Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology > L9/L10 > Flashcards

L9/L10 Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Force Forumla

A

Force = change in pressure/resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_ pressure = _ blood flow

A

increased pressure causes increased blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_ resistance = _ blood flow

A

increased pressure causes decread blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Resistance in blood vessels formula

A

R = [(blood viscosity)(blood vessel lenght)]/(raidus of of blood vessel)^4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

total peripheral resistance (TPR) definition

A

systemic vascular resistance of blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

poiseuille’s law

A

Force =
[ (pi) (change in pressure) (radius of blood vessel)^4 ]
/
[ 8 (blood viscosity) (blood vessel lenght) ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

laminar blood flow vs turbulent blood flow

A

L: smooth, strealine manner
> parallel to axis of blood vessel

T: blood moves at various angles to the vessel axis
>creates sounds
>increased resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure (Blood Pressure)

A

the force exerted by the blood confined within blood vessels or heart chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pulse definition

A

pulse is caused blood being ejected from ventricles causing arteries to bulge and relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pulse formula

A

pulse pressure = systolic - diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mean arterial pressure formula

A

MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3 (systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cardiac output equation (flow)

A

cardiac output = mean aterial pressure
/
total peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vascular Compliance Definition

A

ability of blood vessels to stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vascular Compliance

>transmural pressure formula

A

pressure outside - pressure inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vascular compliance formula

A

compliance = change in volume
/
change in transmural pressure

*transmural pressure = Pin - Pout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compliance in veins and arteries

A

veins can stretch a lot (high compliance)

arteries do not really stretch (low compliance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

velocity is ___ portional to _____

A

inversely & cross-sectional area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

velocity formula

A

V= force
/
cross sectional area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is velocity slowest in vasculature

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where is velocity fastest in vasculature

A

aorta and venae cavae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

circulation time

A

how much time it takes 1 drop of blood to:

right atrium -(pulmonary circulation)->left atrium -(systemic circulation)-> foot -(systemic circulation)-> right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Factors that increase venous return

A
  • venous valves
  • respiratory pump
  • venoconstrction
  • skeletal muscle pump
  • venous pressure gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

factors that decrease venous return

A

-gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

decreased venous return means

A

-increased right atrium/ventricle pressure

>causes: leaky triscup valve or increased gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where does the blood go (cardiac output) after leaving the right ventricle
100 % go to the lungs
26
left Ventricle receiveing cardiac output
fraction go to organs (not lungs) | >task dependent
27
vascular tone definition
partial contraction/relaxation of arteriole setting a baseline
28
vascular tone function
principal method of regulating blood flow to different organs of the body
29
Intrinsic control definition
-mechanisms within an organ that regulate blood flow
30
intrinsic control mechanism
adjusts arteriole radii to meet specific metabolic demand
31
autoregulation
the ability to have constant blood flow with changing arterial pressures
32
physical changes related to intrinsic control
- vasodilation - vasocontriction - myogenic response
33
myogenic response function
- increases contraction when stretching | - decreases contraction when relaxation
34
myogenic mechanism for vasoconstriction
1. increased arteriole pressure -> smooth muscle stretch (arteriolar wall) -> mecahnically-gated channels open (muscle membrane) -> Ca 2+ influx 2. Ca 2+ + calmodulin -> complex -> activates enzyme myosin-light chain kinase -> phosphorylates myosin -> activated myosin 3. activated myosin + actin -> smooth muscle contraction -> vasoconstriction -> negates inital stretch of arteriole -> constant blood flow
35
myogenic mechanism for vasodilation
decreased arterial blood pressure -> decreased stretching -> relaxation -> vasodilation
36
intrinsic control local mediators for vasodilation
paracrines (chemical mediators) >vasodilators: Co2, K+, H+. adenosine and NO -inflammation: body kinin, histamine and protacyclin >increased oxygen
37
intrinsic control local mediators for vasoconstriction
paracrines (chemical mediators) >vasoconstrictors: thromboxne A2, superoxide radicals, serotonin & endothelin >decreased oxygen
38
vasodilation with adenosine mechanism
1. adenosine + A2A purinergic receptor (sarcolemma smooth muscle of coronary arteriole) -> Gs activated - > stimulates adenylyl cyclase -> increase cAMP 2. cAMP + protein kinsae ->K+ATP channeels phosphorylated (sarcolemma) -> opens -> K+ ion outflux -> hyperpolarization -> L-type voltage-gate Ca2+ channels close 3. Ca2+ cannot enter cell -> relaxed smooth muscles -> vasodilation
39
Extrinsic Control definition
control from outside the organ
40
Extrinsic Control types
-nerves >sympathetic and parasympathetic -hormones
41
extrinsic control from sympathetic nerves
location (innervates): arterioles > a1-adrenergic receptors: NE > E (vasoconstriction of kidneys & digestive tract) > B2--adrenergic receptors:: NE < E (vasodilation of heart & skeletal muscle)
42
extrinsic control from parasympathetic nerves
>location: external genitalia | >Ach and NO
43
extrinsic control from hormones
NE & E from adrenal medulla
44
Cardiovascular center location
medulla oblongata
45
Cardiovascular center function
regulate mean arterial blood pressure via heart rate, contractility and blood vessel radius
46
cardiostimulatory center
increase heart rate
47
cardioinhibitory center
decrease heart rate
48
vasomotor center
regulate blood vessel radius
49
cardiovascular center gets input from:
>proprioceptors >baroreceptors (blood vessels, pressure and stretch) > chemoreceptors -(glossopharyneal X nerve)-> cerebral cortex -> limibic system -> hypothalamus -> cardiovascular center
50
cardiovascular center output from sympathetic nervous system
CV center -> spinal cord 1a. ---(vasomotor nerve) ---> blood vessel smooth muscle 1b. --- (cardiac accelerator nerve) ---> SA/AV node & ventricular myocardium
51
cardiovascular center output from parasympathetic nervous system
CV center -(vagus X) -> SA/AV node
52
Baroreceptor location in mean arteriole pressure
>aorta (internal carotid arteries) >large neck >chest arteries
53
How Baroreceptor report decreased mean arteriole pressure | to CV center (reflexes)
decreased blood pressure -> decreased stretching -> baroreceptors (carotid sinus) -> decrease action potential -(glossopharyngeal IX)-> CV center
54
How does the baroreceptor report increased mean arteriole pressure to the cv center (reflexes)
increased blood pressure -> increased stretching -> baroreceptors (carotid sinus) -> increased action potential -(glossopharyngeal IX)-> CV center
55
carotid sinus
regulates brain blood pressure via small widening of carotid artery
56
orthostatic (postural) hypotension
decreased systemic blood pressure when standing up
57
chemoreceptor locaation
>carotid/aortic bodies near aorta arch/carotid sinus
58
chemoreceptor function
detect blood levels: O2, Co2 and H+
59
chemoreceptors reflex
>sympathetic stimualtion when: decreased O2 or increased Co2/H+
60
NE role in cardiovascular system
- cardiac output - total peripheral resistance - increases vasoconstriction - increase heart rate/contractility - increase blood pressure
61
E role in cardiovascular system
- cardiac output - total peripheral resistance - increases vasoconstriction/dilation - increase heart rate/contractility - increase blood pressure
62
Angiorensin II is antagonistic to _ and _
Atrial natriureitc peptide and No
63
aldosterone is antagonistic to _
atrial natriuretic peptide
64
Shock definition
failure of cardiovascular system to deliver enough O2/nutrients to meet cellular metabolic needs
65
Shock types
- hypovolemic - cardiogenic - vascular - obstructive
66
Hypovolemic shock
-decreased blood volume | >caused by hemorrhage, loss of body fluids and diabetes
67
cardiogenic shock
-decreased heart function >causes: excessice preload or afterload, impaired contractility, myocardial infraction, ischemia, heart vavle issues and arrhythmia
68
vascular shock
-inappropriate vasodilations | >causes: decreased total peripheral resistance, anaphylatic/allergies, trauma to CV center, neurogenic and spetic
69
obstructive shock
-obstruction of blood flow | >causes: pulmoaru embolism -> clot in lung/blood vessel
70
Responses to shock | -renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system
-activation of renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system (triggered by decreased blood flow to kidneys) >hormones increases Na+ reabsorption -> water reabosorption -> increased blood volume -> increases blood pressure
71
Responses to shock | -ADH
-triggered by decrease blood pressure | >ADH -> increases water reabsorption in kidneys -> conserves blood volume -> vasocontriction
72
Responses to shock | -ANS sympathetic
-ANS >triggered by baroreceptors >releases NE and E >vasocontriction, icnreased heart rate and contractility
73
Reponses to shock | - local vasodilators
-relax precapillary spincters -> increases blood flow BUT decreases blood pressure (decreased total peripheral resistance)
74
Typically response to shock are _ feedback
negative
75
max amount of blood loss body can compensate for
10%
76
Shock symptoms decreases in:
-decreased: systolic blood pressure, pulse, skin temperature, urine, pH, digestive organ activity
77
Shock symptoms increases in:
-increased: resting heart rate, E/NE blood concentration, sweating, vasoconstriction, thrist, nausea
78
hyperemia
when blood flow to a tissue increases
79
active hyperemia
blood flow to a tissue increases in response to an increase in metabolic activity
80
reactive hyperemia
blood flow to a tissue increases in response to a temporary blockage of the blood supply to that area
81
Activation of the β2 receptors causes the arterioles to __
to vasodilate
82
Activation of the α1 receptors causes the arterioles to __
to vascoconstrict
83
Factor Influencing Blood Pressure | >Cardiac Output (neurotransmitters)
Norepinephrine Epinephrine | >Increased heart rate and contractility therefore increasing blood pressure
84
Factor Influencing Blood Pressure | >Total Peripheral Resistance (vasoconstriction)
Angiotensin II, Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) Norepinephrine* Epinephrine† >increase blood pressure
85
Factor Influencing Blood Pressure | >Total Peripheral Resistance (vasodilation)
Atrial natriuretic peptide, Epinephrine†, Nitric oxide | >decrease blood pressure
86
Factor Influencing Blood Pressure | > Blood Volume (increase)
Aldosterone Antidiuretic hormone | >increases blood pressure
87
Factor Influencing Blood Pressure | > Blood Volume (decrease)
Atrial natriuretic peptide | >decreases blood pressure

Cardiovascular Physiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions