PARTICLES AND ITS PROPERTIES

Question 1

Explains the properties of solids and liquids in terms of the INTERMOLECULAR FORCE of ATTRACTION and the KINETIC ENERGY of the individual particles

Answer 1

Kinetic molecular model

Question 2

Attractive forces BETWEEN NEIGHBORING PARTICLES of one or more substances

Answer 2

Intermolecular forces

Question 3

Keeps the particles at a distance and/ or moving around

Answer 3

Kinetic energy

Question 4

• Held by very strong forces of attraction
• particles are not free to move
• particles vibrate in fixed position

Answer 4

Movement (solid)

Question 5

• Held by strong forces of attraction
• Particles are able to slide past one another

Answer 5

Movement (liquid)

Question 6

Attractive force between molecules. Responsible for keeping matter in solid or liquid phase

Answer 6

Intermolecular forces

Question 7

Forces that hold atoms together in a molecule

Answer 7

Intramolecular forces

Question 8

Are the forces within a molecule or ionic compound

Ex: individual therapy
NaCI ionic bond between atom of Na and atom of CI

Answer 8

Intramolecular forces

Question 9

Are the forces between molecules or ions and molecules

Ex: couples therapy
Solid liquid gas

Answer 9

Intermolecular forces

Question 10

____ are stronger because it would take a lot more energy to overcome covalent bonds and break apart the molecule than to overcome ___ in between the atoms (to make it become a liquid or gas)

Answer 10

Intramolecular bonds > Intermolecular forces

Question 11

Depending on its strength, it causes the forming of three physical states : solid, liquid and gas

Answer 11

Intermolecular forces

Question 12

The intermolecular forces of attraction in a pure substance
(Include dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, and london dispersion forces)

Answer 12

Van der waals

Question 13

These are internolecular forces of attraction between neutral molecules

Answer 13

Van der waals forces

Question 14

The ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond

Answer 14

Electronegativity

Question 15

The ___ the electronegativity value for an element the stronger its ability to attract shared electrons

Answer 15

Higher

Question 16

The ___ the electronegativity difference between two atoms, the more polar the bond will be

Answer 16

Larger

Question 17

A ___ bond can be polar or nonpolar

Answer 17

Covalent

Question 18

Non polar covalent -
Polar covalent -
Ionic -

Answer 18

< = 0.4
0.5 - 1.9
> = 2.0

Question 19

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction

(Typically five to ten times stronger than other dipole-dipole attractions)

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds

Question 20

• ___ is attached to a highly electronegative atom (N,O,F)

• ____ should be small highly electronegative atom (N,O,F)

Answer 20

Hydrogen
Hydrogen bond acceptor

Question 21

Result from the interaction between an ion and a polar molecule

Answer 21

Ion-dipole force

Question 22

Exist between all atoms and molecules

Answer 22

London dispersion force

Question 23

These are the only forces present in nonpolar molecules

Answer 23

London dispersion force

Question 24

They arise from the continous movement of electrons in particles

Answer 24

London dispersion force

Question 25

Are attractions between an instantaneous dipole and an induced dipole

Answer 25

London dispersion force

Question 26

The ___ of molecule can affect the london dispersion force between two molecules. - The ___ the molecule, the ___ the attraction between two molecules

Answer 26

Size Bigger Stronger

Question 27

• Strong • Within molecules • not strongly affected by physical changes • Chemical bonds • Determine chemical behavior of substance • Covalent, ionic and metallic bonds

Answer 27

Intramolecular

Question 28

• Weak • Between molecules • Strongly affected by physical changes • Attractive forces • Determine the state/ phase of matter • london force, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, etc.

Answer 28

Intermolecular

Question 29

• Strong • Within molecules • not strongly affected by physical changes • Chemical bonds • Determine chemical behavior of substance • Covalent, ionic and metallic bonds

Answer 29

Intramolecular

Question 30

Intermolecular forces that bind like molecules to one another (ex: hydrogen bonding)

Answer 30

Cohesive forces

Question 31

Intermolecular forces that bind a substance to a surface

Answer 31

Adhesive forces

Question 32

• Adhesive forces are greater than cohesive forces • Cohesive are greater than adhesive forces

Answer 32

Water Mercury

Question 33

The property of a liquid to RESIST AN EXTERNAL FORCES thus assuming a lesser surface area

Answer 33

Surface tension

Question 34

Attributed to the STRONG ATTRACTIVE and COHESIVE FORCES between among the molecules, particularly at the surface of the liquid

Answer 34

Surface tension

Question 35

The RESISTANCE of liquid to FLOW - THICKNESS or THINNESS of a liquid. A glassful of water is relatively faster to pour than a glassful of oil or honey

Answer 35

Viscosity

Question 36

The ___ the intermolecular forces, the more viscous the substance

Answer 36

Greater

Question 37

The pressure exerted by its vapor in the thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system

Answer 37

Vapor pressure

Question 38

A substance with a high vapor pressure at a normal temperature is often referred to as ___

Answer 38

Volatile

Question 39

The temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure

Answer 39

Boiling point

Question 40

The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a substance at its boiling point

Answer 40

Molar heat of vaporization

Question 41

The application of ___ disrupts the intermolecular forces of attraction of the liquid molecules and allows them to vaporize

Answer 41

Heat

Question 42

It is also determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces between molecules

Answer 42

Molar heat of vaporization

Question 43

Another way surface tension manifests

Answer 43

Capillary action

Question 44

The rise of liquids up very narrow tubes. This is limited by adhesive and cohesive forces

Answer 44

Capillary action

Question 45

The molecules in a ___ are closely packed together and contain the least amount of kinetic energy

Answer 45

Solid

Question 46

Characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to a force applied to the surface

Answer 46

Solid

Question 47

Can be classified as crystalline or amorphous based on the arrangement of their particles

Answer 47

Solid

Question 48

Particles that are arranged in an ordered and symmetrical pattern that is repeated over the entire crystal

Answer 48

Crystalline solid

Question 49

“ SOLIDS WITHOUT FORM” - the particles do not have repeating lattice pattern

Answer 49

Amorphous solid

Question 50

Also called “ PSEUDO SOLIDS”

Answer 50

Amorphous solid

Question 51

Does not have a melting point; instead, its melting gradually over a range of temperatures, because the bonds do not break all at once

Answer 51

Amorphous solid

Question 52

• Formed by cation and anion, typical metals and nonmetals • Crystalline solids • High melting pointe and boiling points due to strong attractions • Poor conductors in solid form good conductors in solution • Brittle

Answer 52

Ionic solids

Question 53

• Neutral molecules that form molecular lattice structures • Low MP and BP • Non-conductors in all states

Answer 53

Molecular solids

Question 54

• Distinct atoms all bound covalently • High MP and BP • Made of carbons and Si Ge and B

Answer 54

Covalent network solids

Question 55

• great conductors or heat and electricity • ductile and malleable • MP and BP vary

Answer 55

Metallic solids