LAB URINALYSIS

Question 1

The composition of urine

Answer 1

95% water and 5% solutes

Question 2

Primary organic component (nearly half). Metabolic waste product produced in the live from the breakdown of protein and amino acid

Answer 2

Urea

Question 3

Product of nucleic acid breakdown in food and cells

Answer 3

Uric acid

Question 4

Primary inorganic component of urine. Found in combination with sodium (table salt) and many other inorganic substances

Answer 4

Chloride

Question 5

Primary from salt, varies by intake

Answer 5

Sodium

Question 6

Combined with chloride and other salts

Answer 6

Potassium

Question 7

Combines with sodium to buffer the blood

Answer 7

Phosphate

Question 8

Regulates blood and tissue fluids acidity

Answer 8

Ammonium

Question 9

Combines with chloride, sulfate and phosphate

Answer 9

Calcium

Question 10

Urine ___: 1200 to 1500 mL
___ : 600 to 2000 mL

Answer 10

Normal
Range of normal urine

Question 11

Decrease in urine output

• commonly seen when the body enters a state of dehydration as a result of excessive water loss from vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration or severe burns

Less than 400 mL/day in adults

Answer 11

Oliguria

Question 12

Commonly from oliguria

• cessation of urine flow
• may result from any serious damage to the kidneys
• decrease in the flow of blood to the kidneys

Answer 12

Anuria

Question 13

Increase in nocturnal excretion of urine

• kidneys excrete two to three times more urine during the day than during the night

Answer 13

Nocturia

Question 14

Increase in daily urine volume

• often associated with diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus
• artificially induced by diuretics, caffeine or alcohol (suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone)
• Greater than 2.5L/day in adults

Answer 14

Polyuria

Question 15

Caused by a defect in either pancreatic production of insulin or in the function of insulin

• Results in an increased body glucose concentration

Answer 15

Diabetes mellitus

Question 16

The kidneys do not reabsorb excess glucose, necessitating excretion of increased amounts of water to remove the dissolved glucose from the body

Answer 16

Diabetes mellitus

Question 17

Specimen: Appearing dilute but has a high specific gravity because of increased in glucose

What type of diabetes ?

Answer 17

Diabetes mellitus

Question 18

Results from decrease in the production or function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

• water necessary for adequate body hydration is not reabsorbed from the plasma filtrate

Answer 18

Diabetes insipidus

Question 19

Specimen: Urine is truly dilute and has a low specific gravity

Answer 19

Diabetes insipidus

Question 20

Greater urine volume

Answer 20

Polydipsia

Question 21

Often the first symptom of diabetes mellitus and insipidus

Answer 21

Polyuria

Question 22

How many mL is recommended

Answer 22

50 mL
- 12 mL for microscopic analysis

Question 23

Type of container that is Suggested if more than 2 hours elapse between specimen of collection and analysis

Answer 23

Sterile containers

Question 24

It is a device that has a needle and an evacuated tube holder

Answer 24

Transfer straw

Question 25

What type of preservatives is being asked ? Advantages: Does not interfere with chemical tests Disadvantages: Precipitated amorphous phosphate and urates Prevent bacterial growth for 24 hours

Answer 25

Refrigeration

Question 26

What type of preservatives is being asked? Advantages: prevents bacterial growth and metabolism Disadvantages: Interferes with drug and hormone analysis Keeps pH at about 6.0 can be used for urine culture transport

Answer 26

Boric acid

Question 27

What type of preservatives is being asked ? Advantages: excellent sediment preservative Disadvantages: Acts as a reducing agent, interfering with chemical tests for glucose, blood, leukocytes esterase, and copper reduction Rinse specimen container with formalin to preserve cells and casts

Answer 27

Formalin

Question 28

What type of preservatives is being asked ? Advantages: Is a good preservatives for drug analysis Disadvantages: inhibits reagent strip tests for glucose, blood and leukocytes

Answer 28

Sodium fluoride

Question 29

What specimen is being asked? • Routine screening • most commonly received • convenience for patient • collected at any time

Answer 29

Random specimen

Question 30

What specimen is being asked? • Routine screening • PREGNANCY TEST • Orthostatic protein • CONCENTRATED SPECIMEN • Assuring detection of chemicals and formed elements that may not be present in a dilute random specimen

Answer 30

First morning specimen

Question 31

What specimen is being asked? • Required when the concentration of the substance to be measured changes with diurnal variations and with daily activities such as exercise, meals, and body metabolism

Answer 31

24-hour specimen

Question 32

What specimen is being asked? • Collected under sterile conditions by passing a hallow tube through the urethra into the bladder • ____ most commonly requested test on a this type of specimen

Answer 32

Catheterized specimen Bacterial culture

Question 33

What specimen is being asked? • Safer, less traumatic method for obtaining urine for bacterial culture and routine analysis • Provided with appropriate cleansing materials, a sterile container, and instructions for cleansing and voiding

Answer 33

Midstream clean catch specimen

Question 34

What specimen is being asked? • External introduction of a needle through the abdomen into the bladder • Use for CYTOLOGIC EXAMINATION

Answer 34

Suprapubic aspiration

Question 35

What specimen is being asked? • Cleansed using the male midstream clean-catch procedure • Instead of discarding the first urine passed, it is collected in a sterile container

Answer 35

Three-glass collection