Language

Question 1

Semanticity

Answer 1

Symbolic representation of objects and abstract concepts shared by all communicators

Question 2

Displacement

Answer 2

Ability to talk about the past and future

Question 3

Productivity

Answer 3

Ability to combine limited number of signs into infinite number of messages

Question 4

3 things languages have in common

Answer 4

Nouns
Verbs
Are structure dependent

Question 5

Phonemes

Answer 5

Basic sounds we put together to make speech

Question 6

How many phonemes

Answer 6

Around 100

Question 7

Study of phonemes

Answer 7

Phonetics

Question 8

Morphemes

Answer 8

Basic units of language

Question 9

Morphemes convey

Answer 9

Meaning and grammatical properties

Question 10

Morphemes can be

Answer 10

Free or bound

Question 11

Inflectional morpheme

Answer 11

Does not change the syntactic category of the morpheme (s, Ed, ing)

Question 12

Derivational morpheme

Answer 12

Creates new words (develop to development)

Question 13

Prefix

Answer 13

Comes at the beginning of the word to change it

Question 14

Suffix

Answer 14

Comes at the end of the word to change it

Question 15

Syntax

Answer 15

Rules which specify the ordering of words

Question 16

Sentence is made up of

Answer 16

A noun phrase and a verb phrase

Question 17

Mental lexicon

Answer 17

Adding all the words we know together

Question 18

Semantics

Answer 18

Knowledge of words and their meaning

Question 19

Adults know how many words

Answer 19

70,000

Question 20

College student know how many words

Answer 20

120,000

Question 21

What happens in conversation

Answer 21

Turn taking, cooperation, non verbal signals, verbal signals

Question 22

Speech errors

Answer 22

Occur at rate of around 1 per 500 uttered sentences

Question 23

Dysfluencies

Answer 23

Hesitations and pauses

Question 24

Slip of the tongue

Answer 24

Parapraxes or Freudian slips

Question 25

Tip of the tongue

Answer 25

Temporary inability to access a word from memory, often accompanied with feeling of knowing

Question 26

Exchange

Answer 26

Transposition of two segments or two words which swap place in a sentence

Question 27

Language production is underpinned by these key stages

Answer 27

- conceptualisation. - formulation. - articulation. - monitoring.

Question 28

Lateralisation

Answer 28

The study of differences between the hemispheres in terms of function

Question 29

We speak with which hemisphere

Answer 29

Left

Question 30

Meanings of words are sent from

Answer 30

Wernickes area

Question 31

Meanings of words are sent to

Answer 31

Broca’s area

Question 32

Speaking flow chart

Answer 32

Cognition->wernickes area->Broca’s area->facial area of motor cortex->cranial nerves/brain stem->speech

Question 33

Connectionist model

Answer 33

Each of the characteristics of language are processed by distinct areas in the brain with serial connections

Question 34

Hearing language

Answer 34

- words processed by the primary auditory cortex. - passed to wernickes area. - finds meaning from memory.

Question 35

Seeing language

Answer 35

- words are processed by the primary visual cortex. - passed to angular gyrus. - passed to wernickes area.

Question 36

Aphasia

Answer 36

Deficit in language following brain injury

Question 37

Aphasia but speech is fluent

Answer 37

Wernickes aphasia

Question 38

Aphasia but speech is non-fluent

Answer 38

Brocas aphasia

Question 39

Speech perception

Answer 39

Process by which a stream of speech is converted into individual words and sentences.

Question 40

Prosody

Answer 40

Using sound signals from speech

Question 41

How many words does a speaker produce a minute

Answer 41

Around 150

Question 42

How many phonemes a second

Answer 42

10-15

Question 43

Sounds produced vary due to

Answer 43

Accents. Age. Gender. Background noise.

Question 44

Sounds can be influenced by

Answer 44

The preceding sound or subsequent sound

Question 45

Observation that sounds can blend means

Answer 45

Speech almost becomes a continuous signal

Question 46

Stress syllables have a

Answer 46

Strong syllable and weak syllable

Question 47

Vowels in weak signals tend to be

Answer 47

Shorter. Lower density. Different in quality.

Question 48

Four types of slip of the ear

Answer 48

Deletion of boundary before a strong or weak syllable. | Insertion of boundary before a strong or weak syllable.

Question 49

Sounds are processed more efficiently from which ear

Answer 49

Right ear

Question 50

McGurk effect

Answer 50

Facial cues help us understand speech

Question 51

Lexical access

Answer 51

Process where we retrieve word meaning from our store of words.

Question 52

Open class words

Answer 52

Nouns

Question 53

Closed class words

Answer 53

Pronouns

Question 54

Factors influencing lexical access

Answer 54

Syntax and semantics

Question 55

Parsing

Answer 55

Process where we assign a syntactic structure to a sentence

Question 56

Garden path sentences

Answer 56

Are grammatically correct but have ambiguous meaning

Question 57

Two theoretical approaches that explain how we deal with ambiguity when parsing

Answer 57

Syntax first | Interactive

Question 58

Syntax first

Answer 58

Parsing based on syntax alone

Question 59

Interactive

Answer 59

Parsing based in syntax but also context and semantics