Hematology

Question 1

What is the function of blood?

Answer 1

transports, controls water and pH, maintains body temperature, and regulates electrolytes

Question 2

What does blood transport?

Answer 2

oxygen and carbon dioxide, waste products, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, plasma proteins (fibrinogen), and toxins

Question 3

What is normal blood pH range?

Answer 3

7.35 - 7.45

Question 4

How does blood regulate electrolytes?

Answer 4

excessive salt is sent to renal system and expelled from body

Question 5

What is blood made up of?

Answer 5

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, plasma/serum

Question 6

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 6

red blood cells

Question 7

Where are RBC’s produced?

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

What is the function of RBC’s?

Answer 8

carries oxygen and waste from tissues

Question 9

What do RBC contain?

Answer 9

hemoglobin

Question 10

What are leukocytes?

Answer 10

white blood cells

Question 11

Where are WBC’s produced?

Answer 11

bone marrow

Question 12

In a blood sample, where can WBC’s be found?

Answer 12

buffy coat

Question 13

Where do WBC’s circulate?

Answer 13

the blood and lymphatic system

Question 14

What are the five different types of leukocytes?

Answer 14

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes

Question 15

What does a high WBC count mean?

Answer 15

infection

Question 16

What does a low WBC count mean?

Answer 16

bone marrow deficiency and viral disease

Question 17

What are thrombocytes?

Answer 17

platelets

Question 18

What are thrombocytes produced by?

Answer 18

megakarocyte

Question 19

What do thrombocytes control?

Answer 19

bleeding, helps to clot blood

Question 20

What is plasma?

Answer 20

straw colored fluid in which the blood cells are floating

Question 21

What does plasma contain that differentiates it from serum?

Answer 21

protein

Question 22

What is plasma made up of?

Answer 22

90% water and 10% solutes

Question 23

What electrolytes are in plasma?

Answer 23

K, Ca, Cl, and Na

Question 24

What does plasma do (besides help clotting)?

Answer 24

helps maintain body temperature by transporting blood cells and maintain pH

Question 25

What is serum?

Answer 25

plasma without protein

Question 26

What produces fibrinogen?

Answer 26

produced in the liver

Question 27

How are CBC's preformed?

Answer 27

manually or by automated analyzers

Question 28

What does a CBC consist of?

Answer 28

RBC count, PCV, TP, WBC count, reticulocytes, HgB concentration, RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), and blood smear

Question 29

What is complete RBC count?

Answer 29

estimated number of RBC in circulating blood

Question 30

What is PCV?

Answer 30

the proportion of blood that is occupied by RBC

Question 31

What is TP?

Answer 31

the measurement of all the plasma proteins in blood

Question 32

What does TP determine?

Answer 32

how well the liver in performing it's job of making the protein

Question 33

High TP = _____ water intake

Answer 33

low

Question 34

Low TP = _____ water intake

Answer 34

high

Question 35

What is a complete WBC count?

Answer 35

estimate of WBCs on circulating blood

Question 36

What is a blood smear?

Answer 36

smear of blood on a slide that enables us to grossly examine the cells

Question 37

What is a reticulocyte count?

Answer 37

number of immature RBCs in circulating blood, not performed unless indicated to do so

Question 38

What is HgB concentration?

Answer 38

how much HgB is in one RBC

Question 39

What are RBC indices?

Answer 39

indicate degree of anemia in patient

Question 40

What 5 parts does a spun down hematocrit tube have?

Answer 40

meniscus, plasma, buffy coat, packed RBC, clay

Question 41

What is a dog's normal PCV?

Answer 41

35-55%

Question 42

What is a cat's normal PCV?

Answer 42

30-45%

Question 43

What is a dog and cat's normal TP?

Answer 43

6-7.4g/dL

Question 44

What proteins can be found in plasma?

Answer 44

fibrinogen, albumin, and globulin

Question 45

What % of TP is made up of Albumin?

Answer 45

35-50%

Question 46

What % of TP in made up of Globulin?

Answer 46

~35%

Question 47

What % of TP is made up of fibrinogen?

Answer 47

3-6%

Question 48

What is hemoglobin made up of?

Answer 48

4 parts iron and 1 part protein

Question 49

What is the formula to calculate HgB concentration?

Answer 49

PCV/3

Question 50

What is the formula to calculate RBC count?

Answer 50

PCV/6

Question 51

What is the formula to calculate MCV?

Answer 51

PCV/RBC count x 10

Question 52

What is microcytic?

Answer 52

low MCV cells

Question 53

What is macrocytic?

Answer 53

high MCV cells

Question 54

Normocytic

Answer 54

normal MCV cells

Question 55

What is the formula to calculate MCH?

Answer 55

HgB/RBC count x 10

Question 56

What units is MCV measured in?

Answer 56

femtoliter (fl)

Question 57

What units is MCH measured in?

Answer 57

picograms (pg)

Question 58

What is MCV?

Answer 58

measure of the average size of the erythrocytes

Question 59

What is MCH?

Answer 59

measure of the average weight of hemoglobin contained in the average RBC

Question 60

What is MCHC?

Answer 60

measure of the concentration of HgB in the average RBC

Question 61

What is the formula to calculate MCHC?

Answer 61

HgB/PCV x 100

Question 62

What units is MCHC measured in?

Answer 62

g/dL

Question 63

What is hypochromic?

Answer 63

MCHC is below normal (less than average concentration of HgB)

Question 64

What is hyperchromatic?

Answer 64

MCHC is above normal (more than average concentration of HgB)

Question 65

What is normochromic?

Answer 65

MCHC is normal (normal concentration of HgB)

Question 66

What are the units for RBC count?

Answer 66

x10^6/ul

Question 67

What are the units for hemoglobin concentration?

Answer 67

g/dl