RBC Maturation

Question 1

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 1

production of all blood cells and platelets

Question 2

In a fetus where does hematopoiesis take place?

Answer 2

liver and spleen

Question 3

What is red bone marrow?

Answer 3

active, where cells are being made

Question 4

What is yellow bone marrow?

Answer 4

inactive, (as an animal gets older the red marrow is replaced by fat cells giving it yellow color)

Question 5

When cells are produced, what are the two types of cells they can develop into?

Answer 5

myeloid or lymphoid

Question 6

What are all blood cells produced from?

Answer 6

PPSC/common ancestor cell

Question 7

If a cell develops into a myeloid, can it change into a lymphoid, and vise versa?

Answer 7

no, its path cannot be reversed

Question 8

What is erythropoietin?

Answer 8

hormone that is responsible for RBC production

Question 9

What is erythropoiesis?

Answer 9

production of RBCs

Question 10

What are the stages of erythropoiesis?

Answer 10

Rubriblast, Prorubricyte, Rubricyte, Metarubricyte, Reticulocyte, RBC

Question 11

What is a Rubriblast?

Answer 11

most immature RBC (only one with a nucleolus)

Question 12

% of Rubriblasts in bone marrow

Answer 12

~1%

Question 13

What is the nucleus to cytoplasm ratio in a Rubriblast?

Answer 13

7:1

Question 14

% of Prorubricytes in bone marrow

Answer 14

3-4%

Question 15

% of Rubricyte in bone marrow

Answer 15

35%

Question 16

What is polychromatic?

Answer 16

many color

Question 17

What is polychromatic?

Answer 17

many colors

Question 18

If reticulocytes are seen in a horse, is that good or bad?

Answer 18

bad

Question 19

If reticulocytes are seen in dogs/cats, is that good or bad?

Answer 19

good, this means the patient has regenerative anemia

Question 20

Reticulocytes do not have a ___________.

Answer 20

nucleus

Question 21

A RBC has a __________ shape.

Answer 21

biconcave shape

Question 22

What is the average size of a canine RBC?

Answer 22

7 microns

Question 23

What is the average life span of a RBC?

Answer 23

120 days

Question 24

What abnormality is normal to see on feline RBC?

Answer 24

Howell-Jolly bodies

Question 25

Feline RBCs have a ___________________.

Answer 25

less distinct central pallor

Question 26

What is aggultination?

Answer 26

bridging and clumping of RBC

Question 27

In what patients is agglutination sometimes seen in?

Answer 27

patients with immune mediated disorders

Question 28

What is rouleaux?

Answer 28

grouping of erythrocytes in stacks

Question 29

Rouleaux in a normal finding in what species?

Answer 29

horses

Question 30

How can you tell the difference between agglutination and rouleaux?

Answer 30

saline test; add a drop of saline to a drop of blood, rouleaux formations will disperse whereas agglutination will not

Question 31

What are poikilocytes?

Answer 31

erythrocytes with abnormal shapes for the species at hand

Question 32

What is a spherocyte?

Answer 32

sphere shaped with little to no central pallor

Question 33

In what patients are spherocytes typically seen in?

Answer 33

patients with IMHA

Question 34

What are ghost cells?

Answer 34

ruptured RBCs that lose their hemoglobin

Question 35

What are eccentrocytes?

Answer 35

RBC with peripheral clear areas and displaced hemoglobin

Question 36

What are echinocytes also called?

Answer 36

crenations

Question 37

What are echinocytes?

Answer 37

spiculated RBCs, have evenly spaced surface projections

Question 38

When are echinocytes seen?

Answer 38

in patients with renal disease

Question 39

What are burr cells?

Answer 39

appear similar to echinocytes in canine, but elongated in felines

Question 40

What are acanthocytes also called?

Answer 40

spur cells?

Question 41

What are acanthocytes?

Answer 41

RBCs with 2-10 irregularly shaped blunt surface projections

Question 42

When are acanthocytes seen?

Answer 42

in patients with liver disease or hemangio sarcoma

Question 43

What are "blister" cells?

Answer 43

rupture to form the keratocyte

Question 44

What are keratocytes?

Answer 44

RBCs with two uniform horn-like projections due to areas of damage

Question 45

What are hypochromic cells?

Answer 45

color variation of the cell

Question 46

What are torocytes?

Answer 46

color variation, aka punched out cell

Question 47

What are stomotocytes?

Answer 47

have elongated "mouth-like" area of central pallor

Question 48

What species are ovalocytes normal in?

Answer 48

camels, goats, and sheep

Question 49

What are codocytes?

Answer 49

has an extra round membrane in the middle of the cell giving a target-like appearance

Question 50

What are knizocytes?

Answer 50

bar cells, central bar shaped outfolding of the membrane

Question 51

What are Schistocytes?

Answer 51

fragments of RBCs

Question 52

What is DIC?

Answer 52

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 53

When are Schistocytes seen?

Answer 53

in patients with DIC

Question 54

What are Dacrocytes?

Answer 54

tear shaped cell

Question 55

When are Dacrocytes seen?

Answer 55

may be seen in patients with myelofibrosis

Question 56

What are Howell Jolly Bodies?

Answer 56

basophilic nuclear remnants; small fragment of non-functional nucleus left behind by spleen when RBC left bone marrow

Question 57

What is basophilic stippling?

Answer 57

presence of small. round, dark blue granules within the erythrocyte

Question 58

When is basophilic stippling seen?

Answer 58

patients with lead poisoning

Question 59

When are Distemper Viral Inclusion Bodies seen?

Answer 59

often present during the acute phase of infection with Canine Distemper

Question 60

What are Heinz Bodies?

Answer 60

round structures often projecting from surface of RBC

Question 61

When do Heinz Bodies form?

Answer 61

form when hemoglobin change in usual shape

Question 62

What species is it normal to see some Heinz Bodies?

Answer 62

healthy cats can have Heinz Bodies present in up to 5% of RBC

Question 63

The erythrocyte precursor that has a round, dense to completely pyknotic nucleus is known as a ____________.

Answer 63

metarubricyte

Question 64

In a normal marrow sample, which cell should be least commonly found?

Answer 64

prorubricyte

Question 65

At what stage does an immature RBC have enough HgB to carry O2?

Answer 65

reticulocyte

Question 66

What species has the smallest normal RBC?

Answer 66

caprine

Question 67

Erythrocytes that are elliptical and anucleated and lack central pallor?

Answer 67

llama

Question 68

A discocyte is a __________.

Answer 68

biconcave disc-shaped cell

Question 69

What occurs most frequently in dogs with iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 69

hypochromic cells

Question 70

An increased amount of which one of the following is a sign of RBC regeneration?

Answer 70

Howell-Jolly Bodies

Question 71

Distemper Viral inclusions can form in which cells?

Answer 71

RBCs, WBCs, and epithelial cells