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LA12 Flashcards

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1
Q

TSI means?

A

Triple Sugar Iron Test

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2
Q

TSI test is used to differentiate what

A

-Gram neg based on carbohydrate fermentation
-Gas production
-hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production

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3
Q

TSI contains what type of sugars?

A

-Glucose (0.1%)
-Lactose (1%)
-Sucrose (1%)

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4
Q

pH indicator of TSI

A

Phenol Red

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5
Q

what type of tube is performed for TSI

A

Slant and butt tube

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6
Q

how should TSI be reported

A

A/A, H2S, Gas

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7
Q

what is the color if its alkaline

A

red

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8
Q

color if its acid

A

yellow

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9
Q

Glucose fermenters (K/A)

A

reaction: alkaline (red) over acid butt (yellow)

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10
Q

examples of bacteria in Glucose fermenter (K/A)

A

Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
oxytoca, K. pneumoniae

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11
Q

Nonfermenters (K/K or K/NC)

A

-K/K (red slant, red butt): Peptones are metabolized both
aerobically and anaerobically.
-K/NC (red slant, no change in butt): Peptones are metabolized
aerobically only.

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12
Q

Nonfermenter bacteria examples

A

Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp.

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13
Q

Gas production

A

Reaction: presence of Bubbles, cracks, or agar displacement

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14
Q

example of bacterias in a Gas production

A

Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
oxytoca, K. pneumoniae (some strains may not produce gas)

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15
Q

Glucose Fermenter with H2S Production (K/A, H2S Positive)

A

Reaction: Alkaline slant (red) over acid butt (yellow) with black precipitate

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16
Q

example of bacteria in (K/A, H2S Positive)

A

Citrobacter freundii, Edwardsiella tarda, Proteus mirabilis,
Salmonella spp. (variable reactions)

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17
Q

Glucose, Lactose, and/or Sucrose Fermenter with H2S Production (A/A,
H2S Positive)

A

Reaction: Acid slant (yellow) over acid butt (yellow) with black precipitate

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18
Q

example of bacterias present in (A/A,
H2S Positive)

A

Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris (variable
reactions)

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19
Q

Nonfermenter with H2S Production (K/NC, H2S Positive)

A

Reaction: Alkaline slant (red) over no change in butt (K/NC) with black
precipitate

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20
Q

(K/NC, H2S Positive) example of bacteria present

A

Shewanella spp.

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21
Q

what is the indication if Gas is present in the test

A

Indicated by bubbles, cracks, or agar displacement.

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22
Q

indication of H2S if present in the test

A

Indicated by blackening of the butt due to ferrous sulfide
formation.

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23
Q

what is the environment requirement of H2S

A

Requires an acidic environment, confirming acid butt (even if
hidden by black precipitate).

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24
Q

is a biochemical test used to
differentiate bacteria based on their ability to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine, as well as their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

A

LIA Test

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25
indication if the organism ferments glucose
medium turns yellow in butt (acid production)
26
indication if organism produces lysine decarboxylase
turns the butt back to an alkaline (purple) state.
27
what is the positive indication of Lysine decarboxylation
purple slant/ purple butt (alkaline/Alkaline); reaction may be masked by H2S production.
28
which part of the butt/slant tube can detect lysine decarboxylation
detected in butt
29
negative result of LIA
Purple slant/ yellow butt (acid) -indicating glucose fermentation only
30
indication of positive in lysine deamination
Red slant
31
which part of the butt/slant tube can detect lysine deamination
detected on slant
32
indication of negative in lysine deamination
slant remains purple
33
biochemical test used to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae based on their ability to utilize citrate as the sole carbon source.
Simmons Citrate Agar Test
34
Oxaloacetate is metabolized into _____ and ____
pyruvate, CO2
35
pH indicator of Simmons citrate agar test
Bromothymol Blue
36
what is the positive reaction for Simmons citrate test
-bacterial growth on the slant - medium changes from green to intense Prussian blue due to alkaline by-products
37
negative reaction of Simmons citrate agar test
-no visible growth -medium remains green
38
organism that is natural citrate-positive variant
Escherichia coli
39
organism that is citrate-negative strains of
Enterobacter aerogenes
40
what does SIM stand for?
Sulfide, indole, motility
41
a test is a combination differential medium designed to assess three bacterial characteristics
SIM
42
what are the three bacterial characteristics
-Sulfur reduction -indole production -motility
43
test detects the ability of bacteria to reduce sulfur-containing compounds to hydrogen sulfide
Sulfur reduction test
44
what does your hydrogen sulfide reacts to form a black precipitate, indicating positive result
iron compound
45
positive result of Sulfur reduction test
blackening of the medium
46
negative result of sulfur reduction test
no blackening of the medium
47
indole production test
This process produces indole, pyruvic acid, and ammonium.
48
what reagent is added to detect indole
Kovac's reagent
49
positive result of indole productions
pink to red coloration in the reagent layer
50
negative result of indole production
no color change
51
The _____of bacteria is determined using a semi-solid agar medium.
Motility
52
what is the indication of presence of motility
bacteria exhibit diffuse growth that extends outward from the line of inoculation, causing cloudiness in the medium.
53
positive result of motility test
Diffuse, hazy growth throughout the medium
54
negative result of motility test
Growth confined to the stab-line with sharp margins
55
It aids in distinguishing bacteria based on their metabolic and motility characteristics, assisting in the diagnosis of infections and microbial classification.
SIM test
56
Detects mixed acid fermentation, which produces high levels of stable acids, significantly lowering the pH.
MR (Methyl red) test
57
positive result of MR
Red color change upon adding methyl red indicator, indicating a pH of ≤4.4.
58
negative result of MR
Yellow color, signifying less acid production and a pН >6.0.
59
what is the common positive organism of MR test
Escherichia coli
60
Detects butanediol fermentation, where acetoin (an intermediate) is converted into 2,3-butanediol.
Voges-Proskauer (VP) Test
61
positive result of VP test
Pink to red coloration after adding a-naphthol and KОН due to the oxidation of acetoin to diacetyl.
62
Negative result of VP test
No color change or a copper-brown hue.
63
common positive reaction of VP test
Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
64
Detects the ability of bacteria to hydrolyze urea into ammonia and CO2 using the enzyme urease.
Urease test
65
pH indicator of Urease test
phenol red
66
positive reaction of Urease test
Bright pink color change due to alkaline pH (28.2) from ammonia production.
67
negative result of Urease test
No color change or yellow due to acidic pH.
68
Determines bacterial ability to ferment specific carbohydrates with acid and/or gas production.
Carbohydrate Fermentation Test
69
common Carbohydrates tested:
Glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, mannitol, etc.
70
Determines bacterial ability to decarboxylate, deaminate, or hydrolyze amino acids.
Amino Acid Utilization Test
71
decarboxylation positive reaction
Purple color indicates the enzyme's activity under anaerobic conditions.
72
decarboxylation negative reaction
Yellow color due to acid production from glucose fermentation.
73
common decarboxylation organism under lysine
-Klebsiella pneumoniae -Salmonella typhi -Morganella morganii
74
common decarboxylation organism under Ornithine
-Enterobacter cloacae -Serratia marcescens -Proteus mirabilis
75
common decarboxylation organism under arginine
Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus
76
Identifies bacteria capable of oxidative deamination of phenylalanine via phenylalanase.
Phenylalanine Deamination Test
77
positive result for Phenylalanine Deamination Test
Green color upon addition of ferric chloride due to the formation of phenylpyruvic acid.
78
negative result for Phenylalanine Deamination Test
No color change.
79
common positive organism of Phenylalanine Deamination Test
Proteus spp., Morganella spp., Providencia spp.

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