L7/L8

Question 1

Endothelium of Vasculature definition

Answer 1

epithelial cells that make up inner layer of blood vessels

Question 2

the endothelium is surrounded by ___ which does _

Answer 2

basement membrane which supports cells

Question 3

basement membrane is surrouned by ___ which does _

Answer 3

smooth muscle which is responsible for vasoconstriction and dilation

Question 4

smooth muscle cells are surrounded by __ which does _

Answer 4

connective tissue
>elastic: stretches with incoming blood
>fibrous: fights the pressure from blood flow

Question 5

vascular tone

Answer 5

partial contrcation of blood vessles in smooth muscles

Question 6

Types of Arteries

Answer 6

• elastic

- muscular

Question 7

elastic vs muscular arteries

Answer 7

-elastic
>have more elastic connective tissue
>large diameter

-muscular
>have more smooth muscles
>medium diameter

Question 8

elastic arteries function

Answer 8

pressure reservoirs

>stretch to store pressure & recoil to release

Question 9

muscular arteries function

Answer 9

vasocontriction/dilation and distributing blood to organs

Question 10

large vs small arterioles

Answer 10

-large: have less fibrous connective tissue
-small: smaller diamter making it a resistance vessel
>increased blood flow resistance b/c increased friction

Question 11

capillaires function

Answer 11

exchange vessels

>because exchange nutrients and waste between blood and tissue cells

Question 12

capillaries structure

Answer 12

thin walls with pores in endothelial to basement membrane

Question 13

capillary bed

Answer 13

10-100 capillaries

Question 14

metarteriole

Answer 14

in capillary bed can bypass it

Question 15

at capillary junction with arterioles or metarterioles there are

Answer 15

precapillary sphincters
>they open and close to impact blood flow
>usualy 5-10 times per minute (vasomotion)

Question 16

capillary types

Answer 16

• continuous
• fenestrated
• sinusoids

Question 17

continuous capiilaries function

Answer 17

PM is continous with intercellular clefts

>ion/water permeable

Question 18

continuous capiilaries location

Answer 18

muscle, connective tissue and lungs

Question 19

fenestrated capillaires function

Answer 19

have fenestrations (cyclindrical pores that increase permeability)

Question 20

fenestrated capillaires location

Answer 20

kidneys, small intestine and endocrine glands

Question 21

sinusoids capillaires function

Answer 21

wide/winding with large fenestrations

>very permeable

Question 22

sinusoid capillaries location

Answer 22

bone marrow, spleen and liver

Question 23

venules post capillary vs larger

Answer 23

• post capillary: samller, endothelium & basement membrane with pores
• larger: thick walls, smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

Question 24

veins layers

Answer 24

-less elastic connective tissue and less smooth muscle than other vasculature

Question 25

veins structure

Answer 25

valves prevent back flow | >malfunction leads to varicose veins

Question 26

what is the relationship between veins and skeletal musclels

Answer 26

skeletal muscles contract to help move blood back to the heart (skeletal muscle pimp)

Question 27

what is milking your veins | >valves?

Answer 27

stand on your tippy toes then on your heel | > distal valve -(blood)-> poximal valve

Question 28

blood reservoirs

Answer 28

mostly systemic veins and venules (64% of blood) | >increased activity -> venoconstriction -> reduced blood reserves -> increased blood flow to skeletal muscles

Question 29

Diffusion in capillaries purpose

Answer 29

diffuse nutrients, gases and wastes between blood and interstital fluid

Question 30

what kind of capillaries allow diffusion of plasma proteins and blood cells

Answer 30

sinusoids | >via intercellualr clefts

Question 31

transcytosis (rarer) in capillaries

Answer 31

blood -(substances)-> vesicle -(endocytosis) -> endothelial cells -> (exocytosis) >ex: hormones and antibodies

Question 32

bulk flow in capillaries definition

Answer 32

greater movement rates than diffuse BUT passive transport >blood capillaries -(filtration)-> interstitial fluid >blood capillaires interstital fluid

Question 33

Starling forces

Answer 33

``` -pressures that determine bulkflow >capillary hydrostatic >interstitial fluid hydrostatic >plasma colloid osmotic >interstital fluid colloid osmotic ```

Question 34

net filtration pressure in capillaries definition

Answer 34

indicates direciton of fluid movement > + means outward > - means inward

Question 35

net filtration pressure in capillaries formula

Answer 35

NFP = (capillary hydrostatic + interstitial fluid colloid osmotic) - (plasma colloid osmotic + interestital fluid hydrostatic)

Question 36

Lymphatic system components

Answer 36

lymph, lympathic vessels, lymphoid organs/tissues

Question 37

lymphatic system functions

Answer 37

>drains excess interestitial fluid: via lymapthatic vessels >returns filtered plasma proteins to blood: via lymphatic capillaires (increases permeability) >carries out immune response (microbes & adnormal cells) >transports dietary lipids: GI tract to blood (via lymphatic vessels)

Question 38

lymphatic capillaries vs blood capillaries

Answer 38

>more permeable (endothelial cells do not attached end to end) >larger

Question 39

lymphatic vessels vs veins

Answer 39

>thinner walls | >both have valves

Question 40

lymph fluid flow

Answer 40

>blood capillaires -(blood)-> interstital spaces -(interstitual fluid)-> lymphatic capillaries -(lymph)-> larger lymphatic vessels -(lymph)-> venous circulation

Question 41

lymph fluid mechanisms of flow

Answer 41

>smooth miscle contractions >skeletal muscle pump >respiratory pump

Question 42

capillary hydrostatic | filtration or reabsorption?

Answer 42

filtration

Question 43

capillary hydrostatic what is it?

Answer 43

pressure from water on outter capillaries

Question 44

interstitial fluid hydrostatic filtration or reabsorption?

Answer 44

reabsorption

Question 45

interstitial fluid hydrostatic what is it?

Answer 45

pressure from water on outer capillaries

Question 46

capillary plasma colloid osmotic filtration or reabsorption?

Answer 46

reabsorption

Question 47

plasma colloid osmotic what is it?

Answer 47

plasma in blood

Question 48

interstital fluid colloid osmotic filtration or reabsorption?

Answer 48

filtration

Question 49

interstital fluid colloid osmotic what is it?

Answer 49

plasma in interstitial fluid