, fever, malaise, headache (usually but not always below waist

Question 27

Are double infections with HSV1 and 2 common?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

How can you distinguish between HSV 1 and 2 in the lab?

Answer 28

Serology or PCR

Question 29

Is there a way to control outbreaks?

Answer 29

Yes you can decrease or suppress outbreaks, many drug is Valtrex

Question 30

Is there a vaccine for herpes simplex?

Answer 30

NO

Question 31

How can you prevent HSV spread.

Answer 31

Safe Sex, Avoid contact with clear outbreaks, use valtrex and famvir to prevent outbreaks

Question 32

What disease can be a reoccurrence of varicella at a later age?

Answer 32

Shingles (Herpes Zooster)

Question 33

What does VZV stand for?

Answer 33

Varicella Zooster Virus

Question 34

How is VZV spread?

Answer 34

Aerosol transmission (highly contagious)

Question 35

Where does VZV establish latency and when?

Answer 35

Dorsal root ganglion before rash appearance

Question 36

What patterns do recurrent Herpes Zooster outbreaks follow?

Answer 36

Along the dermatome of the affected DRG.

Question 37

Do opiates help with shingles?

Answer 37

NO because the nerve itself is affected

Question 38

What are some complications of Shingles

Answer 38

Bell's Palsy, Postherpetic Neuralgia, retinitis

Question 39

What are some complications of Chicken Pox?

Answer 39

Hepatitis, Encephalitis, Pneumonitis, Bacterial infection.

Question 40

How is VZV diagnosed?

Answer 40

Clinical signs are distinctive, PCR, antigen, serology kits.

Question 41

How are VZV and Zoster treated?

Answer 41

No treatment required for uncomplicated VZV. Zoster treatment only effective during first 3 days of outbreak

Question 42

How can Varicella be prevented?

Answer 42

2 dose Varicella Vaccine. Can give a booster to patients over 50 to prevent Zoster.

Question 43

How is Epstein Barr Virus transmitted?

Answer 43

By Saliva

Question 44

What type of cells does Epstein Barr Virus infect?

Answer 44

Oral epithelial and B-cells in tonsils

Question 45

Where does EBV stay latent?

Answer 45

In B-cells in tonsils

Question 46

What is the most typical manifestation of EBV

Answer 46

Mononucleosis

Question 47

What are the symptoms of mono

Answer 47

Fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged spleen

Question 48

Who is must susceptible to recurrence of EBV

Answer 48

immunosuppressed people

Question 49

What type of sequelae does recurrent EBV cause?

Answer 49

malignancies, Oral Hairy Leokoplakia

Question 50

How do you treat EBV?

Answer 50

You treat the symptoms because there are no antivirals for this virus

Question 51

How do you test for EBV?

Answer 51

Clinical signs, serology for heterophile (react non specifically) antibodies, blood smears for elevated WBC and atypical lymphocytes

Question 52

What does CMV stand for?

Answer 52

Cytomegalovirus

Question 53

How does CMV enter body?

Answer 53

Many ways, just about all you can think of, its everywhere in the body

Question 54

How does CMV manifest in most people?

Answer 54

50-95% are asymtomatic

Question 55

People who do have CMV symptoms show what signs?

Answer 55

Looks a lot like mono but without sore throat. (Fever, Jaundice, diffuse lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, rash)

Question 56

What is one of the primary causes of deafness?

Answer 56

in utero CMV during gestation

Question 57

What is the highest risk population for CMV

Answer 57

Pregnant women who have not had CMV before, leads to congenital CMV

Question 58

Is there a vaccine for CMV?

Answer 58

No

Question 59

Are there drugs that can be taken for CMV?

Answer 59

Yes but they are very toxic

Question 60

What cells does CMV infect?

Answer 60

Immune, T-cells, macrophages

Question 61

Where is Roseola latent

Answer 61

CD4 Tcells

Question 62

How is Roseola transmitted?

Answer 62

Saliva

Question 63

How does roseola present?

Answer 63

3 days high fever, followed by a faint rash on the trunk

Question 64

is roseola rash contagious?

Answer 64

No

Question 65

Is Herpes virus enveloped?

Answer 65

Yes

Question 66

What herpes strains cause roseola?

Answer 66

HHV 6 and 7