Vaginal Cytology

Question 1

What are the types of epithelial cells?

Answer 1

basal cells, parabasal cells, intermediated cells, superficial cells

Question 2

What are the youngest cells of the vaginal epithelium?

Answer 2

basal cells

Question 3

Where do basal cells live?

Answer 3

along basement membrane, hardly seen in cytology

Question 4

What are the smallest cells of the vaginal epithelium?

Answer 4

parabasal cells

Question 5

What are the oldest cells of the vaginal epithelium?

Answer 5

superficial cells

Question 6

What are the four stages of the estrous cycle?

Answer 6

proestrous, estrous, diestrous, anestrous

Question 7

What hormonal changes does a bitch have during proestrous?

Answer 7

increase in estrogen

Question 8

What hormonal changes does a bitch have during estrous?

Answer 8

decrease in estrogen, increase in progesterone

Question 9

How does a bitch behave during estrous?

Answer 9

stands to be bred

Question 10

What is the interval between successive estrous cycles?

Answer 10

7 months

Question 11

What hormonal changes does a bitch have during diestrous?

Answer 11

increase in progesterone

Question 12

What hormonal changes does a bitch have during anestrous?

Answer 12

decrease in progesterone if not pregnant

Question 13

What cells are seen during proestrous?

Answer 13

nondegenerative neutrophils, parabasal cell, intermediate cell, superficial cell, bacteria, RBCs

Question 14

What is the main cell that is looked for during proestrous?

Answer 14

red blood cells

Question 15

What cells are seen during estrous?

Answer 15

90% superficial cells, <5% parabasal/intermediate cells, bacteria

Question 16

What is the main cell that is looked for during estrous?

Answer 16

(fully) cornified superficial cells

Question 17

What cells are seen during diestrous?

Answer 17

superficial cells decrease to 70% and continue to decrease to 20%, neutrophils

Question 18

What cells are seen during anestrous?

Answer 18

parabasal cells and intermediate cells

Question 19

What are the clinical signs of vaginitis?

Answer 19

mucoid to purulent discharge, pollakiuria (polyuria), licking at vulva

Question 20

Vaginitis can occur regardless of ____________________________.

Answer 20

animals age, breed, or reproductive status

Question 21

Vaginitis is secondary to _________________.

Answer 21

vaginal anomalies

Question 22

What is the second most common form of reproductive neoplasia?

Answer 22

vaginal neoplasia

Question 23

What is the average age of occurrence of vaginal neoplasia?

Answer 23

9 years

Question 24

What is the most common form of reproductive neoplasia?

Answer 24

mammary neoplasia

Question 25

During which phase will the bitch stand to be bred?

Answer 25

estrous

Question 26

Why do we perform a semen collection?

Answer 26

as a prelude to AI, assess potential fertility, provide diagnostic information

Question 27

What does normal sperm look like?

Answer 27

milky and moderately viscous

Question 28

What does hemospermia look like?

Answer 28

red/pink color

Question 29

What does urine contaminated sperm look like?

Answer 29

yellow color

Question 30

Why would sperm look serous, greenish, or grayish?

Answer 30

inflammation

Question 31

Normal semen should be ____% motile.

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

How should a semen sample be viewed?

Answer 32

observe under 40x

Question 33

What is the most commonly used stain for sperm morphology?

Answer 33

nigrosin-eosin stain

Question 34

How does dead sperm appear when stained with nigrosin-eosin stain?

Answer 34

dead sperm appear pink

Question 35

What are some abnormalities that can be seen in sperm?

Answer 35

misshapen head, double headed sperm, detached head, bent tail or midpiece, coiled tail +/- droplets

Question 36

Which testicular tumor is benign?

Answer 36

Sertoli-Cell tumors

Question 37

Which testicular tumors are malignant?

Answer 37

Seminomas and Interstitial Cell tumors

Question 38

What is the rate of metastasis of Sertoli-Cell tumors?

Answer 38

less than 10%

Question 39

Metastasis is extremely ______ in Interstitial Cell tumors.

Answer 39

rare