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specimen management Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

what is the goal of the collector in specimen collection?

A

maintain the viability of organisms with minimal contamination

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2
Q

if possible, collect specimen in the _____ of the infection and _____ are administered.

A

acute phase (or within 2-3 days for viral infections), before antibiotics

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3
Q

specimens are collected in what kind of container?

A

sterile

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4
Q

what type of swab is used for upper respiratory tract specimen?

A

pre-moistened swab

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5
Q

type of swab that contain excessive fatty acids

A

cotton-tipped swabs

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6
Q

this counteracts and absorbs fatty acids when added to media.

A

charcoal

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7
Q

this type of swab is used for viral isolation

A

nylon flocked swab

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8
Q

what is the appropriate specimen collection for your wounds?

A

needle aspiration

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9
Q

what are the specimens that patient can collect by themselves?

A

-urine
-sputum
-stool

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10
Q

what is the ideal time for specimen transport

A

within 30 mins of collection, preferably within 2hrs

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11
Q

time duration of specimen collection for fungal culture, hair, and nail scrapings

A

72 hrs

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12
Q

time duration of specimen transport of unpreserved urine

A

30mins

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13
Q

if transport is delayed, under what conditions can the specimen be maintained by storage

A

-preservatives
-anticoagulants
-transport or holding medium or culture media

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14
Q

what type of preservation is used to maintain urine colony counts

A

Boric acid

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15
Q

type of preservation used for stool for ova and parasite examination

A

polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and buffered formalin

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16
Q

type of bacterial infection procedure that should be collected WITHOUT a preservative but can be refrigerated

A

Clostridium difficile toxin assay

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17
Q

at what temperature should your stool be preserved when transport is delayed for >48hrs

A

frozen at -70 dec C

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18
Q

what cannot be added to fecal specimens for bacteriological testing

A

preservatives (fixatives)

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19
Q

type of holding media for stool specimen if delay is >2hrs

A

Cary-Blair transport media

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20
Q

contains substances that do not promote the multiplication of microorganism

A

transport or holding media

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21
Q

this prevent clotting of specimens, including blood, bone marrow, and SVF

A

anticoagulants

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22
Q

the most appropriate/common anticoagulant used for microbiology specimens

A

sodium polyanethol sulfonate at 0.025%

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23
Q

at what ratio is your SPS for blood

A

10:1 ratio

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24
Q

it is added to counteracts the action of SPS

A

additional of 1% gelatin

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25
type of anticoagulant used for viral cultures and isolation of Mycobacterium spp.
Heparin
26
at what temperature should your blood be stored at
less than or equal to 2hrs at ROOM TEMP
27
what is the goal of shipping infectious substances
to safeguard employees in the transportation and the general public
28
the three layers of your triple package consists of:
primary receptable secondary container third receptable
29
this layer should be watertight, leak-proof, and labeled properly
primary receptable
30
this layer is sealed and placed into sturdy outer container constructed of fiberboard
secondary receptable
31
this layer protects the secondary container from physical damage during transport
third receptable
32
what level requires immediate processing
level 1 (critical/invasive)
33
what level is unprotected and may quickly degrade
level 2
34
what are the levels of specimen prioritization
level 1-critical level 2-unpreserved level 3-quantitation required level 4- preserved
35
the most common clinical specimen used in laboratory for microbio culture
Blood
36
when can blood be drawn
during the time of febrile (fever) episode
37
type of disinfectant used for the venipuncture site
chlorhexidine-alcohol (70% alcohol, 2% chlorhexidine, 2% tincture of iodine)
38
type of disinfectant used for the cap of the blood culture bottles
70% isopropyl alcohol
39
what is the recommended skin antiseptic for blood culture
chlorhexidine gluconate
40
how many mL of blood can be collected per day
60ml
41
_______ will satisfy the requires volume of the sample to detect bacteremia
3 sets of blood culture
42
what is the limited set can be drawn in a 24-h period
not more than 4
43
recommended blood-to-broth ratio
1:5 to 1:10
44
specimen of choice for urine culture
Clean-voided midstream (CVS)
45
specimen of choice in urine for molecular studies
first morning specimen
46
how many ml should pass before collecting remainder of urine
catheterized specimen
47
collected directly in the bladder for anerobic culture
suprapubic aspirate
48
this aspirates 5-10ml with needle and syringe
indwelling catheter
49
specimen of choice for the detection of GI pathogens
Stool
50
how many specimens can be collected for bacterial infection
3 specimen (once a day for 3 days)
51
how many specimen can be collected for parasitic infection
3 specimens within 10 days
52
what stain used for observing fecal WBCs
methylene blue
53
if pxn received antiparasitic drug, when can specimen be collected
after 7 to 10 days
54
when can specimen be collected when undergoing barium studies
until the barium has cleared (4 to 5 days)
55
what appears white chalky substance in the stool when viewed under the microscope
barium
56
type of specimen used to diagnose bacterial pneumonia
sputum
57
preferred specimen for AFB microscopy
first early morning specimen
58
basis if the sputum is rejected if it represents the saliva and not the lower respi secretions
bartlett's criteria
59
for sputum samples to be accepted for cultivation, there should be ______ and_______ per LPO
<10 squamous epithelial cells, >25 pus cells
60
how many tubes need or is required in collecting CSF
3 tubes
61
what type test is done in 1st tube
chemistry
62
type of test is done in 2nd tube
Microbiology
63
in collecting 2nd tube of CSF, how much is collected for bacteria, virus
≥ 1mL
64
in collecting 2nd tube of CSF, how much is collected for AFB, fungi
≥ 2mL
65
test done in the 3rd tube of CSF specimen
hematology
66
at what temp and duration should the CSF be stored
6 hours at 35-37 deg c
67
specimen of choice for the recovery of bordetella pertussis
nasopharynx sawb
68
in nasal swab its not needed to do___, but instead _____
gram stain, direct culture
69
recommended specimen for the routine culture of group A streptococci
Throat/pharynx swab
70
used to diagnose STDs or Venereal diseases
Genital specimen: cervix
71
the site of collection for cervix
endocervical canal
72
traditional specimen of choice of chlamydia trachomatis
urethra swab
73
types of abscess
superficial and deep
74
type of abscess, which swabs along the outer edge
superficial
75
type of abscess, which aspirate with needle and syringe and place on an anaerobic transport system
deep
76
this specimen instill local anesthetic before collection
corneal scrappings
77
in direct examination of corneal scrapings, the use of ________ assist with location of specimen
10mm frosted ring slides
78
involves the preparation of samples for microscopy and culture
specimen processing
79
allows the processor to determine the adequacy of the specimen and the need for special processing
gross examination
80
an indicator of an anaerobic infection
presence of a necrotic tissue samples (black discoloration)
81
in preparation of swabs how many swabs must be used
two swabs
82
the preferred instrument for smears from thin liquid
cytocentrifugation
83
a useful tool that provides rapid information
direct microscopic examination
84
direct examinations are usually not performed on:
throat nasopharyngeal vagina, cervix, and anal crypts stool specimens
85
what specimens are inoculated directly onto selected media
sterile body fluids pus urine sputum
86
methods for concentration of your specimen
centrifugation and filtration
87
what chemical reagent is used to dislodge material from the fibers of the swab
vortexed (mixed) in 0.5 to 1ml of saline or broth
88
if the volume of fluid is ___, the specimen ca be ________ at _____.
>1mL,centrifuged for 20 mins at 3000g
89
minimum concentration to visualize bacterial cells by light microscopy
10^5 bacteria cell/1mL
90
this indicate a life-threatening situation that need to be acted on promptly
critical values
91
what is the primary plate
BAP CHOC MAC
92
IV catheters are inoculated for ______
semi-quantitative maki roll plate
93
aids in the diagnosis of catheter-related infection
semi-quatitative maki roll plate
94
how many colonies must be present after incubation to perform identification and susceptibility test
15 or more colonies
95
conjunctiva on plate should be transported_____
within 15mins at room temp
96
what are swabbed in the genital specimen: vagina
secretion from the mucous membrane of the vagina
97
this isolates helicobacter pylori
gastric biopsy
98
for rectal swab what chemical is utilized to observe fecal leukocytes
methylene blue
99
what are specimen that are under in the level 1
amniotic fluid, blood, brain, CSF, pericardium fluid, heart valves
100
specimens under the level 2
drainage from wounds, feces, sputum, tissue
101
what specimen are under level 3
catheter top, urine, and tissue for quantification
102
what specimen is under the level 4
feces and urine in preservative, swabs in holding medium
103

2A flash (18 decks)

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