substance use disorder

Question 1

criteria for substance use disorder

Answer 1

• taking more of substance than intended
• desire to cut down use but unable to
• excessive time spent using/acquiring/recovering
• craving
• role disruption
• interpersonal problems
• reduction of important activities
• use in physically hazardous situations
• keep using depsite problems/consequences
• tolerance
• withdrawal

Question 2

hwo many criteria does one need in timeframe to get diagnosis

Answer 2

2 or more in last year

Question 3

what is withdrawal

Answer 3

negative psychological and physical symptoms when reducing/stopping use

Question 4

what is tolerance

Answer 4

effects of drugs are less when usual amount is taken
larger doses needed to produce desired effect

Question 5

examples of withdrawal symptoms

Answer 5

pain sensitivity
low mood
anxiety
vomiting
sweating
insomnia
flu like symptoms
lack of appetite

Question 6

what do depressants do

Answer 6

sedate behaviour

Question 7

examples of depressants

Answer 7

alcohol
sedatives
anxiolytic drugs

Question 8

what do stimulants do

Answer 8

increase alertness and elevate mood

Question 9

examples of stimulants

Answer 9

cocaine
nicotine
ecstasy
meth
coffee - not disorder

Question 10

what do opiates do

Answer 10

produce analgesia and euphoria

Question 11

examples of opiates

Answer 11

heroin
morphine
codeine

Question 12

what do hallucinogens do

Answer 12

alter sensory perception

Question 13

examples of hallucinogens

Answer 13

marijuana
lsd

Question 14

drugs of abuse

Answer 14

inhalants
anabolic steroid
club/designer drugs

Question 15

what does alcohol do to the brain

Answer 15

slows down CNS functioning
stimulates GABA receptors
increases levels of serotonin and dopamine
decrease glutamate

Question 16

what happens when GABA receptors are stimulated

Answer 16

slows down neural firing
relaxation, reduced tensions
motor impairment

Question 17

what happens when levels of serotonin and dopamine are increased

Answer 17

initially feel good feeling
dopamine breaks down

Question 18

what happens when glutamate is decreased

Answer 18

impairs memory, judgement, thinking

Question 19

more alcohol consumed, more effects on which system / brain area

Answer 19

limbic system
hippocampus is compromised

Question 20

what happens when hippocampus is compromised

Answer 20

interferes with ability to form new memories (black outs)

Question 21

what factors are related to BAC

Answer 21

amount ingested in period of time
empty vs full stomach
size of body
live efficiency
gender

Question 22

acute withdrawal symptoms

Answer 22

physical - headache, nausea, tremors
psych - anxiety/depression symptoms

Question 23

hard core withdrawal symptoms

Answer 23

organ failure
malnutrition
foetal alcohol syndrome
delirium tremens
- full body shakes and tremors
- hallucinations, can last up to 3 days

Question 24

nature of sedative drugs

Answer 24

calming

Question 25

nature of hypnotic drugs

Answer 25

sleep inducing

Question 26

nature of anxiolytic drugs

Answer 26

anxiety reducing

Question 27

rohypnol

Answer 27

date rape drug

Question 28

what receptors do depressants work on

Answer 28

GABA

Question 29

what does amphetamine use disorder produce and reudce

Answer 29

produces elation, confidence, vigour, increase heart rate reduces fatigue, intestinal function, appetite

Question 30

what effects occur with larger doses of amphetamines

Answer 30

cross line into anxiety, agitation, nervousness

Question 31

what system to amphetamines stimulate and how

Answer 31

CNS - increase dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin

Question 32

what happens with too much dopamine released

Answer 32

results in tics

Question 33

what disorders occur with too little dopamine

Answer 33

parkinsons

Question 34

what does noradrenaline do

Answer 34

prepares body for fight or flight increases heart rate release glucose moves blood away from digestive system to skeletal muscles

Question 35

effects of cocaine use

Answer 35

elation vigour reduced fatigue dopaminergic

Question 36

what is vasoconstriction and what drug is it associated with

Answer 36

narrowing of blood vessels cocaine

Question 37

effects of cannabis

Answer 37

euphoria laughter relaxation happiness appetite stimulation paranoia anxiety delusions hallucinations STM impairment pain relief antiemetic (prevents vomiting)

Question 38

how does cannabis work

Answer 38

causes dopamine release brains have endogenous cannabinoids - affect pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, movement, coordination, sensory, time perception

Question 39

what is happening to the ratio of THC to CBD and what does this mean

Answer 39

THC is increasing (higher risk for negative symptoms) cannabis is more potent

Question 40

cannabis use and SCZ

Answer 40

6x more likely to develop schizophrenia than non users

Question 41

effects of opiods

Answer 41

reduce pain induce sleep low doses - euphoria, drowsiness, slower breathing higher doses - slows down functioning to extent it can be reversed

Question 42

how do opioids work as analgesics

Answer 42

similar to endorphines reduce pain which is enduring

Question 43

concordance rates of SUDs

Answer 43

41-61% (identical twins) 24-42% (fraternal twins)

Question 44

genes identified with which substance abuse

Answer 44

smoking alcohol

Question 45

neurobiology of drugs

Answer 45

affect pleasure pathway of brain

Question 46

drug users are more ...

Answer 46

habit prone compulsive

Question 47

social influences on drugs

Answer 47

family peers exposure

Question 48

pharmacological treatments

Answer 48

agonist substitution antagonist treatment aversive treatment

Question 49

agonist substitution

Answer 49

safe drug which similar chemical makeup - but does not cause dependence or highs

Question 50

Antagonist treatment

Answer 50

dugs block effects of addictive drug - unable to get positive effects

Question 51

Aversive treatment

Answer 51

drugs which make taking drug unpleasant - has a high attrition rate

Question 52

psychosocial and cognitive intervention

Answer 52

confront sufferer and ask them to go to rehab

Question 53

community support programmes

Answer 53

learn to live with addiction

Question 54

contingency management

Answer 54

vouchers for good behaviour

Question 55

treatment - changes in use

Answer 55

controlled use vs complete abstinence