Lab Practical Exam 2 Flashcards

Question

Lipid * What is it * Molecular structure

Answer 1

* Macromolecule * Hundreds of molecules of mostly _carbon_ and _hydrogen_

Answer 2

* Lipid * Structure * **3-carbon glycerol** molecule * **Phosphate group;** and * **2 fatty acids**

Answer 3

A substance that has a polar and nonpolar component that can disperse fat into smaller particles in water or other polar solutions.

Answer 4

Left kidney is slightly superior than the right kidney

Answer 5

Air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled with maximum effort (1,200 mL)

Answer 6

* FEV₁ / FVC \* 100 = % * Most important measurement

Answer 7

Exchange gases with the environment in a process known as ventilation (breathing)

Answer 8

Volume remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation

Answer 9

Urinary bladder

Answer 10

Myometrium of uterus *Layer of smooth muscle tissue deep to the endometrium*

Answer 11

Primary follicle of ovary

Answer 12

Epithelium of esophagus *Verify: Stratified squamous epithelium*

Answer 13

Alveolus of lung | (high magnification)

Answer 14

Central v. of liver

Answer 15

Vas deferens

Answer 16

Submucosa of duodenum

Answer 17

Ascending colon

Answer 18

Spermatic cord

Answer 19

Epithelium of trachea | (ciliated pseudostratified columnar)

Answer 20

Urinary bladder

Answer 21

Leydig cells of testis

Answer 22

Right lung

Answer 23

Duodenum of the small intestine

Answer 24

Adventitia of esophagus

Answer 25

Flow transducer

Answer 26

Submucosal gland of duodenum | (Brunner's gland)

Answer 27

Gallbladder

Answer 28

Sigmoid colon

Answer 29

Secondary follicle in ovary

Answer 30

Ovarian follicle of ovary

Answer 31

Epididymis

Answer 32

Epithelium of endometrium of uterus Layer closest to the lumen and containing many glands with tube-like structures

Answer 33

Urinary bladder

Answer 34

Oocyte of ovary

Answer 35

Endometrium of uterus

Answer 36

Urinary bladder

Answer 37

Villus of duodenum

Answer 38

Alveolar duct of lung

Answer 39

Of duodenum

Answer 40

Muscularis mucosae of esophagus

Answer 41

Interstinal gland of duodenum

Answer 42

Cardiac notch

Answer 43

Mucosa of esophagus

Answer 44

Epididymis

Answer 45

Submucosa of esophagus

Answer 46

Spermatozoa (pleural) of testis Spermatozoon (singular) of testis

Answer 47

Jejunum of small intestine

Answer 48

Primary oocyte

Answer 49

Urinary bladder

Answer 50

Transverse colon

Answer 51

VERIFY: ref card 76 Mucosa of duodenum

Answer 52

Alveolar sac of lung

Answer 53

Electronic water bath

Answer 54

Urinary bladder

Answer 55

Epididymis

Answer 56

Muscularis externa of esophagus

Answer 57

Primordial follicle of ovary

Answer 58

Renal tubules with simple cuboidal epithelium (Kidneys)

Answer 59

Vas deferens

Answer 60

Lumen of testis

Answer 61

Pancreatic islets

Answer 62

Glomerulus of renal corpuscle (kidney)

Answer 63

Descending colon

Answer 64

Bowman's capsule of renal corpuscle (kidney)

Answer 65

Alveolus of lung | (low magnification)

Answer 66

Ileum of the small intestine

Answer 67

Muscularis externa of duodenum

Answer 68

Hepatocytes in liver *(In the hepatic cords)*

Answer 69

Hepatic sinusoid in liver *(Sinusoids are spaces between hepatic cords)*

Answer 70

Seminiferous tubule of testis

Answer 71

Spermatic cord

Answer 72

Ascending colon

Answer 73

Transverse colon

Answer 74

Descending colon

Answer 75

Sigmoid colon

Answer 76

Appendix | (vermiform)

Answer 77

Urinary bladder

Answer 78

Urinary bladder

Answer 79

Urinary bladder

Answer 80

Scrotal sac | (scrotum)

Answer 81

Vas deferens | (ductus deferens)

Answer 82

Epididymis

Answer 83

Spermatic cord

Answer 84

Epiglottis

Answer 85

Greater omentum *(part of the peritoneum)*

Answer 86

Gallbladder

Answer 87

Small intestine *(comprises the duodenum, jejunum, ileum)*

Answer 88

Hyaline cartilage of trachea

Answer 89

Lumen of trachea

Answer 90

Terminal bronchiole of lung | (low magnification)

Answer 91

Conducting bronchiole of lung | (low magnification)

Answer 92

Acini (exocrine pancreas) Secrete digestive enzymes

Answer 93

Serosa of duodenum

Answer 94

Head and flagellum

Answer 95

Lumen of duodenum

Answer 96

Lumen of esophagus

Answer 97

* Maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration * Sum of the **TIDAL VOLUME** and the **INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME**

Answer 98

Air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort (3,000 mL)

Answer 99

* Reagent * Detects the change in _starch_ level * pale yellow = absence of starch * purple / black = positive for starch. Progressively lighter as less starch is present

Answer 100

* Ascending colon * Transverse colon * Descending colon * Sigmoid colon

Answer 101

Urinary bladder

Answer 102

* Covalent bond that produces a molecule _without any charge_ * Common when many of the same or similar atoms are bonded

Answer 103

* _Color_: light yellow to dark golden yellow * _Turbidity_: clear * _pH range_: 4.5 - 8 * _Specific gravity_: 1.010 - 1.025 * _Sediments_: epithelial cells, hyaline casts, crystals, mucous threads, bacteria * _Solutes_: electrolytes, urea, uric acid, creatinine, hormones, very small amounts of protein, glucose, bilirubin, ketones

Answer 104

* FEV1 / FVC % = \< 75% (normal is 80%) * FVC = \> 80% of predicted value * _RV increased_

Answer 105

1. Asthma 2. Bronchitis 3. COPD (chronic bronchitis & emphysema) 4. Emphysema

Answer 106

* Produced by the _pancreatic acinar cells_ * Chemically _digests triglycerides (substrate)_ into fatty acids, glycerol, and some monoglycerides (products) _within the small intestine_

Answer 107

* Digestive **enzyme** * Breaks larger proteins into shorter chain peptides * begins in the **stomach** * produced by the **chief cells of the stomach** * Activity is greatest in an **acidic environment**, such as the stomach, which secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Answer 108

1. Inhalation 2. Exhalation

Answer 109

* Cecum * Descending colon * Stomach

Answer 110

* Covalent or ionic bond that produces a molecule with _electrical charges_ * Common when atoms that are very dissimilar are bonded

Answer 111

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration

Answer 112

1. Acute respiratory distress syndrome 2. Asbestosis 3. Infant respiratory distress syndrome (lack of pulmonary surfactant) 4. Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 113

* FEV1 / FVC% = \> 75% (80% close to normal) * FVC = \< 80% of predicted value * _TLC decreased_

Answer 114

* Affect the FVC and FEV1 amounts proportionally (both values will drop) * FEV1 / FVC % remains close to normal

Answer 115

* _Single carbon-to-carbon bonds_ with _hydrogen_ atoms attached

Answer 116

* Density of a fluid as compared to distilled water * Indicator for _osmolarity_ of the fluid * *Note: specific gravity is a comparative number and therefore has no unit associated with it*

Answer 117

Measures lung volume

Answer 118

* Fallopian tube * Ovary * Uterus * Vagina

Answer 119

* Epididymis * Penis * Prostate gland * Seminal vesicle * Testis * Urinary bladder * Urethra * Vas deferens

Answer 120

* Diaphragm * Larynx * Left lung * Right lung * Trachea

Answer 121

* 2 Kidneys * Urethra * Urinary bladder * 2 Ureters

Answer 122

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle during quiet breathing (500 mL)

Answer 123

Maximum amount lungs can hold (4650-6400 mL)

Answer 124

TLC = IRV + TV + ERV

Answer 125

* **1 glycerol molecule** and **3 fatty acid chains** * Can visualize how much lipid catabolism occurs by using a chemical **pH indicator** * The more the fatty acids accumulate, the more acidic the solution becomes

Answer 126

* Visual quality based on clarity (cloudiness) of solution * Abnormal urine contents such as protein, salts, cells and cellular contents

Answer 127

* Contains _one or more double bonds_ between _carbons_ with _hydrogen_ atoms attached

Answer 128

* Cylindrical masses of cells or other substances that collect in the distal convoluted tubule or the collecting ducts and are eventually flushed out by the flow of urine * Indications * normal urine contains _hyaline casts_ * RBC casts indicate _glomerular damage_ * WBC casts indicate _infection_ * waxy casts are the result of _WBC casts that are retained in the tubules_

Answer 129

* Epithelial cells *(renal tubule cells, transitional cells, squamous cells)* * Erythrocytes * Leukocytes

Answer 130

* Long, thin strands of mucus * Normal urine contains small quantities of mucus threads * Large quantities indicate _infection_, especially _STDs_

Answer 131

* Microscopic solids that collects at the bottom of a centrifuged urine sample * Includes normal and abnormal urine components

Answer 132

* Air travels through the structures of the respiratory system to the small air sacs (alveoli) where the gases O2 and CO2 can be exchanged with the blood

Answer 133

Maximum quantity of air in one breath (4500-5500 mL)

Answer 134

* Long chains of _carbon_ with _hydrogen_ attached * Nonpolar

Answer 135

* Menstruation * Glomerular damage * Trauma to the urinary tract

Answer 136

Kidney disease

Answer 137

1. Epididymis 2. Pampiniform plexus 3. Testicular artery and vein 4. Vas deferens

Answer 138

Hydrometer

Answer 139

* Urine hydrometer; or * Urinometer

Answer 140

Chemical indicator that detects the presence of fatty acids, proteins, and starch

Answer 141

* A waste product of metabolism * Must be removed from the body by exhalation

Answer 142

Triglyceride

Answer 143

Hydrometer *Urine hydrometer if measuring specific gravity of urine*

Answer 144

* **Substrate**: the substance that the enzyme is acting on (it undergoes a chemical change) * **Enzyme:** the protein catalyzing this reaction (it can often be reused and/or recycled)

Answer 145

* Bladder * Kidneys * Ureters * Urethra

Answer 146

Epiglottis

Answer 147

Substrate, enzyme, or both

Answer 148

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 149

To make ATP