Lecture 1/2 textbook notes

Question 1

pulmonary vs systemic circulation (basic concept)

Answer 1

P: moves blood to and from the lungs
S: moves blood to and from organs (not lungs)

Question 2

pulmonary vs systemic circulation (veins)

Answer 2

P: veins move oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart
S: veins move deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

Question 3

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

right heart -(deoxygenated blood)-> lungs (air sacs) -(oxygenated blood)-> left side of heart

Question 4

Systemic circulation

Answer 4

left heart -(oxygenated blood)-> all organs/tissues (not lungs) -(deoxygenated blood)-> right heart

Question 5

Blood Flow from arties to veins

Answer 5

heart -> arties -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> heart

Question 6

arties

Answer 6

carry blood away from heart

Question 7

arterioles

Answer 7

branched arteries

Question 8

capillaries

Answer 8

branched arterioles

>exchange gas, nutrients & waste between blood and surrounding tissue

Question 9

venules

Answer 9

blood enters them via capillaries (large vessels)

Question 10

veins

Answer 10

carry blood from venules to heart (smaller than venules)

Question 11

parallel flow definition

Answer 11

blood flows through circulatory system in parallel pathways

>blood flow only to 1 organ at a time

Question 12

parallel flow path

Answer 12

heart -(artery)-> organ -(capillaries)-(veins)-> heart

Question 13

parallel flow path benefits

Answer 13

• fresh blood supply

- independent organ regulation

Question 14

portal system (exception to parallel flow)

Answer 14

organ -(capillary network)-(portal vein)-(capillary network) -> heart

Question 15

portal vein function

Answer 15

blood vessel that delivers blood to the liver from the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas

Question 16

location of the heart

Answer 16

thoracic cavity with its mass to the left of the body’s midline

Question 17

pericardium function

Answer 17

membranous sac that keeps heart flexibly in place

Question 18

pericardium layers

Answer 18

-parietal layer -(pericardial cavity)- visceral/epicardium layer-heart

Question 19

pericardium parietal layer

Answer 19

• surrounded by tough fibrous coat of connective tissue

- attaches heart to cavity

Question 20

pericardium pericardial cavity

Answer 20

contains pericardial fluid which reduces heart beat friction within the pericardium

Question 21

pericardium visceral/epicardium layer

Answer 21

adheres to surface of heart

Question 22

heart wall layers

Answer 22

(pericardium)-epicardium—myocardium—endocardium-(inside of heart)

Question 23

heart wall’s epicardium/visceral layer

Answer 23

made of epithelium and connective tissue

Question 24

heart wall’s myocardium

Answer 24

thick cardiac muscle that pumps heart

Question 25

heart wall's endocardium

Answer 25

lines heart chambers & covers heart valves | >contains heart vessels: endothelial cells/ endothelium/blood & lymphatic vessels

Question 26

Heart Chambers

Answer 26

has two atria and two ventricles | -left heart and right heart have one of each

Question 27

left heart

Answer 27

pumps for systemic circulation

Question 28

right heart

Answer 28

pumps for pulmonary circulation

Question 29

muscular partition/septum

Answer 29

separates the right and left heart

Question 30

heart wall's myocardium thickness

Answer 30

- atria are thin b/c they pump shorter distances and require less pressure - ventricles are thick because they pump for greater distances and require more pressure

Question 31

greater blood vessels

Answer 31

- superior/inferior vena cava - pulmonary trunk/arteries/veins - aorta

Question 32

superior vs inferior vena cava

Answer 32

- superior: brings blood from body parts above the heart | - inferior: brings blood from body parts below the heart

Question 33

Pathway of deoxygenated blood from body parts to lungs

Answer 33

Vena Cavas -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs (alveoli)

Question 34

Pathway of oxygenated blood from lungs to body parts

Answer 34

Lungs (alveoli) -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> arteries -> body parts (not alveoli)

Question 35

Atrioventricular Valves types

Answer 35

- tricuspid | - bicuspid/mitral

Question 36

tricuspid valve

Answer 36

right atrium -> right ventricle

Question 37

bicuspid/mitral valve

Answer 37

left atrium -> left ventricle

Question 38

AV valves opening vs closing

Answer 38

AV valves -( chordae tendineae )- papillary muscles >opening: muscles relax because atria pressure > ventricle pressure >closing: muscles contract because atria pressure < ventricles pressure

Question 39

semilunar valves types

Answer 39

- pulmonary valve | - aortic valve

Question 40

pulmonary valve

Answer 40

right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk

Question 41

aortic valve

Answer 41

left ventricle -> left aorta

Question 42

SL valves opening and closing

Answer 42

- blood in pulmonary trunk or left aorta causes the valves to passively shut due to shape of valves - open: ventricle pressure > arterial pressure - close: ventricle pressure < arterial pressure

Question 43

fibrous heart skeleton structure

Answer 43

connective heart wall tissue | >4 rings that surround heart valves

Question 44

fibrous heart skeleton function

Answer 44

>structural foundation >overstretching prevention >attachment point for cardiac muscles fibers >insulator between atria and ventricles

Question 45

coronary circulation function

Answer 45

supplies (arteries) and drains (veins) heart wall blood supply

Question 46

coronary pathway

Answer 46

aorta -> coronary arteries -> capillaries -> coronary veins -> coronary sinus -> drains in right atrium

Question 47

The heart is bordered by the ______ anteriorly,

Answer 47

sternum (breastbone)

Question 48

The heart is bordered by the _____laterally

Answer 48

lungs

Question 49

The heart is bordered by the________posteriorly

Answer 49

vertebral column

Question 50

The heart is bordered by the ____ inferiorly

Answer 50

diaphragm

Question 51

interventricular septum

Answer 51

the part of the septum between the two ventricles

Question 52

interatrial septum

Answer 52

The part of the septum located between the two atria