[LEC/LAB] Antibodies Flashcards
1
Q
NUMBER OF POLYPEPTIDE UNITS
A
4
2
Q
NUMBER OF AMINO ACIDS ON THE HEAVY CHAINS
A
450
3
Q
NUMBER OF AMINO ACIDS ON THE LIGHT CHAINS
A
220
4
Q
IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES ON THE HEAVY CHAINS
A
DELTA
ALPHA
GAMMA
EPSILON
MU
5
Q
IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES ON THE LIGHT CHAINS
A
KAPPA
LAMBDA
6
Q
WHICH IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES ARE PRESENT ON ALL LIGHT CHAINS
A
KAPPA
LAMBDA
7
Q
FORMER NAME OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
A
GAMMA GLOBULINS
8
Q
WHY IS KAPPA MORE THAN LAMBDA IN THE LIGHT CHAIN
A
DUE TO GENETIC REARRANGEMENT
LAMBDA STEMS FROM KAPPA
9
Q
HOLDS LIGHT CHAIN TO HEAVY CHAIN
A
DISULFIDE BONDS
10
Q
CONSISTS OF 1 LIGHT CHAIN AND 1/2 HEAVY CHAIN
A
FAB FRAGMENT
11
Q
HOW MANY FRAGMENTS MAKE UP 1 AG BINDING SITE
A
2 FAB FRAGMENTS
12
Q
MEANING OF FAB
A
FRAGMENT ANTIGEN BINDING
13
Q
MEANING OF FC
A
FRAGMENT CRYSTALLINE
14
Q
CARBOXY TERMINAL END HALVES OF THE TWO HEAVY CHAINS
A
FC FRAGMENT
15
Q
PORTION OF THE ANTIBODY THAT HAS NO AG-BINDING ABILITY
A
FC PORTION
16
Q
IG PART THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE OF CLASS AND AG-AB REACTION THAT OCCURS
A
CONSTANT REGION
17
Q
IG PART THAT DIFFERS ANTIBODY CLASSES FROM EACH OTHER
A
CONSTANT REGION OF THE HEAVY CHAIN
18
Q
AMINO TERMINAL END OF THE IG
A
VARIABLE REGION
19
Q
PART OF THE IG WHERE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE VARIES
A
VARIABLE REGION
20
Q
PART OF THE IG THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS SPECIFICITY
A
VARIABLE REGION
21
Q
REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF BINDING SITES
A
VALENCE
22
Q
FLEXIBLE PORTION OF THE HEAVY CHAIN
A
HINGE REGION
23
Q
LOCATION OF THE HINGE REGION
A
BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND CONSTANT REGIONS
24
Q
GLYCOPROTEIN THAT SERVES TO LINK IG MONOMERS TOGETHER
A
J CHAIN
25
IMMUNOGLOBULINS THAT HAVE A J CHAIN
IGA
IGM
26
PH AT WHICH SERUM PROTEINS CAN BE SEPARATED
PH 8.6
27
SLOWEST MOVING PROTEIN
IG
28
REGION IN WHICH IMMUUNOGLOBULINS APPEAR IN AN ELECTROPHORETIC SET UP
GAMMA BAND
29
MAIN HUMORAL ELEMENT OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
IG
30
FIVE MAJOR CLASSES OF IG
GMADE
31
HOW MANY VARIABLE REGIONS AND CONSTANT REGIONS DOES A CHAIN HAVE
1 VARIABLE REGION
1 OR MORE CONSTANT REGIONS
32
SCIENTISTS WHO WORKED ON IGGs
EDELMAN
PORTER
33
SOLUTION EDELMAN USED TO UNFOLD THE IGG MOLECULE
7M UREA
34
SOLUTION USED TO BREAK DOWN SULFHYDRYL BONDS
MERCAPTOETHANOL
35
ENZYME USED TO CLEAVE IGG INTO THREE PIECES
PAPAIN
36
METHOD USED BY PORTER TO SEPARATE IGG
CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
37
CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE FC FRAGMENT OCCURED AT WHAT TEMPERATURE
4C
38
EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE FC PORTION
OPSONIZATION
COMPLEMENT FIXATION
39
ENZYME USED TO CLEAVE IGG AT THE CARBOXY TERMINAL SIDE OF THE INTERCHAIN DISULFIDE BONDS
PAPAIN
40
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FC AND FC’
FC1 DISINTEGRATES INTO SEVERAL SMALLER PIECE WHEN CLEAVED
41
PROTEIN FOUND IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH THIS CLINICAL CONDITION
BENCE JONES PROTEINS
42
CELLS THAT SECRETE THE BENCE JONES PROTEINS
MALIGNANT PLASMA CELLS
43
BEHAVIOR OF BENCE JONES PROTEINS WHEN HEATED
60C — PRECIPITATE FROM URINE
80C — REDISSOLVE
44
PERCENTAGE OF KAPPA CHAINS
60%
45
[TRUE OR FALSE]
THERE ARE NO FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN KAPPA AND LAMBDA CHAINS
TRUE
46
CHAINS THAT ARE FOUND N ALL FIVE CLASSES OF IG
KAPPA
LAMBDA
47
MINOR VARIATIONS OF IGG SEQUENCES PRESENT IN SOME INDIVIDUALS BUT NOT OTHERS
ALLOTYPES
48
UNIQUE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE THAT IS PRESENT ON ALL IG CLASSES IN A GIVEN SPECIES
ISOTYPE
49
GENETIC MARKERS FOUND ON THE CONSTANT REGION
ALLOTYPES
50
VARIABLE PORTIONS OF EACH CHAIN THAT ARE UNIQUE TO A SPECIFIC AB MOLECULE
IDIOTYPE
51
PART OF THE IG THAT CONTAINS THE IDIOTYPE
AMINO TERMINAL ENDS
OF H AND L CHAINS
52
THE AG RECOGNITION UNIT IS COMPOSED OF WHICH PARTS OF THE IG
AMINO TERMINAL ENDS OF
THE L AND H CHAINS
53
PROTEIN THAT ALLOWS THE HINGE REGION TO BE FLEXIBLE
PROLINE
54
IG CLASSES WITH AND WITHOUT THE HINGE REGION
WITH — GDA
WITHOUT — ME
55
FUNCTIONS OF THE CARBOHYDRATE PORTION
INCREASE SOLUBILITY
PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST DEGRADATION
ENHANCE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE FC DOMAINS
56
REGION THAT IS DIRECTLY IN CONTACT WITH THE AG AND CAN MUTATE TO PRODUCE MORE SPECIFIC AND DIVERSE RESPONSES
HYPERVARIABLE REGION
57
PREDOMINANT IG IN HUMANS
IGG
(70-75%)
58
IG WITH THE LONGEST HALF LIFE
IGG
23 DAYS
59
SUBCLASSES OF IGG
IGG1
IGG2
IGG3
IGG4
60
DIFFERENTIATING CHARACTERISTIC OF IGG SUBCLASSES
NUMBER AND POSITION OF DISULFIDE BRIDGES
61
WHAT AFFECTS THE ABILITY TO REACH FOR AN AG AND INITIATE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
VARIABILITY IN THE HINGE REGION
62
IGG SUBCLASS WITH THE LARGEST HINGE REGION
IGG3
3 > 1 > 2 > 4
63
IGG SUBCLASS WITH THE LARGEST NUMBER OF INTERCHAIN DISULFIDE BONDS
IGG3
64
MOST EFFICIENT IGG SUBCLASS AT BINDING COMPLEMENT
IGG3
3>1>2>4
65
IGG SUBCLASSES WITH SHORTER HINGE REGIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
IGG4
IGG2
MAKES THE POOR MEDIATORS OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
66
IGG SIBCLASS THAT CANNOT CROSS THE PLACENTA
IGG2
67
IG THAT PROVIDES IMMUNITY FOR THE NEWBORN AND WHY
IGG
Only IgG that can cross the placenta
68
IG THAT FIXES COMPLEMENT
IGG
69
IG THAT COATS ANTIGEN FOR ENHANCED PHAGOCYTOSIS
IGG
Opsonization
70
WHAT IS OPSONIZATION
COATING OF AN ANTIGEN FOR ENHANCED PHAGOCYTOSIS
71
IG THAT NEUTRALIZES TOXINS AND VIRUSES
IGG
72
IG THAT IS BEST AT PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
IGG
73
IGG SUBCLASS THAT RESPOND TO PROTEIN AG
IGG1
IGG3
74
IGG SUBCLASSES THAT RESPOND TO POLYSACCHARIDE AG
IGG2
IGG4
75
CELLS THAT HAVE RECEPTORS SPECIFIC FOR IGG
MACROPHAGES
MONOCYTES
NEUTROPHILS
76
IGG SUBCLASS THAT IS GOOD AT INITIATING PHAGOCYTOSIS
IGG3
77
EFFECT OF HAVING A HIGH DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT
ABLE TO ENTER EXTRAVASCULAR SPACES MORE READILY
78
WHY IS IGG BETTER AT PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
BECAUSE PRECIPITATION INVOLVES SMALL SOLUBLE PARTICLES
79
IG CLASS KNOWN AS A MACROGLOBULIN
IGM
80
HALF LIFE OF IGM
ABOUT 6 DAYS
81
PERCENTAGE OF IGM
5% TO 10%
82
SOLUTION THAT DISSOCIATES IGM
MERCAPTOETHANOL
83
IGM FORM FOUND IN SERUM
PENTAMER
84
IGM FORM FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF B CELLS
MONOMER
85
LINKAGE POINTS FOR DISULFIDE BONDS BETWEEN TWO ADJACENT MONOMERS
J CHAIN
86
HOW DOES THE J CHAIN INITIATW POLYMERIZATION
BINDING FC SULFHYDRYL GROUPS SO THAT CROSS LINKING CAN OCCUR
87
WHAT FACILITATES SECRETION AT MUCOSAL SURFACES
J CHAIN
88
HOW MANY J CHAINS ARE PRESENT PER PENTAMER
ONE
89
STARLIKE SHAPE
IGM
90
WHAT PROPERTY OF IGM MAKES UP FOR THEIR POOR AFFINITIES FOR AG
HIGH VALENCY
91
MAIN LOCATION OF IGM
INTRAVASCULAR POOL
NOT IN OTHER BODY FLUIDS OR TISSUES
92
PRIMARY RESPONSE AB
IGM
93
FIRST IG TO APPEAR AFTER ANTIGENIC STIMULATION
IGM
94
FIRST IG TO APPEAR IN A MATURING INFANT
IGM
95
IG THAT IS SYNTHESIZED ONLY WHILE AG IS PRESENT
IGM
96
WHY IS IGM SYNTHESIZED ONLY WHEN AG IS PRESENT
NO MEMORY CELLS FOR IGM
97
PRESENCE OF THIS AB INDICATES A PRIMARY EXPOSURE TO AG
IGM
98
PHENOMENON CHARACTERIZED BY:
LONG LAG PHASE
SLOW INCREASE IN AB
SHORT-LIVED RESPONSE
PRIMARY RESPONSE
99
PHENOMENON CHARACTERIZED BY:
LARGER NUMBER OF AG-SPECIFIC MEMORY T AND B CELLS
SECONDARY RESPONSE
100
IG USED IN COMPLEMENT FIXATION
IGM
101
IG BEST AT AGGLUTINATION AND WHY
IGM
HIGH VALENCY
102
IG USED IN OPSONIZATION
IGM
103
IG USED TO NEUTRALIZE TOXINS
IGM
104
MOST EFFICIENT IG AT ACTIVATING THE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY
IGM
105
IG THAT SERVES AS A SURFACE RECEPTOR FOR AG
IGM
106
CHAINS THAT APPEAR FIRST IN THE CYTOPLASM OF THE PRE-B CELL
MU CHAINS
107
IG THAT CLASSIFIES LYMPHOCYTES AS IMMATURE B CELLS
IGM
108
CAN IGs HAVE ODD NUMBERED VALENCES
NO
109
MOST PRIMITIVE IG
IGM
110
FIRST IG TO APPEAR IN PHYLOGENY AND LAST TO LEAVE IN SENSENCE
IGM
111
IG THAT MIGRATES BETWEEN THE BETA AND GAMMA REGIONS
IGA
112
SUBCLASSES OF IGA
IGA1
IGA2
113
IGA SUBCLASS THAT IS MORE RESISTANT TO BACTERIAL PROTEINASES
IGA2
114
PREDOMINANT IGA SUBCLASS IN SECRETIONS AT MUCOSAL SURFACES
IGA2
115
PREDOMINANT IGA SUBCLASS IN SERUM
IGA1
116
ANTI INFLAMMATORY IG
IGA
117
DOWNREGULATES PHAGOCYTOSIS, CHEMOTAXIS, BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY, AND CYTOKINE RELEASE
IGA
118
WHAT DOMAINS DOES IGA2 PREDOMINANTLY PATROL AND WHY
MUCOSAL SURFACES
BECAUSE THEY ARE MAJOR ENTRY POINTS FOR PATHOGENS
119
IG WITH A SECRETORY COMPONENT
IGA
120
DESCRIBE THE FORMATION OF SECRETORY IGA
IGA IS SECRETED AS A DIMER FROM PLASMA CELLS
IGA IS CAPTURED BY RECEPTORS ON EPITHELIAL CELLS
(RECEPTOR IS SC)
SC BINDS WITH IGA AND EXITS THE CELL AS ONE
121
PROCESS OF TAKING THE IGA AND SC PRECURSOR INTO THE CELL AND RELEASING IT TO THE OPPOSITE SURFACE
TRANSCYTOSIS
122
MAIN FUNCTION OF IGA
PATROL MUCOSAL SURFACES AND ACT AS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE
123
IG FOUND IN BREASTMILK
IGA
124
ADVANTAGE OF IGA NOT BEING ABLE TO ACTIVATE COMPLEMENT
MINIMIZATION OF TISSUE DAMAGE
LACK OF COMPLEMENT ASSISTS IN CLEARING THE ANTIGEN WITHOUT TRIGGERING AN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
125
BINDING OF IGA TO NEUTROPHILS, MONOCYTES, AND MACROPHAGES TRIGGERS WHAT REACTION
RESPIRATORY BURST
DEGRANULATION
126
DISCOVERY OF IGD WAS IN A PATIENT WITH WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
127
EXTREMELY SCARCE IG IN SERUM
IGE
128
HALF LIFE OF IGD
1 TO 3 DAYS
129
WHAT KIND OF CELLS ARE MOST IGD FOUND ON
IMMUNOCOMPETENT BUT UNSTIMULATED
B LYMPHOCYTES
130
SECOND IG TO APPEAR IN B CELL ACTIVATION
IGA
131
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGD THAT MAKES IT AN IDEAL EARLY RESPONDER TO AG
HIGH LEVEL OF SURFACE EXPRESSION
132
IG MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO PROTEOLYSIS AND WHY
IGD
UNUSUALLY LONG HINGE REGION
133
IG THAT HAS THE ABILITY TO ACTIVATE MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS
IGE
134
LEAST ABUNDANT IG
IGE
135
MOST HEAT LABILE IG
IGE
136
HEAT STABILITY TEST CONDITIONS OF IGE
56C FOR 30 MINS TO 3 HRS
137
IG THAT DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN COMPLEMENT FIXATION, AGGLUTINATION, OPSONIZATION
IGE
138
CELL FOUND MAINLY IN THE SKIN AND LINING OF RESPIRATORY TRACTS
MAST CELLS
139
IG THAT BINDS STRONGLY TO THE RECEPTORS ON MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS
IGE
140
PROTEINS THAT MAKE CELLS POROUS FOR GRANZYMES TO ENTER AND PROMOTE APOPTOSIS
PERFORINS
141
IG THAT IS ANTIPARASITIC
IGE
142
[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
TEMPLATE THEORY
BREINT HAROWITZ
AG WILL BE THE MOULD OR PATTERN FOR AB PRODUCTION
143
[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
SIDE CHAIN
PAUL EHRLICH
B CELLS CONTAIN ALL AB TO AG
BODY WILL CHOSE WHICH AB TO REPRODUCE
144
[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
INSTRUCTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
TEMPLATE THEORY
145
[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
FUNDAMENTAL BASIS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION
CLONAL SELECTION THEORY
146
[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
CLONAL SELECTION THEORY
B CELL ONLY HAS ONE AG
BODY WILL DUPLICATE THE CHOSEN B CELL
MEMORY B CELLS WILL BE FORMED
147
GENE THAT EXPRESSES WHAT AB TO CREATE
VDJ GENE
148
EXPLAIN HOW CLASS SWITCHING WORKS
T DEPENDENT AG WILL SWITCH
START WITH IGM
SWITCH TO THE CLASS THAT IS AFTER IGM
RECOMBINATION EVENT WILL EXPRESS NEW CLASSES OF HEAVY CHAINS
149
PLASMA CELL + MYELOMA CELL
HYBRIDOMA
150
METHOD THAT APPLIES HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY WITH SPLEEN CELLS FROM A MOUSE
MONOCLONAL AB PRODUCTION
151
SPLEEN CELLS ARE COMBINED WITH MYELOMA CELLS IN THE PRESENCE OF
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL
PEG
152
CULTURE USED IN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE
HAT MEDIUM
HYPOXANTHINE
AMINOPTERIN
THYMIDINE
