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IMMUNOSEROLOGY > [LAB] Precipitation > Flashcards

[LAB] Precipitation Flashcards

1
Q

INTERACTION BETWEEN A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY IN CORRECT PROPORTIONS RESULTING IN A VISIBLE INSOLUBLE COMLEX

A

PRECIPITATION

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2
Q

PRECIPITINOGEN

A

ANTIGEN

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3
Q

PRECIPITIN

A

ANTIBODY

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4
Q

PRECIPITATE

A

INSOLUBLE COMPLEX FORMED

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5
Q

IS THERE STILL LATICE FORMATION IN A PRECIPITATION REACTION

A

YES

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6
Q

STAGES OF PRECIPITATION

A

SENSITIZATION
LATTICE FORMATION

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7
Q

IG THAT IS BETTER AT PRECIPITATING AB

A

IGG

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8
Q

IG THAT IS BETTER AT AGGLUTINATING AB

A

IGM

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9
Q

NON PRECIPITATING IG

A

IGE
IGD

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10
Q

ORDER OF BEST PRECIPITINS
MOST TO LEAST

A

IGG
IGM
IGA

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11
Q

FOR LATTICE FORMATION TO OCCUR, THE AG AND AB HAVE TO AT LEAST BE

A

BIVALENT

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12
Q

TEMPERATURE AT WHICH RAPID PRECIPITATION OCCURS

A

40-45C

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13
Q

TEMPERATURE FOR COMPLETE PRECIPITATION TO OCCUR

A

0-4C

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14
Q

PH AT WHICH PRECIPITATION REACTIONS OCCUR

A

PH 6-7.5

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15
Q

EFFECT OF SALT ON THE SOLUBILITY OF AG-AB COMPLEXES

A

INCREASES SOLUBILITY

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16
Q

SALT CONCENTRATION USED TO INCREASE SOLUBILITY

A

1.5 M

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17
Q

RELATIONSHIP OF AVIDITY AND DISSOCIATION

A

THE HIGHER THE AVIDITY OF THE AB
THE LESSER THE TENDENCY TO DISSOCIATE AND DISSOLVE

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18
Q

RATIO OF ANTIGEN DILUTION TO ANTIBODY DILUTION

A

EQUIVALENCE POINT

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19
Q

POINT AT WHICH THERE IS LITTLE OR NO DIFFERENCE IN THE AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION

A

ZONE OF EQUIVALENCE

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20
Q

RATIO OF AG TO AB WHERE REACTION IS MOST RAPID

A

OPTIMUM PROPORTION

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21
Q

ZONE OF ANTIGEN EXCESS

A

PROZONE
ZONE OF INHIBITION

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22
Q

ZONE IN WHICH THE SUPERNATANT CONTAINS FREE ANTIGENS

A

PROZONE
ZONE OF INHIBITION

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23
Q

ZONE IN WHICH THE SUPERNATANT CONTAINS FREE ANTIGENS

A

POSTZONE

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24
Q

ZONE OF ANTIBODY EXCESS

A

POSTZONE

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25
Q

ALL AG AND AB ARE INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF PRECIPITATION

A

OPTIMUM PROPORTION

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26
Q

NEITHER FREE AG OR AB CAN BE DETECTED

A

OPTIMUM PROPORTION

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27
Q

[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
AG IS DILUTED AND ADDED TO K AMOUNTS OF AB

A

DEAN AND WEBB

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28
Q

[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
DETECTS THE SMALLEST AMOUNT OF AG THAT CAN GIVE A VISIBLE REACTION

A

DEAN AND WEBB

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29
Q

[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
PROZONE: AG EXCESS
POSTZONE: AB EXCESS

A

DEAN AND WEBB

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30
Q

[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
ALPHA PROCEDURE

A

DEAN AND WEBB

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31
Q

[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
AB IS DILUTED AND ADDED TO K AMUNTS OF AG

A

RAMON

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32
Q

[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
PRECIPITATION OCCURS IN A MUCH NARROWER RANGE OF REACTANT SILUTIONS

A

RAMON

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33
Q

[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
DETECTS THE SMALLEST AMOUNT OF AB THAT WILL CAUSE A PRECIPITATION REACTION

A

RAMON

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34
Q

[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
PROZONE: AB EXCESS
POSTZONE: AG EXCESS

A

RAMON

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35
Q

MAJOR DETERRENT TO THE USE OF FLUID PRECIPITATION TESTS

A

ZONING PHENOMENON

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36
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]
ALL AG AND AB HAVE THE SAME OPTIMUM PROPORTION

A

FALSE
THEY VARY

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37
Q

PHENOMENON WHERE AB-AG PRECIPITATE DOES NOT EXHIBIT REVERSE SOLUBILITY

A

DANSYZ PHENOMENON

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38
Q

PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUES IN A LIQUID MEDIUM

A

INTERFACIAL TEST
RING TEST

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39
Q

PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUES IN A GEL MEDIUM

A

OUDIN
RID
OAKLEY & FULTHORPE
OUCHTERLONY

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40
Q

APPLICATIONS OF THE FLUID PRECIPITATION

A

ASCOLI TEST
LANCERFIELD SEROLOGICAL TYPING
FORENSIC
CRP

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41
Q

BEST TEST FOR CRP

A

REVERSE PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION TEST

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42
Q

PRINCIPLE OF PRECIPITATION IN A GEL MEDIUM

A

SOLUBLE MOLECULES (AG AND AB) REACTIS IN AGAR GEL OR OTHER SEMISOLID MEDIA UNTIL THEY REACH THEIR EQUIVALENCE TO FORM A STABLE PRECIPITATE

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43
Q

FORM OF PRECIPITATE IN A GEL MEDIUM

A

BAND
LINE

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44
Q

EXAMPLES OF GEL MEDIA

A

AGAR
AGAROSE GEL
POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL

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45
Q

EXAMPLES OF NON-GEL MEDIA

A

CELLULOSE ACETATE

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46
Q

REFERS TO THE REACTANT MOVING

A

DIFFUSION

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47
Q

REFERS TO TEH DIRECTION OF THE REACTANT’S MOVEMENT

A

DIMENSION

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48
Q

DESCRIBE THE SINGLE DIFFUSION REACTION

A

ONE REACTANT IS MOVING TOWARDS THE OTHER REACTANT

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49
Q

DESCRIBE THE DOUBLE DIFFUSION REACTION

A

BOTH REACTANTS ARE DIFFUSING TOWARDS EACH OTHER

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50
Q

DESCRIBE THE SINGLE DIMENSION REACTION

A

ONLY ONE EFFECTIVE DIRECTION

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51
Q

DESCRIBE THE DOUBLE DIMENSION REACTION

A

DIFFUSION IN MULTIPLE OR ALL DIRECTIONS

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52
Q

USUAL DIRECTION OF A SINGLE DIMENSION REACTION

A

UP OR DOWN
VERTICAL

53
Q

USUAL DIRECTION OF A DOUBLE DIMENSION REACTION

A

RADIAL

54
Q

EXAMPLES OF GEL SUBSTANCES

A

AGAR
AGAROSE
POLYACRYLAMIDE

CELLULOSE ACETATE
GELATIN
STARCH

55
Q

MOST WIDELY USED GEL SUBSTANCE

A

AGAROSE

56
Q

1 REACTANT
1 DIMENSION

DIFFUSION

A

OUDIN

57
Q

1 REACTANT
1 DIMENSION

ELECTROPHORESIS

A

ROCKET IE
LAURELL

SINGLE EID

58
Q

1 REACTANT
2 DIMENSIONS

DIFFUSION

A

RID
FEINBERG
MANCINI

59
Q

1 REACTANT
2 DIMENSIONS

ELECTROPHORESIS

A

RESSLER

LAURELL
CROSSED IE
DOUBLE CROSSED IE
TWO DIMENTIONAL IE

60
Q

2 REACTANTS
1 DIMENSION

DIFFUSION

A

OAKLEY AND FULTHROPE

61
Q

2 REACTANTS
1 DIMENSION

ELECTROPHORESIS

A

COUNTER IE

DOUBLE EID
CROSSED AG-AB E
COUNTER CURRENT IE
IMMUNOOSMOPHORESIS
ELECTROSYNERESIS
OSMOPHORESIS
COUNTERMIGRATION IE

62
Q

2 REACTANTS
2 DIMENSIONS

DIFFUSION

A

OUCHTERLONY AND ELEK

63
Q

2 REACTANTS
2 DIMENSIONS

ELECTRPHORESIS

A

IE
GRABBAR AND WILLIAMS

64
Q

[METHOD]
GEL CONTAINS IMMOBILIZED AB

A

OUDIN

65
Q

[METHOD]
TWO OR MORE UNRELATED AG AGAINST THEIR HOMOLOGOUS AB MAY BE TESTED

A

OUDIN

66
Q

[METHOD]
DETERMINE MINIMUM ANTIGENIC SUBSTANCES USING BLOOD, PLASMA, OR CELL EXTRACT

A

OUDIN

67
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF MIGRATION IN OUDIN’S METHOD

A

CONCENTRATION OF AG-AB
TEMPERATURE
PORE SIZE OF THE GEL

68
Q

[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
FUZZY EDGES

A

TYPE R

69
Q

[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
SMALL AMOUNTS OF PRECIPITATE ON EITHER SIDES OF EQUIVALENCE

A

TYPE R

70
Q

[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
CLEAN MARGINS

A

TYPE H

71
Q

[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
FLOCCULATION IS COMPLETER WITHIN THE EQUIVALENCE ZONE

A

TYPE H

72
Q

[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
FLOCCULATION IS COMPLETELY INHIBITED OUTSIDE THE EQUIVALENCE ZONE

A

TYPE H

73
Q

[METHOD]
CRP DETECTION

A

OUDIN

74
Q

[METHOD]
USED AS A ROOUGH ESTIMATION OF AG CONCENTRATION

A

OUDIN

75
Q

OTHER TERMS FOR THE RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION METHOD

A

END POINT METHOD
MANCINI TEST

76
Q

[METHOD]
QUANTITATES A VARIETY OF PROTEINS IN SERUM

A

RID

77
Q

[METHOD]
QUANTITATES IGG, IGA

A

RID

78
Q

[METHOD]
AG DIFFUSES TO COMPLETION

A

RID

79
Q

[METHOD]
PRECIPITIN RING OR DISC AROUND THE WELL

A

RID

80
Q

SOURCES OF ERROR OF THE RID METHOD

A

OVERFILLING OR UNDERFILLING
SPILLING SAMPLE
NICKING THE WELL
IMPROPER INCUBATION TIME OR TEMPERATURE

81
Q

[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
MEASURE THE DISC WHILE IT IS EXPANDING

A

FAHEY

82
Q

[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
RESULT IS OBTAINED INA SHORTER PERIOD OF TIME

A

FAHEY

83
Q

[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
KINETIC METHOD

A

FAHEY

84
Q

[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
MEASURES WHEN THE REACTION HAS STOPPED EXPANDING

A

MANCINI

85
Q

[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
ALLOWS MAXIMAL PRECIPITATION

A

MANCINI

86
Q

[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
PRODUCES MORE RELIABLE RESULTS

A

MANCINI

87
Q

[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
END POINT METHOD

A

MANCINI

88
Q

[METHOD]
INTERPOLATION FROM A STANDARD CURVE USING A KNOWN STANDARD

A

RID

89
Q

[METHOD]
BOTH AG AND AB DIFFUSE TOWARD EACH OTHER

A

OAKLEY AND FULTHORPE

90
Q

[METHOD]
AG AND AB BOTH DIFFUSE AND BIND EACH OTHER TO FORM A LINE AT THE POE

A

OUCHTERLONY

91
Q

IN THE OUCHTERLONY METHOD, WHAT DOES THE NUMBER OF PRECIPITIN LINES INDICATE

A

THE MINUMUM NUMBER OF DISTINCT AG SUBSTANCES PRESENT

92
Q

IN THE OUCHTERLONY METHOD, IF BOTH AG AND AB ARE OF THE SAME MW, WHAT IS THE RESULT

A

STRAIGHT LINE

93
Q

[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
FUSION OF BANDS PRECIPITATE

A

TYPE I
IDENTITY

94
Q

[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
PRECIPITATE LINES INTERSECT OR CROSS

A

TYPE II
NON IDENTITY

95
Q

[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
WHY DONT LINES CROSS

A

SAMPLES CONTAIN NO ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS IN COMMON

96
Q

[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
TWO ANTIGENS POSSESS COMMON DETERMINANTS BUT ALSO DISPLAY ANTIGENIC DIFFERENCES

A

TYPE III
PARTIAL IDENTITY

97
Q

[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
SPUR FORMATION

A

TYPE III

98
Q

[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
CONFUSED WITH NON IDENTITY

A

TYPE IV
DOUBLE PARTIAL IDENTITY

99
Q

WHAT AB DOES THE SPUR FORMED POINT TOWARDS TO

A

MOST SIMPLE AB

100
Q

PROTEIN-SENSITIVE STAIN

A

CARBOL FUCHSIN

101
Q

ANTIGEN DIFFUSES THROUGH A SEMI SOLID MEDIUM AND EMPLOYS THE USE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

A

ELECTROIMMUNODIFFUSION

102
Q

[CHARGE AND DIRECTION OF MIGRATION]
AB

A

(+)
TOWARDS THE CATHODE

103
Q

[CHARGE AND DIRECTION OF MIGRATION]
AG

A

(—)
TOWARDS THE ANODE

104
Q

IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS METHODS

A

ROCKET LAURELL
RESSLER
COUNTER IE
GRABBAR WILLIAMS

105
Q

[METHOD]
PRECIPITIN LINE IS IN THE SHAPE OF A CONE

A

ROCKET
LAURELL

106
Q

[METHOD]
AGAROSE GEL IS PH 8.6

A

ROCKET
LAURELL

107
Q

PH OF AGAROSE GEL IN THE ROCKET LAURELL TECHNIQUE

A

PH 8.6

108
Q

DIRECTION OF DIFFUSION IN THE ROCKET TECHNIQUE

A

UP

109
Q

CHARGE OF AB IN THE ROCKET TECHNIQUE

A

NO CHARGE
AB IS IMMOBILIZED AT PH 8.6

110
Q

[ROCKET OR OUDIN]
PLATES, QUANTITATIVE, ELECTROPHORESIS

A

ROCKET

111
Q

[ROCKET OR OUDIN]
TUBES, QUALITATIVE, DIFFUSION

A

OUDIN

112
Q

[METHOD]
ANALOGOUS TO RID

A

ROCKET LAURELL

113
Q

ELECTROPHORETIC PHASES OF THE RESSLER METHOD

A

1 — SEPARATE COMPONENTS BY CHARGE
2 — AG-AB CONTACT,DEVELOPMENT OF A SERIES OF MOUNTAIN PEAKS

114
Q

[METHOD]
REACTANTS MOVE LINEARLY TOWARDS EACH OTHER

A

CIE

115
Q

PH OF AGAROSE GEL IN CIE

A

PH 8.2 TO 8.3

116
Q

ENHANCEMENT OF AB MOVEMENT TO THE CATHODE

A

ELECTROENDOSMOSIS

117
Q

[METHOD]
10X MORE SENSITIVE THAN OUCHTERLONY

A

CIE

118
Q

AT WHAT PH IS IG IMMOBILE

A

PH 8.6

119
Q

[METHOD]
FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF UNUSUAL PROTEINS IN THE SERUM

A

CIE

120
Q

[METHOD]
USED FOR THE SCREENING OF NEWBORNS

A

CIE

121
Q

[METHOD]
DETECTS CIRCULATING FIBRINOGEN OR FIBRIN SPLIT CLOTS

A

CIE

122
Q

[METHOD]
AGAR IS CUT IN A TRIANGULAR PATTERN

A

CIE

123
Q

[METHOD]
1ST IMMUNOPHORETIC TECHNIQUE

A

GRABBAR WILLIAMS TEST

124
Q

[METHOD]
IDENTIFICATION OF ABNORMAL PROTEINS

A

GRABBAR WILLIAMS

125
Q

[METHOD]
USED TO MONITOR THE PURITY OF DRUGS

A

GRABBAR WILLIAMS

126
Q

[METHOD]
USES A QUALITATIVE OR SEMI-QUANTITATIVE METHOD OF FRACTIONATING COMPLEX AGS IN A MXTURE

A

GRABBAR WILLIAMS

127
Q

[METHOD]
VARIATION OF IEP

A

IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS

128
Q

2 STAGES OF IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS

A

ELECTOPHORESIS
IMMUNOPRECIPITATION

IMMUNOSEROLOGY (11 decks)

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