Urine

Question 1

What is Azoturia?

Answer 1

excess urea in urine

Question 2

What is Urea?

Answer 2

nitrogenous waste, product of protein metabolism, formed in liver, excreted in urine

Question 3

What is Myoglobinuria?

Answer 3

muscle protein in urine

Question 4

What is False Hemoglobinuria?

Answer 4

RBC ruptured in urinary bladder

Question 5

What is True Hemoglobinuria?

Answer 5

RBC ruptured in vascular system

Question 6

What is Isothenuria?

Answer 6

maintenance of constant osmolality glucose completely regardless of changes in osmatic pressure in blood

Question 7

What is Micturition?

Answer 7

act of urinating

Question 8

What is FUS?

Answer 8

feline urological syndrome (FLUDTZ)

Question 9

What is normal output of urine for cats/dogs?

Answer 9

20-40ml/kg

Question 10

What is the average SG for dogs?

Answer 10

1.025

Question 11

What is the average SG for cats?

Answer 11

1.030

Question 12

What is the average SG range for Isothenuria?

Answer 12

1.008-1.012

Question 13

What tests are the least accurate tests on a dipstick?

Answer 13

Nitrate and Urobilinogen

Question 14

What stains can be used for urine?

Answer 14

Sternheimer-Melbin or New Methylene Blue

Question 15

Where do casts form?

Answer 15

form in the lumen of the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys

Question 16

What are casts made up of?

Answer 16

protein and mucoproteins

Question 17

What are the different types of casts?

Answer 17

Hyaline, Granular, Waxy, Cellular, and Fatty

Question 18

What is the most common casts seen?

Answer 18

Granular casts

Question 19

Which granular cast is younger?

Answer 19

coarse granular cast

Question 20

Which granular cast is older?

Answer 20

fine granular cast

Question 21

What cast is the most common in cats?

Answer 21

Fatty casts

Question 22

What parasites can be seen in the urine?

Answer 22

Capillaria plica (bladder worm), Microfilaria, Dioctophyma renale

Question 23

What is normal pH for dogs?

Answer 23

5.5-6.8

Question 24

What is normal pH for cats?

Answer 24

6-7

Question 25

What crystal is most commonly seen?

Answer 25

Struvite

Question 26

What is the second most common crystal seen?

Answer 26

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate

Question 27

For cytological evaluation, the sample should be _________________ to avoid changes to the urine.

Answer 27

centrifuged ASAP

Question 28

Why would urine be brown?

Answer 28

blood, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria

Question 29

What crystals/stones are found in Dalmations?

Answer 29

Uric Acid

Question 30

What crystals are seen with ethylene glycol toxicity (antifreeze)?

Answer 30

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate or Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate

Question 31

What does an increased amount of Cystine crystals indicate?

Answer 31

renal tubular disfunction

Question 32

What color is a hematuria sample once spun down?

Answer 32

clear, whole RBC at the bottom

Question 33

What color is a myoglobinuria sample once spun down?

Answer 33

red, whole RBCs and ghost cells at the bottom

Question 34

What color is a hemoglobinuria sample once spun down?

Answer 34

red, ghost cells at the bottom