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IMMUNOSEROLOGY > [LEC/LAB] Antibodies > Flashcards

[LEC/LAB] Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

NUMBER OF POLYPEPTIDE UNITS

A

4

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2
Q

NUMBER OF AMINO ACIDS ON THE HEAVY CHAINS

A

450

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3
Q

NUMBER OF AMINO ACIDS ON THE LIGHT CHAINS

A

220

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4
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES ON THE HEAVY CHAINS

A

DELTA
ALPHA
GAMMA
EPSILON
MU

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5
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES ON THE LIGHT CHAINS

A

KAPPA
LAMBDA

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6
Q

WHICH IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES ARE PRESENT ON ALL LIGHT CHAINS

A

KAPPA
LAMBDA

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7
Q

FORMER NAME OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS

A

GAMMA GLOBULINS

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8
Q

WHY IS KAPPA MORE THAN LAMBDA IN THE LIGHT CHAIN

A

DUE TO GENETIC REARRANGEMENT

LAMBDA STEMS FROM KAPPA

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9
Q

HOLDS LIGHT CHAIN TO HEAVY CHAIN

A

DISULFIDE BONDS

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10
Q

CONSISTS OF 1 LIGHT CHAIN AND 1/2 HEAVY CHAIN

A

FAB FRAGMENT

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11
Q

HOW MANY FRAGMENTS MAKE UP 1 AG BINDING SITE

A

2 FAB FRAGMENTS

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12
Q

MEANING OF FAB

A

FRAGMENT ANTIGEN BINDING

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13
Q

MEANING OF FC

A

FRAGMENT CRYSTALLINE

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14
Q

CARBOXY TERMINAL END HALVES OF THE TWO HEAVY CHAINS

A

FC FRAGMENT

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15
Q

PORTION OF THE ANTIBODY THAT HAS NO AG-BINDING ABILITY

A

FC PORTION

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16
Q

IG PART THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE OF CLASS AND AG-AB REACTION THAT OCCURS

A

CONSTANT REGION

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17
Q

IG PART THAT DIFFERS ANTIBODY CLASSES FROM EACH OTHER

A

CONSTANT REGION OF THE HEAVY CHAIN

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18
Q

AMINO TERMINAL END OF THE IG

A

VARIABLE REGION

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19
Q

PART OF THE IG WHERE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE VARIES

A

VARIABLE REGION

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20
Q

PART OF THE IG THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS SPECIFICITY

A

VARIABLE REGION

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21
Q

REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF BINDING SITES

A

VALENCE

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22
Q

FLEXIBLE PORTION OF THE HEAVY CHAIN

A

HINGE REGION

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23
Q

LOCATION OF THE HINGE REGION

A

BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND CONSTANT REGIONS

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24
Q

GLYCOPROTEIN THAT SERVES TO LINK IG MONOMERS TOGETHER

A

J CHAIN

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25
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULINS THAT HAVE A J CHAIN

A

IGA
IGM

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26
Q

PH AT WHICH SERUM PROTEINS CAN BE SEPARATED

A

PH 8.6

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27
Q

SLOWEST MOVING PROTEIN

A

IG

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28
Q

REGION IN WHICH IMMUUNOGLOBULINS APPEAR IN AN ELECTROPHORETIC SET UP

A

GAMMA BAND

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29
Q

MAIN HUMORAL ELEMENT OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

IG

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30
Q

FIVE MAJOR CLASSES OF IG

A

GMADE

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31
Q

HOW MANY VARIABLE REGIONS AND CONSTANT REGIONS DOES A CHAIN HAVE

A

1 VARIABLE REGION
1 OR MORE CONSTANT REGIONS

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32
Q

SCIENTISTS WHO WORKED ON IGGs

A

EDELMAN
PORTER

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33
Q

SOLUTION EDELMAN USED TO UNFOLD THE IGG MOLECULE

A

7M UREA

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34
Q

SOLUTION USED TO BREAK DOWN SULFHYDRYL BONDS

A

MERCAPTOETHANOL

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35
Q

ENZYME USED TO CLEAVE IGG INTO THREE PIECES

A

PAPAIN

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36
Q

METHOD USED BY PORTER TO SEPARATE IGG

A

CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

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37
Q

CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE FC FRAGMENT OCCURED AT WHAT TEMPERATURE

A

4C

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38
Q

EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE FC PORTION

A

OPSONIZATION
COMPLEMENT FIXATION

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39
Q

ENZYME USED TO CLEAVE IGG AT THE CARBOXY TERMINAL SIDE OF THE INTERCHAIN DISULFIDE BONDS

A

PAPAIN

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40
Q

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FC AND FC’

A

FC1 DISINTEGRATES INTO SEVERAL SMALLER PIECE WHEN CLEAVED

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41
Q

PROTEIN FOUND IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH THIS CLINICAL CONDITION

A

BENCE JONES PROTEINS

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42
Q

CELLS THAT SECRETE THE BENCE JONES PROTEINS

A

MALIGNANT PLASMA CELLS

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43
Q

BEHAVIOR OF BENCE JONES PROTEINS WHEN HEATED

A

60C — PRECIPITATE FROM URINE
80C — REDISSOLVE

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44
Q

PERCENTAGE OF KAPPA CHAINS

A

60%

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45
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]
THERE ARE NO FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN KAPPA AND LAMBDA CHAINS

A

TRUE

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46
Q

CHAINS THAT ARE FOUND N ALL FIVE CLASSES OF IG

A

KAPPA
LAMBDA

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47
Q

MINOR VARIATIONS OF IGG SEQUENCES PRESENT IN SOME INDIVIDUALS BUT NOT OTHERS

A

ALLOTYPES

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48
Q

UNIQUE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE THAT IS PRESENT ON ALL IG CLASSES IN A GIVEN SPECIES

A

ISOTYPE

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49
Q

GENETIC MARKERS FOUND ON THE CONSTANT REGION

A

ALLOTYPES

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50
Q

VARIABLE PORTIONS OF EACH CHAIN THAT ARE UNIQUE TO A SPECIFIC AB MOLECULE

A

IDIOTYPE

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51
Q

PART OF THE IG THAT CONTAINS THE IDIOTYPE

A

AMINO TERMINAL ENDS
OF H AND L CHAINS

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52
Q

THE AG RECOGNITION UNIT IS COMPOSED OF WHICH PARTS OF THE IG

A

AMINO TERMINAL ENDS OF
THE L AND H CHAINS

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53
Q

PROTEIN THAT ALLOWS THE HINGE REGION TO BE FLEXIBLE

A

PROLINE

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54
Q

IG CLASSES WITH AND WITHOUT THE HINGE REGION

A

WITH — GDA
WITHOUT — ME

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55
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE CARBOHYDRATE PORTION

A

INCREASE SOLUBILITY
PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST DEGRADATION
ENHANCE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE FC DOMAINS

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56
Q

REGION THAT IS DIRECTLY IN CONTACT WITH THE AG AND CAN MUTATE TO PRODUCE MORE SPECIFIC AND DIVERSE RESPONSES

A

HYPERVARIABLE REGION

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57
Q

PREDOMINANT IG IN HUMANS

A

IGG
(70-75%)

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58
Q

IG WITH THE LONGEST HALF LIFE

A

IGG
23 DAYS

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59
Q

SUBCLASSES OF IGG

A

IGG1
IGG2
IGG3
IGG4

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60
Q

DIFFERENTIATING CHARACTERISTIC OF IGG SUBCLASSES

A

NUMBER AND POSITION OF DISULFIDE BRIDGES

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61
Q

WHAT AFFECTS THE ABILITY TO REACH FOR AN AG AND INITIATE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

A

VARIABILITY IN THE HINGE REGION

62
Q

IGG SUBCLASS WITH THE LARGEST HINGE REGION

A

IGG3

3 > 1 > 2 > 4

63
Q

IGG SUBCLASS WITH THE LARGEST NUMBER OF INTERCHAIN DISULFIDE BONDS

A

IGG3

64
Q

MOST EFFICIENT IGG SUBCLASS AT BINDING COMPLEMENT

A

IGG3

3>1>2>4

65
Q

IGG SUBCLASSES WITH SHORTER HINGE REGIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION

A

IGG4
IGG2

MAKES THE POOR MEDIATORS OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION

66
Q

IGG SIBCLASS THAT CANNOT CROSS THE PLACENTA

A

IGG2

67
Q

IG THAT PROVIDES IMMUNITY FOR THE NEWBORN AND WHY

A

IGG
Only IgG that can cross the placenta

68
Q

IG THAT FIXES COMPLEMENT

A

IGG

69
Q

IG THAT COATS ANTIGEN FOR ENHANCED PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

IGG
Opsonization

70
Q

WHAT IS OPSONIZATION

A

COATING OF AN ANTIGEN FOR ENHANCED PHAGOCYTOSIS

71
Q

IG THAT NEUTRALIZES TOXINS AND VIRUSES

A

IGG

72
Q

IG THAT IS BEST AT PRECIPITATION REACTIONS

A

IGG

73
Q

IGG SUBCLASS THAT RESPOND TO PROTEIN AG

A

IGG1
IGG3

74
Q

IGG SUBCLASSES THAT RESPOND TO POLYSACCHARIDE AG

A

IGG2
IGG4

75
Q

CELLS THAT HAVE RECEPTORS SPECIFIC FOR IGG

A

MACROPHAGES
MONOCYTES
NEUTROPHILS

76
Q

IGG SUBCLASS THAT IS GOOD AT INITIATING PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

IGG3

77
Q

EFFECT OF HAVING A HIGH DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT

A

ABLE TO ENTER EXTRAVASCULAR SPACES MORE READILY

78
Q

WHY IS IGG BETTER AT PRECIPITATION REACTIONS

A

BECAUSE PRECIPITATION INVOLVES SMALL SOLUBLE PARTICLES

79
Q

IG CLASS KNOWN AS A MACROGLOBULIN

A

IGM

80
Q

HALF LIFE OF IGM

A

ABOUT 6 DAYS

81
Q

PERCENTAGE OF IGM

A

5% TO 10%

82
Q

SOLUTION THAT DISSOCIATES IGM

A

MERCAPTOETHANOL

83
Q

IGM FORM FOUND IN SERUM

A

PENTAMER

84
Q

IGM FORM FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF B CELLS

A

MONOMER

85
Q

LINKAGE POINTS FOR DISULFIDE BONDS BETWEEN TWO ADJACENT MONOMERS

A

J CHAIN

86
Q

HOW DOES THE J CHAIN INITIATW POLYMERIZATION

A

BINDING FC SULFHYDRYL GROUPS SO THAT CROSS LINKING CAN OCCUR

87
Q

WHAT FACILITATES SECRETION AT MUCOSAL SURFACES

A

J CHAIN

88
Q

HOW MANY J CHAINS ARE PRESENT PER PENTAMER

A

ONE

89
Q

STARLIKE SHAPE

A

IGM

90
Q

WHAT PROPERTY OF IGM MAKES UP FOR THEIR POOR AFFINITIES FOR AG

A

HIGH VALENCY

91
Q

MAIN LOCATION OF IGM

A

INTRAVASCULAR POOL
NOT IN OTHER BODY FLUIDS OR TISSUES

92
Q

PRIMARY RESPONSE AB

A

IGM

93
Q

FIRST IG TO APPEAR AFTER ANTIGENIC STIMULATION

A

IGM

94
Q

FIRST IG TO APPEAR IN A MATURING INFANT

A

IGM

95
Q

IG THAT IS SYNTHESIZED ONLY WHILE AG IS PRESENT

A

IGM

96
Q

WHY IS IGM SYNTHESIZED ONLY WHEN AG IS PRESENT

A

NO MEMORY CELLS FOR IGM

97
Q

PRESENCE OF THIS AB INDICATES A PRIMARY EXPOSURE TO AG

A

IGM

98
Q

PHENOMENON CHARACTERIZED BY:
LONG LAG PHASE
SLOW INCREASE IN AB
SHORT-LIVED RESPONSE

A

PRIMARY RESPONSE

99
Q

PHENOMENON CHARACTERIZED BY:
LARGER NUMBER OF AG-SPECIFIC MEMORY T AND B CELLS

A

SECONDARY RESPONSE

100
Q

IG USED IN COMPLEMENT FIXATION

A

IGM

101
Q

IG BEST AT AGGLUTINATION AND WHY

A

IGM
HIGH VALENCY

102
Q

IG USED IN OPSONIZATION

A

IGM

103
Q

IG USED TO NEUTRALIZE TOXINS

A

IGM

104
Q

MOST EFFICIENT IG AT ACTIVATING THE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY

A

IGM

105
Q

IG THAT SERVES AS A SURFACE RECEPTOR FOR AG

A

IGM

106
Q

CHAINS THAT APPEAR FIRST IN THE CYTOPLASM OF THE PRE-B CELL

A

MU CHAINS

107
Q

IG THAT CLASSIFIES LYMPHOCYTES AS IMMATURE B CELLS

A

IGM

108
Q

CAN IGs HAVE ODD NUMBERED VALENCES

A

NO

109
Q

MOST PRIMITIVE IG

A

IGM

110
Q

FIRST IG TO APPEAR IN PHYLOGENY AND LAST TO LEAVE IN SENSENCE

A

IGM

111
Q

IG THAT MIGRATES BETWEEN THE BETA AND GAMMA REGIONS

A

IGA

112
Q

SUBCLASSES OF IGA

A

IGA1
IGA2

113
Q

IGA SUBCLASS THAT IS MORE RESISTANT TO BACTERIAL PROTEINASES

A

IGA2

114
Q

PREDOMINANT IGA SUBCLASS IN SECRETIONS AT MUCOSAL SURFACES

A

IGA2

115
Q

PREDOMINANT IGA SUBCLASS IN SERUM

A

IGA1

116
Q

ANTI INFLAMMATORY IG

A

IGA

117
Q

DOWNREGULATES PHAGOCYTOSIS, CHEMOTAXIS, BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY, AND CYTOKINE RELEASE

A

IGA

118
Q

WHAT DOMAINS DOES IGA2 PREDOMINANTLY PATROL AND WHY

A

MUCOSAL SURFACES
BECAUSE THEY ARE MAJOR ENTRY POINTS FOR PATHOGENS

119
Q

IG WITH A SECRETORY COMPONENT

A

IGA

120
Q

DESCRIBE THE FORMATION OF SECRETORY IGA

A

IGA IS SECRETED AS A DIMER FROM PLASMA CELLS

IGA IS CAPTURED BY RECEPTORS ON EPITHELIAL CELLS
(RECEPTOR IS SC)

SC BINDS WITH IGA AND EXITS THE CELL AS ONE

121
Q

PROCESS OF TAKING THE IGA AND SC PRECURSOR INTO THE CELL AND RELEASING IT TO THE OPPOSITE SURFACE

A

TRANSCYTOSIS

122
Q

MAIN FUNCTION OF IGA

A

PATROL MUCOSAL SURFACES AND ACT AS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE

123
Q

IG FOUND IN BREASTMILK

A

IGA

124
Q

ADVANTAGE OF IGA NOT BEING ABLE TO ACTIVATE COMPLEMENT

A

MINIMIZATION OF TISSUE DAMAGE

LACK OF COMPLEMENT ASSISTS IN CLEARING THE ANTIGEN WITHOUT TRIGGERING AN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

125
Q

BINDING OF IGA TO NEUTROPHILS, MONOCYTES, AND MACROPHAGES TRIGGERS WHAT REACTION

A

RESPIRATORY BURST
DEGRANULATION

126
Q

DISCOVERY OF IGD WAS IN A PATIENT WITH WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

127
Q

EXTREMELY SCARCE IG IN SERUM

A

IGE

128
Q

HALF LIFE OF IGD

A

1 TO 3 DAYS

129
Q

WHAT KIND OF CELLS ARE MOST IGD FOUND ON

A

IMMUNOCOMPETENT BUT UNSTIMULATED
B LYMPHOCYTES

130
Q

SECOND IG TO APPEAR IN B CELL ACTIVATION

A

IGA

131
Q

CHARACTERISTIC OF IGD THAT MAKES IT AN IDEAL EARLY RESPONDER TO AG

A

HIGH LEVEL OF SURFACE EXPRESSION

132
Q

IG MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO PROTEOLYSIS AND WHY

A

IGD
UNUSUALLY LONG HINGE REGION

133
Q

IG THAT HAS THE ABILITY TO ACTIVATE MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS

A

IGE

134
Q

LEAST ABUNDANT IG

A

IGE

135
Q

MOST HEAT LABILE IG

A

IGE

136
Q

HEAT STABILITY TEST CONDITIONS OF IGE

A

56C FOR 30 MINS TO 3 HRS

137
Q

IG THAT DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN COMPLEMENT FIXATION, AGGLUTINATION, OPSONIZATION

A

IGE

138
Q

CELL FOUND MAINLY IN THE SKIN AND LINING OF RESPIRATORY TRACTS

A

MAST CELLS

139
Q

IG THAT BINDS STRONGLY TO THE RECEPTORS ON MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS

A

IGE

140
Q

PROTEINS THAT MAKE CELLS POROUS FOR GRANZYMES TO ENTER AND PROMOTE APOPTOSIS

A

PERFORINS

141
Q

IG THAT IS ANTIPARASITIC

A

IGE

142
Q

[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
TEMPLATE THEORY
BREINT HAROWITZ

A

AG WILL BE THE MOULD OR PATTERN FOR AB PRODUCTION

143
Q

[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
SIDE CHAIN
PAUL EHRLICH

A

B CELLS CONTAIN ALL AB TO AG
BODY WILL CHOSE WHICH AB TO REPRODUCE

144
Q

[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
INSTRUCTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

A

TEMPLATE THEORY

145
Q

[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
FUNDAMENTAL BASIS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION

A

CLONAL SELECTION THEORY

146
Q

[ANTIBODY DIVERSITY THEORY]
CLONAL SELECTION THEORY

A

B CELL ONLY HAS ONE AG
BODY WILL DUPLICATE THE CHOSEN B CELL
MEMORY B CELLS WILL BE FORMED

147
Q

GENE THAT EXPRESSES WHAT AB TO CREATE

A

VDJ GENE

148
Q

EXPLAIN HOW CLASS SWITCHING WORKS

A

T DEPENDENT AG WILL SWITCH

START WITH IGM
SWITCH TO THE CLASS THAT IS AFTER IGM

RECOMBINATION EVENT WILL EXPRESS NEW CLASSES OF HEAVY CHAINS

149
Q

PLASMA CELL + MYELOMA CELL

A

HYBRIDOMA

150
Q

METHOD THAT APPLIES HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY WITH SPLEEN CELLS FROM A MOUSE

A

MONOCLONAL AB PRODUCTION

151
Q

SPLEEN CELLS ARE COMBINED WITH MYELOMA CELLS IN THE PRESENCE OF

A

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL
PEG

152
Q

CULTURE USED IN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE

A

HAT MEDIUM

HYPOXANTHINE
AMINOPTERIN
THYMIDINE

IMMUNOSEROLOGY (11 decks)

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