Laboratory Equipment Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
Macroscopic
A
large enough to be seen with the naked eye
2
Q
Microscopic
A
can only be seen through a microscope
3
Q
Working Distance
A
distance between objective lens and specimen
4
Q
Resolution (Resolving Power)
A
detail produce by a microscope
5
Q
Field
A
area in view
6
Q
Magnification
A
the degree to which an object is enlarged
7
Q
Total Magnification
A
eyepiece magnification (10x) x objective magnification
8
Q
Parfocal
A
ability of a microscope to remain in focus when switching objectives
9
Q
Reversibility
A
mirrors that reverse an image so specimen can be viewed
10
Q
Monocular
A
one eyepiece
11
Q
Binocular
A
two eyepieces
12
Q
What is the 4x objective called?
A
scanning objective
13
Q
What is the 10x objective called?
A
fecal objective
14
Q
What is the 40x objective called?
A
high dry objective
15
Q
What is the 100x objective called?
A
oil immersion objective
16
Q
Stage
A
supports the slide/specimen being viewed
17
Q
Stage Adjustment
A
moves stage side to side or forward and back
18
Q
Rotating Nose Piece
A
spins objectives of different sizes
19
Q
Objectives
A
magnifying lenses that are closest to the specimen, can be changes to increase magnification
20
Q
Condenser
A
focuses light into the objectives, adjustments can change contrast
21
Q
Coarse Adjustment
A
focuses the image; can move the stage quickly, a large distance
22
Q
Illuminator
A
light source
23
Q
What kind of paper should be used to clean the objectives?
A
lens paper
24
Q
Supernatant
A
the liquid portion of the sample, such as plasma or serum
25
What is a micro centrifuge?
used for capillary (hematocrit) tubes
26
What is a clinical centrifuge?
used for test tubes
27
What are the two types of clinical centrifuges?
angled and horizontal
28
What is an angled centrifuge?
holds test tubes at a fixed angle
can be used for urine and blood
29
What is the tachometer on a centrifuge?
sets the speed
30
How should tubes be loaded into a centrifuge?
open end of tubes towards the center
31
What can happen if a centrifuge is ran too fast or too long?
can rupture and destroy morphologic features in the sediment
32
What is a refractometer?
used to measure concentration of solids in liquids
33
What does a refractometer measure specific gravity in?
urine or other fluids
34
What does a refractometer measure total protein of?
plasma or other fluids
35
Specific gravity and total protein of a solution ________________________.
are directly proportional to its concentration of dissolved substances
36
Pertaining to SG/TP, decreased water intake = ______________________________
increased values
37
Pertaining to SG/TP, increased water intake = ____________________________
decreased values
38
What is a hemacytometer?
specialized slide with etched grids to count WBC, RBC, and platelets
39
What objective do you use to look at hemacytometers?
10x
40
When reading a hemacytometer, how do you know if you have read it right?
cell amounts on each side should not vary more than 10%
41
What are blood chemistry machines?
use liquid or dry reagents or slides than contain dry reagents
42
What are dry systems (blood chemistry machines)?
reagent impregnated slides, pads or cartridges
use reflective assays (color change if present)
43
What are liquid systems (blood chemistry machines)?
use lyophilized reagent, or already prepared liquid reagent
44
What are dedicated-use analyzers?
used if only a single test is required
used in emergency situations
45
What is the care and maintenance for blood chemistry machines?
have warm up period
best to turn on in the and then leave them on all day
follow manufacturer maintenance schedule
46
What are the disadvantages of commercial labs (out of house)?
samples are not as fresh, longer waiting time
47
What is an incubator used for?
microbiology
48
What should stay constant with an incubator?
temperature (37*C)
49
What are thrombocytes?
platelets
50
What do WBC's do?
fight infections
51
What do RBC's do?
carries oxygen
52
What is MCHC?
amount of hemoglobin in RBC's
53
RDW
red cell distribution width
54
What is RDW?
how wide red blood cell is
avg. = 7 microns
55
What is general glassware?
dose not measure exact amounts
56
What are some examples of volumetric glassware?
graduated cylinder, volumetric pipette, Pasteur pipette, volumetric flask
57
When sending out bloodwork, what should be noted in the chart?
if the patient has any medications administered prior to drawing a sample
58
What can happen if a patient is not properly fasted before drawing a sample?
sample can be lipemic (fatty serum)
59
When drawing a sample, what needle should be used?
largest size that is comfortable for the animal
60
Why is it important to minimize trauma during venipuncture?
could cause hemolysis (damaged RBC)
61
If a sample is not used within an hour, what should be done?
put in fridge
62
When you need to use a refrigerated sample, what should be done?
sample should be brought back to room temperature and put on a blood rocker
63
What is plasma made up of?
90% water and 10% solutes
64
What is the buffy coat?
contains WBCs and platelets
65
What is fibrinogen?
plasma protein
66
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
plasma has protein, serum does not
67
What does fibrinogen do?
helps form blood clots
68
Resolution (Resolving Power)
detail produced by microscope
69
Field
area in view
70
Total Magnification
eyepiece magnification (10x) x objective magnification
71
Eyepieces
usually two; pieces you look through to view a specimen
72
Fine Adjustment
focuses the image, moves the stage in very small increments
73
Iris Diaphragm
controls diameter of the light beam
74
Sediment
the solid component of the sample, such as the blood cells
75
What is a horizontal centrifuge?
aka swing arm; test tubes hang vertically at rest and swing outward when spinning
used for feces or urine
76
What can happen if a centrifuge is ran too slow or not long enough?
may not completely separate sample
77
What do whole blood machines (hematology analyzer [Lasercyte]) do?
generates hematologic data for the CBC
counts cells and determines the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and MCHC
78
What should stay in the incubator to maintain proper humidity?
a dish of water
79
What do platelets do?
helps to clot the blood
80
What is HCT?
percent of RBC in whole blood
81
MCHC
mean carpuscular hemoglobin concentration
82
What are some examples of general glassware?
culture tubes, petri dish, centrifuge tubes, blood tubes, Erlenmeyer flask, and beaker
83
What is volumetric glassware?
transfers, delivers, and stores exact amounts, permanently etches calibration marks
84
When drawing blood, what is the most preferred blood sample?
venous
85
What is ideal prior to testing a patient?
12-hr fast
86
How much blood should you collect for testing?
enough blood to run your test 3x
87
When should blood smears be made?
should be made within 15 minutes of collecting the sample
88
What does clotted blood yield?
serum
89
What does unclotted blood yield?
plasma
90
What is the ideal time for serum separator clot?
15 minutes, can clot in roughly 10 minutes
