Large Intestine And Rectum

Question 1

The large intestine extends from?

Answer 1

The ileocecal junction to the mucotuneous junction of the anal Canal

Question 2

What are the four parts of the large intestines?

Answer 2

Ceacum
Appendix
colon
Rectum

Question 3

How many tinea Coli are on the large intestine?

Answer 3

Three

Question 4

What are the three tinea coils?

Answer 4

Tinea libera
Tinea omemtalis
Tinea mesocolica

Question 5

The times are formed by?

Answer 5

Bands of the outer Longitudinal coat of muscle that span the colon from the retrosigmoid junction to the base of the appendix

Question 6

The small fatty pouches that protrude from the colons surface are?

Answer 6

Appendices epiploicae

Question 7

Where are the appendices epiploicae found?

Answer 7

Ceacum and sigmoid colon

Absent of appendix and rectum

Question 8

Haustras are?

Answer 8

Sacculations found in the colon that gives it its segmented appearance

Question 9

Hautras contraction are initiated by?

Answer 9

Chyme

Question 10

What is the length of the ascending colon?

Answer 10

15cm

Question 11

The ascending colon runs?

Answer 11

From the transtubercular plane to the right colic flexure

Question 12

The transverse colon is suspended from the diaphragm by the?

Answer 12

Phrenico colic ligament

Question 13

The transverse colon is attached to the abdominal wall by?

Answer 13

Transverse mesocolon

Question 14

The right 2/3rd of the colon is supplied by?

Answer 14

Right and left branches of the middle colic artery

Question 15

The left 1/3 of the transverse colon is supplied by?

Answer 15

The branch of the inferior mesenteric artery the left colic artery

Question 16

The left colic artery and the beaches of the right and left middle colic artery anastomose to form

Answer 16

Marginal artery

Question 17

The marginal arteries gives rise to which two arteries and what do they supply

Answer 17

Vasa longa and brevis
The longa supplies the outer 2/3
Brevis inner 1/3 of the gut

Question 18

The descending colon extends from

Answer 18

The left colic flexure to the pelvic brim

Question 19

The descending colon is supplied by

Answer 19

Left colic and sigmoid branches of inferior mesenteric artery

Question 20

The sigmoid colon begins and ends?

Answer 20

Left pelvic brim to the recto sigmoid junction at S3 vertebrae

Question 21

The sigmoid colon is supplied by?

Answer 21

Sigmoid arteries and recurrent branch of superior rectal artery

Question 22

The sigmoid colon venous drainage is into the?

Answer 22

Portal system via inferior mesenteric vein

Question 23

The sigmoid colon lymphatic drainage is into the?

Answer 23

Inferior mesenteric group of pre aortic lymph nodes

Question 24

The lateral curves of the rectum are due to?

Answer 24

The valves of the rectum

Question 25

The interior of the rectum consist of how many mucosal folds and what are they

Answer 25

Two mucosal folds, Temporary folds ( disappear when the rectum is distended) and permanent folds known as Houston valves

Question 26

Each valve is formed by?

Answer 26

The reduplication is the mucosa membrane

Question 27

There are how many valves in the rectum?

Answer 27

Four valves

Question 28

The valves are deemed as constant within the rectum are?

Answer 28

1st and 3rd 2 and 4 inconstant

Question 29

The first valve is situated at the recto signal junction at which level?

Answer 29

S3

Question 30

The most important valve of the rectim is ?

Answer 30

Third valve which is found at S5

Question 31

The upper part of the rectum is developed from the?

Answer 31

Pre allantoic part of the hind gut

Question 32

The lower part of the rectum from the?

Answer 32

Post all antic part of the cloaca

Question 33

When the valves completely encircle the rectum it is known as

Answer 33

nelatons sphincter

Question 34

The rectum is supplied by how many arteries?

Answer 34

Five

Question 36

What are the five arteries that supply the rectum?

Answer 36

Superior rectal artery- bravjes into right and left branches Middle rectal artery Inferior rectal artery

Question 37

What branch does the middle rectal artery come from?

Answer 37

Internal iliac artery

Question 38

What branch does the inferior rectal artery come from?

Answer 38

Internal pudenal artery

Question 39

What is the plexus formed at the lower part of the rectum and anal canal?

Answer 39

Annulus haemorrhoidalis

Question 40

The plexus formed at the lower part of the canal consists of?

Answer 40

Internal venous plexus and external venous plexus

Question 41

What are the venous drainage of the rectum?

Answer 41

Six veins untite to drain into the trunk of the superior rectal vein which drains into the inferior mesenteric vein The inferior rectal vein drains into the internal pudenal The middle rectal vein into the internal iliac vein

Question 42

From the upper part the superior rectal artery drains into?

Answer 42

Common iliac lymph nodes

Question 43

Vessels accompanying the middle rectal artery lymphatic drainage occurs in? From the lower part up to the anal valves

Answer 43

Internal iliac lymph node

Question 44

Anal canal below the anal valves drain into?

Answer 44

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 45

The mucous membrane of rectum above 3rd valve is developed from

Answer 45

endoderm of pre allontoic part of the hind gut

Question 46

The mucous membrane is separated by

Answer 46

Ventral part of cloaca by urorectal or genital septum

Question 47

When the cloaca duct closes the same time the urogenital membrane fuses with cloacal membrane and divides into?

Answer 47

Urogenital membrane in front Anal membrane behind The point of fusion forms the primitive perineal body

Question 48

Imperforate anus is

Answer 48

A congenital anomaly where the anal opening is absent or blocked

Question 49

When the infants stool remains in the intestine due to atresia it’s called?

Answer 49

Meconium

Question 50

Name the steps involved when a child has imperforate anus?

Answer 50

The first step involves enlarging the opening where the stool drains, so stool can pass more easily. Surgery involves closing any small tube-like openings (fistulas), creating an anal opening, and putting the rectal pouch into the anal opening. This is called an anoplasty.

Question 51

Name the types of imperforate anus

Answer 51

High type Intermediate type Low type

Question 52

Night type?

Answer 52

There is no anal opening and the rectum ends above the muscles at the bottom of the pelvis

Question 53

Intermediate type?

Answer 53

The rectum and anal canal extend through the muscles at the bottom of the pelvis and the child may have fistulas

Question 54

Low type

Answer 54

The rectum ends below the muscle at the bottom of the pelvis and there may be an opening that is abnormal or covered by membrane

Question 55

What condition occurs due to the persistence of the cloacal duct

Answer 55

Congenital recto vesical/ urethral

Question 56

What is congenital recto vesical/ urethral

Answer 56

This is a rare condition where there is a connection between the bladder and rectum

Question 57

The treatment for co genial recto racial fistula includes?

Answer 57

Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and minimally invasive pull through procedure

Question 58

Name some causes of congenital…

Answer 58

Child birth Chron’s disease or ulcerative colitis Pelvic surgeries (hysterectomy, c-sections Cancer (often pelvic cancers) Diverticulitis

Question 59

Advancement flap is?

Answer 59

A treatment course for rvf which involves creating a flap of muscle and lining to cover the fistula

Question 60

What is an ectopic anus?

Answer 60

This is an anus that is not in its normal position in the perineum

Question 61

Anterior ectopic anus?

Answer 61

This is displaced anteriorly and is common cause of constipation in infants Often seen in females

Question 62

How is ectopic anus treated?

Answer 62

Posterior analysts and sphincterectomy

Question 63

An undivided cloaca as often seen in birds are due to?

Answer 63

A lack of uro-rectal septum

Question 64

The anal canal is surrounded by

Answer 64

sphincter ani

Question 65

The Hilton’s line or pectinate line is?

Answer 65

A whitish line that indicates the junction between keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium