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lab 1 - basics of anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

describe basic anatomic position

A

the standard reference position of the human body
body is upright, facing forward, arms and legs straight, palms facing forward, feet flat on the ground, eyes open
all anatomical descriptions are in reference to the anatomic position
right and left are backwards (talking from the patients perspective)

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2
Q

describe the use of directional terms

A

used to describe the location of one part of the body relative to another, usually with respect to anatomical position

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3
Q

anterior

A

towards the front
ex. the heart is anterior to the spinal cord

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4
Q

posterior

A

towards the back
ex. the kidneys are posterior to the small intestine

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5
Q

superior

A

above
ex. the lungs are superior to the diaphragm

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6
Q

inferior

A

below
ex. the small intestine is inferior to the transverse colon

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7
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of origin (appendicular)
ex. the axillary region is proximal to the carpal region

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8
Q

distal

A

further from the point of origin (appendicular)
ex. the palmar region is distal to the anticubital region

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9
Q

medial

A

towards the midline
ex. the heart is medial to the right and left lungs

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10
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline
ex. the kidneys are lateral to the spinal cord

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11
Q

superficial

A

towards the surface
ex. the epidermis is superfical to the hair follicles

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12
Q

deep

A

away from the surface
ex. the heart is deep to the peritoneum

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13
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side of the body
ex. the right kidney is ipsilateral to the right lung

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14
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side of the body
ex. the right lung is contralateral to the left lung

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15
Q

cranial region

A

top of head

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16
Q

frontal region

A

forehead

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17
Q

orbital region

A

eye sockets

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18
Q

nasal region

A

nose

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19
Q

buccal region

A

cheeks

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20
Q

otic region

A

ears

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21
Q

oral region

A

mouth

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22
Q

occipital region

A

back of head above hairline

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23
Q

nuchal region

A

top of neck along hairline

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24
Q

mental region

A

chin

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25
cervical region
front and back side of neck
26
acromial region
shoulder
27
scapular region
scapula back area
28
sternal region
sternum, midline of chest
29
thoracic region
upper chest
30
axillary region
armpit
31
mammary region
boob
32
brachial region
upper arm, above elbow
33
antecubital region
front of elbow
34
vertebral region
spine
35
abdominal region
abdomen area, above belly button below chesticles
36
umbilical region
belly button
37
antebrachial region
forearm, below elbow
38
carpal region
wrist
39
manual region
back of palm
40
palmar region
palm, front of hand
41
digital region
fingers
42
pelvic region
pelvis area, right below belly button, above start of thigh
43
lumbar region
lower back, above crack
44
gluteal region
butt cheeks
45
inguinal region
below pelvic region, right next to genitals at the start of thigh
46
pubic region
genitals
47
femoral region
thigh
48
patellar region
knee
49
popliteal
back of knee
50
crural region
below knee, shin
51
sural region
right below popliteal region, back of lower leg (shin)
52
tarsal region
ankle
53
pedal region
top of foot
54
calcaneal region
heel
55
plantar
bottom of foot
56
cephalic region
entire head
57
purpose of body cavities
enclose certain regions of the body and house specific organs (or organ systems)
58
what are body cavities lined with, what is the purpose
specific membranes acts to protect and lubricate the organs (or organ systems) within a cavity
59
cranial cavity
contains the brain lined by meninges (various membranes is part of the posterior cavity (along with vertebral cavity
60
vertebral cavity (canal)
contains spinal cord lined by meninges also part of the posterior cavity (along with cranial cavity)
61
thoracic cavity
superior to diaphragm contains the pleural cavities, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity
62
posterior cavity
contains the cranial and vertebral cavities
63
pleural cavities
contains the lungs lined by pleural membrane within the thoracic cavity
64
mediastinum
contains the heart, large heart vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus within the thoracic cavities
65
pericardial cavity
contains the heart lined by pericardium within the thoracic cavity
66
abdominopelvic cavity
inferior to the diaphragm contains the peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity
67
peritoneal cavity
contains organs of the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity, lined by a peritoneal membrane (abdominal and lymphatic organs) within the abdominopelvic cavity
68
abdominal cavity
contains the digestive organs within the abdominopelvic cavity contains abdominal viscera
69
pelvic cavity
contains the urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs within the abdominopelvic cavity
70
point to the four surface quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity
-
71
point to the nine abdominal regions
-
72
what organs are contained within the right upper quadrant
liver, pancreas, gallbladder, duodenum, transverse colon, right adrenal gland, right kidney
73
what organs are contained within the right lower quadrant
small intestine, ascending colon, appendix, urinary bladder, part of right kidney, right ureter, right over and uterine tube (f), right spermatic cord (m)
74
what organs are contained within the left upper quadrant
liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, transverse colon, left adrenal gland, left kidney
75
what organs are contained within the left lower quadrant
small intestine, descending colon, urinary bladder, part of left kidney, left ureter, left ovary and uterine tube (f), left spermatic cord (m), sigmoid colon
76
what are the nine abdominal regions in order
right hypochondriac region epigastric region left hypochondriac region right lumbar region umbilical region left lumbar region right iliac (inguinal) region hypogastric (pubic) region left iliac (inguinal) region
77
what are planes of section
used to describe how the human body has been divided generally associated with dissection and images of the body or ogans
78
what are the three main types of sections we use
sagittal (mid or para) frontal transverse
79
describe a midsagittal section
dividing the body into equal left and right halves
80
describe a parasagittal section
dividing the body into unequal right and left halves
81
describe a frontal section
dividing the body into anterior and posterior sections
82
describe a transverse section
dividing the body into superior and inferior sections
83
what are the major organs/functions of the integumentary system
skin (epidermis, dermis, hair, nails) protection, absorption
84
what are the major organs/functions of the skeletal system
bones, cartilage, tendons movement
85
what are the major organs/functions of the muscular system
muscles, fascia movement
86
what are the major organs/functions of the nervous system
brain, nerves, spinal cord memory, cognition, senses, basic bodily functions, etc.
87
what are the major organs/functions of the endocrine system
glands, hypothalamus, kidneys, pancreas, reproductive organs communication, secretion, absorption, waste excretion, growth, etc.
88
what are the major organs/functions of the cardiovascular system
heart, arteries, veins pumping blood, oxygenating whole body
89
what are the major organs/functions of the lymphatic system
lymph nodes, lymph vessels and trunks transporting fluids, absorbing fats, immune responses
90
what are the major organs/functions of the digestive system
intestine (sm and lg). liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, stomach, esophagus, mouth, rectum, anus digestion, nutrient absorption, waste excretion, etc.
91
what are the major organs/functions of the urinary system
bladder, ureters, urethra, kidney, etc. waste excretion, nutrient absorption
92
what are the major organs/functions of the male and female reproductive systems
vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, etc. penis, testes, spermatic cord, prostate gland, etc. both function for reproduction, hormone production, etc.

Anatomy (11 decks)

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