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IMMUNOSEROLOGY > [LEC] Antigens and Antibodies > Flashcards

[LEC] Antigens and Antibodies Flashcards

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1
Q

ABILITY OF THE ANTIGEN TO REACT SPECIFICALLY WITH THE ANTIBODIES OR CELLS IT PROVOKED

A

SPECIFIC REACTIVITY

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2
Q

TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIGENS

A

SPECIFIC REACTIVITY
IMMUNOGENICITY

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3
Q

SUBSTANCE WITH THE ABILITY TO COMBINE WITH AN ANTIBODY

A

ANTIGEN

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4
Q

ABILITY TO PROVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

IMMUNOGENICITY

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5
Q

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPECIFIC REACTIVITY AND IMMUNOGENICITY

A

SPECIFIC REACTIVITY IS THE REACTION TO THE OUTCOME OF THE RESPONSE
IMMUNOGENICITY IS THE PROVOKING OF THE RESPONSE

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6
Q

SUBSTANCE THAT IS ABLE TO INDUCE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

IMMUNOGEN

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7
Q

SMALL MOLECULES THAT CAN BIND TO A LARGER CARRIER MOLECULE AND BEHAVE AS AN ANTIGEN

A

HAPTEN

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8
Q

WHAT SHOULD A HAPTEN DO TO BE ABLE TO EVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

BIND WITH A SCHLEPPER OR CARRIER MOLECULE

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9
Q

TYPES OF HAPTENS

A

SIMPLE OR NONPRECIPITATING
COMPLEX OR PRECIPITATING

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10
Q

DIFFERENCE OF A SIMPLE AND COMPLEX HAPTEN

A

SIMPLE CAN COMBINE WITH AB, CANNOT PRECIPITATE
COMPLEX CAN COMBINE WITH AB, CAN PRODUCE PRECIPITATES

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11
Q

LARGER MOLECULES ATTACHED TO HAPTENS

A

SCHLEPPER MOLECULES

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12
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A HAPTEN BINDS WITH A SCHLEPPER MOLECULE

A

CAN IVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

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13
Q

OTHER TERM FOR HAPTEN

A

INCOMPLETE ANTIGEN

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14
Q

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A COMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE ANTIGE

A

THEIR ABILITY TO STIMULATE AN AB RESPONSE BY THEMSELVES

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15
Q

EXAMPLES OF COMPLETE ANTIGENS

A

BACTERIAL CELLS AND PROTEINS

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16
Q

PART OF THE ANTIGEN THAT IS PROTEIN IN NATURE

A

CARRIER

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17
Q

PART OF AN ANTIGEN THAT IS NOT PROTEIN IN NATURE

A

HAPTEN

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18
Q

WILL A MOLECULE THAT IS LESS THAN 5,000 D EVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

NO

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19
Q

DO ANTIGENS HAVE MULTIPLE EPITOPES

A

YES

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20
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING IMMUNOGENICITY

A

FOREIGNNESS
SIZE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND COMPLEXITY
ROUTE, DOSAGE, AND TIMING
DEGRADABILITY

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21
Q

SAME INDIVIDUAL
SAME SPECIES

A

AUTOLOGOUS ANTIGEN
AUTOANTIGEN

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22
Q

ANTIGENS THAT DON’T USUALLY COME IN CONTACT WITH ANTIBODIES BUT ARE PRESENT WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL

A

SEQUESTERED ANTIGENS

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23
Q

ANTIGEN THAT IS UNIQUE TO CERTAIN ORGANS

A

TISSUE SPECIFIC ANTIGENS

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24
Q

ANTIGENS FOUND IN INDIVIDUALS OF AN INBRED STRAIN WHO ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL

A

SYNGENEIC ANTIGEN

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25
SAME SPECIES DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL
ALLOGENEIC HOMOLOGOUS ANTIGEN ALLOANTIGEN
26
DIFFERENT SPECIES DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL
XENOGENEIC HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGEN HERTEROANTIGEN
27
ANTIGENS THAT OCCUR IN DIFFERENT SPECIES AND HAS PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF SOME INFECTIONS
HETEROPHILE ANTIGENS HETEROGENEIC ANTIGENS
28
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF A POTENTIAL ANTIGEN
MW > 10,000 DALTONS
29
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF A GOOD IMMUNOGEN
MW = 40,000 DALTONS
30
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AN EXCELLENT IMMUNOGEN
MW >1,000,000 DALTONS
31
REASON WHY PROTEINS ARE THE IMMUNOGENS
MORE STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT
32
MOST TO LEAST COMPLEX MOLECULES
PROTEINS > POLYSACCHARIDES > LIPIDS > NUCLEIC ACIDS
33
MOLECULE THAT IS NOT IMMUNODOMINANT
NUCLEIC ACIDS
34
SECOND BEST IMMUNOGENIC MOLECULE
POLYSACCHARIDES
35
WHY ARENT POLYSACCHARIDES BETTER THAN PROTEINS AT BEING IMMUNOGENIC
MOLECULE IS NOT IN CONTACT LONG ENOUGH TO INDUCE A REACTION SUSCEPTIBLE TO RAPID DEGRADATION WEAK AND PARTIAL
36
MOST EFFECTIVE ROUTES FOR ANTIGENS
INTRAEDRMAL INTRAVENOUS
37
SHOULD AN ANTIGEN BE INSOLUBLE OR SOLUBLE FOR IT TO BE EFFECTIVE
INSOLUBLE
38
SPECIALIZED ANTIGENS THAT MISGUIDE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
SUPERANTIGENS
39
MECHANISM OF SUPERANTIGENS
SKIP THE ANTIGEN PROCESSING PROCESS AND STIMULATE NONSPECIFIC T CELL ACTIVATION MASS ACTIVATION OF T CELLS INCREASES INFLAMMATORY INTERLEUKINS
40
WHAT IS AN AUTOGRAFT
GRAFT TRANSFERRED FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER IN THE SAME INDIVIDUAL
41
WHAT IS A SYNGRAFT
GRAFT TRANSPLANTED BETWEEN DIFFERENT BUT IDENTICAL RECIPIENT AND DONOR
42
WHAT IS AN ALLOGRAFT O HOMOGRAFT
GRAFT BETWEEN GENETICALLY DIFFERENT RECIPIENT AND DONORS OF THE SAME SPECIES
43
WHAT IS A XENOGRAFT
GRAFT BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
44
WHAT ARE OPSONINS
MOLECULES THAT ENHANCE PHAGOCYTOSIS
45
ADJUVANTS FOR T AND B CELLS
SYNTHETIC MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE
46
ADJUVANT FOR PHAGOCYTES
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE IN ABSORBED ANTIGENS
47
ADJUVANTS FOR THE HIV VACCINE
SQUALENE; MF59
48
SUBSTANCES ADMINISTERD WITH AN IMMUNOGEN TO INCREASE THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
ADJUVANTS
49
CELLS THAT ADJUVANTS TARGET
ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS
50
MECHANISM OF ADJUVANTS
PROTECT IMMUNOGENS FROM DEGRADATION ALLOW A LONGER RESPONSE TIME ATTRACTION OF A LARGER AMOUNT OF IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS AT THE INJECTION SITE
51
TRUE OR FALSE ADJUVANTS INCREASE THE NEED FOR BOOSTER IMMUNIZATIONS
FALSE DECREASE THE NEED BECAUSE IT INCREASES IMMUNE RESPONSE FACTORS
52
TRUE OR FLASE ALL TYPES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS ARE FOUND IN THE GAMMA REGION
FALSE
53
THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES
NEUTRALIZATION OPSONIZATION CELL DESTRUCTION
54
DESCRIBE THE NEUTRALIZATION MECHANISM OF ANTIBODIES
THEY INACTIVATE CERTAIN SUBSTANCES TO PREVENT THEM FROM BINDING TO THEIR TARGET CELLS
55
DESCRIBE THE OPSONIZATION MECHANISM OF ANTIBODIES
THEY COAT PATHOGENS WITH PROTEINS TO ENHANCE THE ENGULFMENT PROCESS
56
EXAMPLE OF EXTRAVASCULAR CELL DESTRUCTION MECHANISMS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
57
EXAMPLE OF INTRAVASCULAR CLEARANCE MECHANISMS
COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
58
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES
NEUTRALIZE TOXIC SUBSTANCES FACILITATE PHAGOCYTOSIS COMBINE WITH ANTIGENS OF CELLULAR SURFACES
59
SUBSTANCE PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC STIMULATION THAT IS CAPABLE OF SPECIFIC INTERACTION WITH THE IMMUNOGEN
ANTIBODIES
60
WHAT FEATURES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOCK-AND-KEY RELATIONSHIP OF AG AND AB BINDING
SPATIAL ORIENTATION CHEMICAL COMPLEMENTARITY
61
DETERMINANT SITE OF AN IMMUNOGEN
EPITOPE
62
CELLS THAT RECOGNIZE EPITOPES
B OR T CELLS
63
TRUE OR FALSE A SMALL AMOUNT OF AN IMMUNOGEN IS SUFFICIENT ENOUGH TO INVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE
FALSE
64
WHAT HAPPENS TO A LYMPHOCYTE THAT REACTS WITH SELF ANTIGENS
ELIMINATED Under normal conditions
65
TRUE OR FALSE THE MORE DIFFERENT THE IMMUNOGEN IS FROM THE HOST, THE LESSER THE STIMULUS
FALSE GREATER STIMULUS
66
ARE REPEATING UNITS WITH NO BENDING OR FOLDING IN THE MOLECULE GOOD IMMUNOGENS
NO THEY ARE NONIMMUNOGENIC
67
AMINO ACIDS FOLLOWING ONE ANOTHER ON A SINGLE CHAIN
LINEAR EPITOPES
68
FOLDING OF ONE CHAIN OR MULTIPLE CHAINS RESULTS IN WHAT KIND OF EPITOPE
CONFORMATIONAL EPITOPE
69
TRUE OR FALSE EPITOPES RECOGNIZED BY B AND T CELLS ARE ALWAYS THE SAME
FALSE MAY DIFFER
70
TRUE OR FALSE ANYTHING THAT IS CAPABLE OF CROSS-LINKING SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULIN MOLECULES CAN TRIGGER B CELL ACTIVATION
TRUE
71
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO AN IMMUNOGEN FOR IT TO BE RECOGNIZED BY A T CELL
HAS TO BE DEGRADED INTO SMALL PEPTIDES BY AN APC
72
CAN HAPTENS TRIGGER PRECIPITATION OR AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS
NEITHER A HAPTEN HAS A SINGLE DETERMINANT SITE AND CANNOT FORM CROSSLINKS WITH MORE THAN ONE ANTIBODY
73
HOW MANY DETERMINANT SITES DO HAPTENS HAVE
ONE

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