Perception

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

Organisation, identification and interpretation of sensory info to represent and understand the environment

Question 2

Bottom up processing

Answer 2

Info taken from the environment/ stimuli and made sense of

Question 3

Top down processing

Answer 3

Use of knowledge and experience to interpret the info

Question 4

Perception is…

Answer 4

Dynamic- can be shaped by prior experience and learning

Question 5

Stages in visual recognition

Answer 5

Vision- perceptual processes- semantic processes- object naming

Question 6

Gestaltists

Answer 6

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 7

Perceptual organisation

Answer 7

Law of proximity
Law of similarity
Law of good continuation
Law of closure

Question 8

Perceptual segregation

Answer 8

Separating visual input into individual objects

Thought to occur before object recognition

Question 9

Figure ground segregation

Answer 9

One part of visual field is identified as the figure

The rest is less important

Question 10

When does perceptual organisation occur

Answer 10

Before object identification

Question 11

Heuristics

Answer 11

A rule of thumb

Question 12

Advantages of gestalt approach

Answer 12

Good description of certain properties of perceptual organisation.
Many principles have stood test of time.
Evidence to suggest we are keen to perceive simplest organisation.

Question 13

Limitations of gestalt approach

Answer 13

Not supported that it should be bottom up.
Conflicting findings on whether figure ground segregation precedes object recognition.
Only uses pictures instead of real scenes.

Question 14

Geons

Answer 14

Geometric icons

Question 15

Biderman five invariant properties of edges

Answer 15

Curvature. 
Parallel. 
Co-termination. 
Symmetry. 
Co-linearity.

Question 16

Curvature

Answer 16

Points on a curve

Question 17

Parallel

Answer 17

Sets of points in parallel

Question 18

Co-termination

Answer 18

Edged terminating at a common point

Question 19

Symmetry

Answer 19

Contrast with asymmetry

Question 20

Co-linearity

Answer 20

Points sharing a common line

Question 21

What are especially important in object recognition

Answer 21

Degraded contours indication concavities

Question 22

Ames room

Answer 22

Visual illusion that uses top down processing to create size illusion

Question 23

Hollow face illusion

Answer 23

Visual illusion that uses top down processing to create an illusion

Question 24

Is facial processing special?

Answer 24

Faces processed in a unique way.
Evidence from babies.
Emotions.

Question 25

How do we recognise objects or faces?

Answer 25

Holistic analysis. | Analysis by parts

Question 26

Farah face recognition

Answer 26

Pots shown faces or houses. Some shown complete items some not. Told to associate each item with a name. Later shown same images and told to say name they associated with. Scored highly for partial houses but not partial faces. ‘Part-whole effect’

Question 27

Face recognition evolutionary

Answer 27

Face recognition special for survival and social interaction.

Question 28

Face recognition neurobiological.

Answer 28

Fusiform face area

Question 29

Face recognition neurological

Answer 29

Prosopagnosia

Question 30

Gibson’s theory

Answer 30

Perception was more than the ability to identify objects in our surroundings.

Question 31

Perception involves...

Answer 31

Keeping in touch with the environment

Question 32

There is a relationship between

Answer 32

Perception and action

Question 33

Information pickup

Answer 33

Looking around, getting around, looking at things.

Question 34

Gibson’s two main assumptions

Answer 34

Pattern of light reaching eye is an optic array which contains all visual info from environment striking the eye. Optic array provides clear and reliable info in layout of objects, info comes in various forms.

Question 35

Invariants

Answer 35

Non changing features

Question 36

Invariants are important because

Answer 36

They remain the same from different angles

Question 37

Texture gradient

Answer 37

Distortion in size which closer objects have compared to objects farther away

Question 38

Optic-flow

Answer 38

Pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces and edges in a visual scene cause by relative motion between observer and scene.

Question 39

Affordances

Answer 39

Opportunities for action, do not cause behaviour-just make it possible

Question 40

Potential uses of objects are

Answer 40

Directly perceivable

Question 41

Perception of an object incorporates

Answer 41

The actions associated with that object

Question 42

Affordances are

Answer 42

Subconscious