Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TCD > Late Life and Neurodegenerative Disorders > Flashcards

Late Life and Neurodegenerative Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is happening to life expectancy

A

increasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what happens to mental health over the life time

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why do older people experience less mental health/negative emotions

A

less obligations
changes in lifestyle
better at dealing with daily stresses
process negative events less
life pressures decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

confounds with older people and less disorders

A

new disorders less likely to onset later in life
older people seek out conversations about mental health less
memory issues
difficulty in communicating symptoms
survivor bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are age effects

A

what we want to measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are cohort effects

A

the consequences of growing up in a particular time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are time of measurement effects

A

confounds due to lived events
e.g. loneliness during pandemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are cross sectional studies

A

comparing a variable between different age groups at same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the positivity bias in ageing

A

relative number of negative images compared to positive and neutral images recalled, decreased with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are longitudinal studies

A

periodically test one group of people using the same measure over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is dementia caused

A

when brain is damaged by disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is dementia

A

loss of memory and cognitive function interfering with daily life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which is the main symptoms of memory loss

A

Alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

prevalence of dementia

A

1-2% of people in 60s
20% in people 85 and above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how can dementia be prevented

A

smoking
blood pressure
diabetes
social activity
hearing loss
depression
physical activity
education
alcohol
TBI
air pollution
obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is Alzheimer’s disease

A

a degenerative disease which causes irreversible deterioration of brain tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how much of dementia does AD account for

A

60-80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which part of the brain is AD associated with

A

hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are plaques

A

protein deposits outside the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which gene is associated with AD development

A

APOE4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

does medication help AD

A

can help slow decline, but does not restore memory function

22
Q

treatments for AD

A

behavioural approaches
music therapy

23
Q

how does music therapy help AD

A

can elicit emotions and memories
helps connection with caregivers
improves overall quality of life

24
Q

psychotherapy for AD

A

bring together patient and family
encourage realistic rather than catastrophic attitude
decrease focus on cognitive deficiencies

25
Q

caregiver interventions and AD

A

teach coping strategies
- increasing social support
- activities and exercise

26
Q

when do genetic markers for AD become detectable

A

from birth

27
Q

frontotemporal dementia

A

caused by loss of neurons in frontal and temporal regions of brain

28
Q

which demntia has a younger onset

A

fronto-temporal (mid to late 50s)

29
Q

prevalence of fronto-temporal dementia

A

less than 1%

30
Q

semantic dementia

A

naming things, people
losing the meaning of words

31
Q

progressive non fluent aphasia

A

pronouncing things

32
Q

logopenic aphasia

A

word finding
slow speech

33
Q

behavioural variant characteristics of fronto-temporal dementia

A

early, prominent personality and social changes
decreased empathy
apathy
impaired judgement and insight
problems with executive function
decreased inhibition, increased compulsivity
engaging in preservative behaviour

34
Q

fronto-temporal dementia - treatments

A

antidepressants
antipsychotics
non pharmacological treatments (talking, family, speech therapy)

35
Q

why should antipsychotics not be prescribed for fronto-temporal dementia

A

increased adverse reactions (risk of death)

36
Q

what is lewy body dementia

A

associated with abnormal deposits of ‘lewy body’ proteins in brain

37
Q

how do lewy bodies affect chemicals in brain

A

problems in thinking, movement, behaviour, mood

38
Q

onset of lewy body dementia

A

age 50

39
Q

average time before death - lewy body dementia

A

5-8

40
Q

average time before death - AD

A

12 years

41
Q

cognitive symptoms of lewy body dementia

A

visual hallucinations
disorganised thinking
confusion
problems with concentration
memory problem not evident at start

42
Q

behavioural symptoms of lewy body dementia

A

depression
apathy
agitation
delusions/paranoia

43
Q

movement symptoms of lewy body dementia

A

tremors
balance issues
loss of coordination - falls
slow movement, muscle rigidity
difficulty swallowing
stooped posture

44
Q

sleep symptoms of lewy body dementia

A

REM behaviour disorder (acting out dreams, injury occurs)
restless elgs
insomnia
hypersomnia

45
Q

which symptoms of lewy body dementia can be treated by medications

A

cognitive symptom
movement symptoms
REM sleep behaviour
depression

46
Q

how does physical therapy help lewy body dementia

A

improves strength, flexibility, balance, walking

47
Q

how do occupational therapists help lewy body dementia

A

teaches skills to maintain ability to perform everyday activities and remain independent

48
Q

how do speech therapists help lewy body dementia

A

improve swallowing difficulties and ability to speak more clealry

49
Q

what is delirium

A

a clouded state of consciousness

50
Q

what does delirium consist of

A

extreme trouble focusing attention
disturbances in sleep/wake cycle
swings in activity and mood
disordered thoughts and perceptions

51
Q

contributing factors to delirium

A

medication
infection
surgery
alcohol
drug intoxication/withdrawal

TCD (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions