latin 2 Flashcards
(333 cards)
1
Q
What does the prefix ‘ana-‘ mean?
A
up, toward
2
Q
What does the prefix ‘anti-‘ mean?
A
against
3
Q
What does the prefix ‘dia-‘ mean?
A
through/apart
4
Q
What does the prefix ‘ecto-‘ or ‘exo-‘ mean?
A
outside
5
Q
What does the prefix ‘en-‘ or ‘em-‘ mean?
A
in/inside
6
Q
What does the prefix ‘endo-‘ mean?
A
inside
7
Q
What does the prefix ‘epi-‘ mean?
A
on, above
8
Q
What does the prefix ‘hyper-‘ mean?
A
above, over
9
Q
What does the prefix ‘hypo-‘ mean?
A
below, under
10
Q
What does the prefix ‘met(a)-‘ mean?
A
behind/changed
11
Q
What does the prefix ‘para-‘ mean?
A
next to/beyond
12
Q
What does the prefix ‘peri-‘ mean?
A
around
13
Q
What does the prefix ‘syn-‘ or ‘sym-‘ mean?
A
with
14
Q
What does the prefix ‘a-‘ or ‘an-‘ mean?
A
without, absence
15
Q
What does the prefix ‘dys-‘ mean?
A
disorder/difficulty
16
Q
What does the prefix ‘eu-‘ mean?
A
good/normal
17
Q
What is the meaning of ‘anatomia’?
A
cutting up
18
Q
What is the meaning of ‘antipyretica’?
A
drugs against fever
19
Q
What is the meaning of ‘diarrhoea’?
A
flowing through
20
Q
What is the meaning of ‘exogenes’?
A
coming from outside
21
Q
What is the meaning of ‘encephalon’?
A
brain = in the head
22
Q
What is the meaning of ‘endometrium’?
A
mucous membrane lining the uterus from inside
23
Q
What is the meaning of ‘epithelium’?
A
covering tissue
24
Q
What is the meaning of ‘hypertrophia’?
A
overnourishment
25
What is the meaning of 'hypotrophia'?
undernourishment → degeneration
26
What is the meaning of 'metastasis'?
transmission of cancerous cells from original site to one or more sites in the body
27
What is the meaning of 'parapsychologia'?
study of psychological phenomena that are inexplicable by science (telepathy/clairvoyance/psychokinesis)
28
What is the meaning of 'pericardium'?
membranous sac around the heart
29
What is the meaning of 'symphysis'?
union of bones
30
What is the meaning of 'anaemia'?
lack of red blood cells
31
What is the meaning of 'dyspnoe'?
difficult breathing
32
What is the meaning of 'eupnoe'?
normal breathing
33
What does the suffix '-ismos/-ismus' indicate?
It refers to a state or condition.
## Footnote
Example: coffeinismus = caffeine intoxication/physical dependence on caffeine.
34
What does the suffix '-itis' signify?
It indicates inflammation.
## Footnote
Example: adenitis = inflammation of gland.
35
What does the suffix '-oma' denote?
It refers to a tumor.
## Footnote
Example: adenoma = benign glandular tumour.
36
What does the suffix '-osis' represent?
It indicates a diseased state or process.
## Footnote
Example: adenosis = degenerative disease of gland.
37
What does the suffix '-oideus,a,um' imply?
It means similar or resembling.
## Footnote
Example: rheumatoides = resembling rheumatism.
38
What does 'kyphosis' refer to?
It is the abnormal forward curvature of the spine or the process of becoming curved.
39
What does 'sclerosis' mean?
It refers to the process of becoming hard.
40
What does 'm. deltoideus' mean?
It refers to the delta-shaped muscle.
41
What does the prefix 'a-/ab-' mean?
away from
42
What does the prefix 'ad-/af-' mean?
to/ toward
43
What does the prefix 'ante-' mean?
before
44
What does the prefix 'circum-' mean?
around
45
What does the prefix 'con-/com-' mean?
with/together
46
What does the prefix 'contra-' mean?
against
47
What does the prefix 'de-' mean?
down/ away
48
What does the prefix 'e-lex-' mean?
out/ away from
49
What does the prefix 'extra-' mean?
outside of
50
What does the prefix 'in-' mean?
negation
51
What does the prefix 'infra-' mean?
below
52
What does the prefix 'inter-' mean?
between
53
What does the prefix 'intra-' mean?
within
54
What does the prefix 'per-' mean?
through
55
What does the prefix 'post-' mean?
after/ behind
56
What does the prefix 'prae-' mean?
before
57
What does the prefix 're-' mean?
back
58
What does the prefix 'retro-' mean?
behind/backward
59
What does the prefix 'sub-' mean?
under
60
What does the prefix 'supra-/super-' mean?
above
61
What does the prefix 'trans-' mean?
through
62
What is the meaning of 'abductor'?
muscle that causes movement away from the middle
63
What is the meaning of 'adductor'?
muscle that causes movement towards the middle
64
What is the meaning of 'antepositio'?
forward position
65
What is the meaning of 'circumanalis'?
surrounding the anus
66
What is the meaning of 'congenitus'?
born with
67
What is the meaning of 'contralateralis'?
relating to the opposite side
68
What is the meaning of 'descendens'?
falling down
69
What is the meaning of 'extensor'?
straightening muscle
70
What is the meaning of 'extrauterinus'?
outside of the uterus
71
What is the meaning of 'inoperabilis'?
not operable
72
What is the meaning of 'infrascapularis'?
underneath the shoulder blade
73
What is the meaning of 'intervertebralis'?
between the vertebrae
74
What is the meaning of 'intracellularis'?
within cells
75
What is the meaning of 'perforans'?
penetrating
76
What is the meaning of 'pertussis'?
whooping cough
77
What is the meaning of 'postnatalis'?
after birth
78
What is the meaning of 'praematurus'?
occurring before the assigned time
79
What is the meaning of 'reanimation'?
bringing back to life
80
What is the meaning of 'retropharyngeus'?
behind the pharynx
81
What is the meaning of 'subcutaneus'?
under the skin
82
What is the meaning of 'supraclavicularis'?
above the clavicle
83
What is the meaning of 'transabdominalis'?
through abdomen
84
What do the suffixes -ulus, -illus, -olus, and -ellus indicate?
They indicate diminutives, meaning small.
85
What does the suffix -fer mean?
It means 'that which carries'.
86
What does the suffix -bilis signify?
It signifies possibility, meaning 'able'.
87
What is the meaning of 'capitulum'?
It means 'small head'.
88
What does 'morbilli' translate to?
It translates to 'measles' (lit. small diseases).
89
What is the meaning of 'arteriola'?
It means 'small artery'.
90
What does 'cerebellum' refer to?
It refers to 'small brain'.
91
What does 'ductus lactiferus' mean?
It means 'milk duct'.
92
What is the meaning of 'inoperabilis'?
It means 'inoperable'.
93
What is the acromion?
The outer end of the scapula to which the collar bone is attached.
94
What does basis mean?
Base.
95
What is the clavicula?
Collar bone.
96
What does corpus refer to?
Body.
97
What is the femur?
Thigh bone.
98
What does fossa mean?
Hole, depression.
99
What is an incisura?
Incisure, notch.
100
What is the olecranon?
Tip of the elbow bone.
101
What does ramus refer to?
Branch.
102
What is tuberositas?
Large tubercle, rounded elevation.
103
What does caput mean?
Head.
104
What is collum?
Neck.
105
What does coxa refer to?
Hip.
106
What is a foramen?
Opening.
107
What does fovea mean?
Depression, pit.
108
What is margo?
Margin, border.
109
What does os refer to?
Bone.
110
What is the scapula?
Shoulder blade.
111
What does spina mean?
Spine, thorn.
112
What is the Latin term for the outer end of the scapula?
acromion, i, n. - the outer end of the scapula to which the collar bone is attached
113
What is the Latin term for 'arm'?
brachium, i, n. - arm
114
What is the Latin term for 'cavity'?
cavum, i, n. - cavity
115
What is the Latin term for 'neck'?
collum, i, n. - neck
116
What is the Latin term for 'back'?
dorsum, i, n. - back
117
What is the Latin term for 'lip'?
labium, i, n. - lip, labium
118
What is the Latin term for 'ganglion'?
ganglion, i, n. - ganglion
119
What is the Latin term for 'ligament'?
ligamentum, i, n. - ligament
120
What is the Latin term for 'limb'?
membrum, i, n. - limb
121
What is the Latin term for 'chin'?
mentum, i, n. - chin
122
What is the Latin term for 'tip of the elbow bone'?
olecranon, i, n. - tip of the elbow bone
123
What is the Latin term for 'ovary'?
ovarium, i, n. - ovary
124
What is the Latin term for 'wrist'?
carpus, i, m. - wrist
125
What is the Latin term for 'finger'?
digitus, i, m. - finger
126
What is the Latin term for 'humerus'?
humerus, i, m. - humerus
127
What is the Latin term for 'lobe'?
lobus, i, m. - lobe
128
What is the Latin term for 'disease'?
morbus, i, m. - disease
129
What is the Latin term for 'muscle'?
musculus, i, m. - muscle
130
What is the Latin term for 'nose'?
nasus, i, m. - nose
131
What is the Latin term for 'eye'?
oculus, i, m. - eye
132
What is the Latin term for 'branch'?
ramus, i, n. - branch
133
What is the Latin term for 'trunk'?
truncus, i, m. - trunk
134
What is the Latin term for 'womb'?
uterus, i, m. - womb
135
What is the Latin term for 'artery'?
arteria, ae, f. - artery
136
What is the Latin term for 'collar bone'?
clavicula, ae, f. - collar bone
137
What is the Latin term for 'rib'?
costa, ae, f. - rib
138
What is the Latin term for 'hip'?
coxa, ae, f. - hip
139
What is the Latin term for 'hole, depression'?
fossa, ae, f. - hole, depression
140
What is the Latin term for 'depression'?
fovea, ae, f. - depression
141
What is the Latin term for 'incisure, notch'?
incisura, ae, f. - incisure, notch
142
What is the Latin term for 'tongue'?
lingua, ae, f. - tongue
143
What is the Latin term for 'shoulder blade'?
scapula, ae, f. - shoulder blade
144
What is the Latin term for 'spine, thorn'?
spina, ae, f. - spine, thorn
145
What is the Latin term for 'suture'?
sutura, ae, f. - suture
146
What is the Latin term for 'vein'?
vena, ae, f. - vein
147
What is the Latin term for 'bladder'?
vesica, ae, f. - bladder
148
What is the Latin term for 'abdomen'?
abdomen, inis, n. - abdomen
149
What is the Latin term for 'head'?
caput, itis, n. - head
150
What is the Latin term for 'heart'?
cor, dis, n. - heart
151
What is the Latin term for 'body'?
corpus, oris, n. - body
152
What is the Latin term for 'thigh bone'?
femur, oris, n. - thigh bone
153
What is the Latin term for 'opening'?
foramen, inis, n. - opening
154
What is the Latin term for 'bone'?
os, ossis, n. - bone
155
What is the Latin term for 'vessel'?
vas, is, n. - vessel
156
What is the Latin term for 'margin'?
margo, inis, m. - margin
157
What is the Latin term for 'foot'?
pes, dis, m. - foot
158
What is the Latin term for 'thumb'?
pollex, icis, m. - thumb
159
What is the Latin term for 'lung'?
pulmo, onis, m. - lung
160
What is the Latin term for 'thorax'?
thorax, cis, m. - thorax
161
What is the Latin term for 'tumor'?
tumor, oris, m. - tumor
162
What is the Latin term for 'base'?
basis, is, f. - base
163
What is the Latin term for 'neck'?
cervix, icis, f. - neck
164
What is the Latin term for 'function'?
functio, onis, f. - function
165
What is the Latin term for 'operation'?
operatio, onis, f. - operation
166
What is the Latin term for 'pelvis'?
pelvis, is, f. - pelvis
167
What is the Latin term for 'root'?
radix, icis, f. - root
168
What is the Latin term for 'region'?
regio, onis, f. - region
169
What is the Latin term for 'large tubercle, rounded elevation'?
tuberositas, atis, f. - large tubercle, rounded elevation
170
What are the nominative singular endings for the 4th and 5th declension?
4th: -us
5th: -es
171
Provide an example of a 4th declension noun in nominative singular.
tractus = tract
## Footnote
Example: tractus
172
What are the genitive singular endings for the 4th and 5th declension?
4th: -us
5th: -ei
173
Provide an example of a 4th declension noun in genitive singular.
tractus
## Footnote
Example: tractus
174
Provide an example of a 5th declension noun in genitive singular.
faciei
## Footnote
Example: faciei
175
How can you distinguish the 2nd and 4th declension?
Nouns of the 4th declension are more abstract in meaning and derive from verbs, implying an action.
176
In what form do nouns of the 4th declension predominantly occur?
Nominative form
177
List some frequent nouns of the 4th declension related to human senses.
sensus = sense
auditus = hearing
visus = sight
gustus = taste
tactus = touch
olfactus = smell
178
What is the original verb for 'sensus'?
sentire = to feel
179
What is the original verb for 'auditus'?
audire = to hear
180
What is the original verb for 'visus'?
videre = to see
181
What is the original verb for 'gustus'?
gustare = to taste
182
What is the original verb for 'tactus'?
tangere = to touch
183
What is the original verb for 'olfactus'?
olfacere = to smell
184
What does 'arcus' mean?
‹ arcuare = to bend
185
What does 'ductus' mean?
ducere = to lead
186
What does 'meatus' mean?
meare = to pass
187
What does 'plexus' mean?
plectere = to twine
188
What does 'processus' mean?
procedere = to go forward
189
What does 'sinus' mean?
sinuare = to bend/ to hollow out
190
What does 'tractus' mean?
trahere = to pull
191
What does 'abortus' mean?
aboriri = to miscarry
192
What does 'abscessus' mean?
abscedere = to go away
193
What does 'cursus' mean?
currere = to run
194
What does 'decubitus' mean?
decumbere = to lie down
195
What does 'exitus' mean?
- exire = to go out
196
What does 'fetus' mean?
+ gr. fyto = to plant
197
What does 'infarctus' mean?
infarcire = to stuff into
198
What does 'partus' mean?
parere = to give birth to
199
What does 'pulsus' mean?
pellere = to propel, push, beat
200
What does 'situs' mean?
Sinere = to place
201
What does 'status' mean?
stare = to stand
202
What does 'vomitus' mean?
vomere = to vomit
203
What is the Latin term for 'head'?
caput
204
What is the Latin term for 'elbow'?
olecranon
205
What is the Latin term for 'ear'?
auris
206
What is the Latin term for 'bone'?
os
207
What is the Latin term for 'eyelid'?
palpebra
208
What is the Latin term for 'tongue'?
lingua
209
What is the Latin term for 'eye'?
oculus
210
What is the genitive form of 'scapula'?
scapulae
## Footnote
Example: Stive of the Serdina
211
What is the genitive form of 'humerus'?
humeri
212
What is the genitive form of 'olecranon'?
olecrani
213
What is the genitive form of 'caput'?
capitis
214
What is the genitive form of 'costa'?
costae
215
What is the genitive form of 'pes'?
pedis
216
What is the genitive form of 'musculus'?
musculi
217
What is the genitive form of 'cervix uteri'?
cervicis uteri
## Footnote
Example: Carcinoma of the Cervix of the uterus
218
What does 'dyspnoe' refer to?
I can't breathe.
219
What does 'rhinorrhoea' refer to?
My nose is dripping.
220
What does 'pruritus' refer to?
It itches me.
221
What does 'vertigo' refer to?
Everything is spinning.
222
What does 'anorexia' refer to?
I've lost my appetite.
223
What does 'dysuria' refer to?
It stings when I pee.
224
What does 'cephalalgia' refer to?
I have a headache.
225
What does 'icterus' refer to?
My skin looks yellow.
226
What does 'paraesthesia' refer to?
I feel bugs crawling under my skin.
227
What does 'dysphagia' refer to?
I can't swallow.
228
What does 'tussis' refer to?
I have a cough.
229
What does 'nausea' refer to?
I feel like I'm going to throw up.
230
What does 'polyuria' refer to?
I'm always running to the bathroom.
231
What is the correct term for 'malignant bone tumor'?
osteosarcoma
232
What is the correct term for 'degenerative disease of vertebrae'?
spondylosis
233
What is the correct term for 'gall bladder stone'?
cholelithiasis
234
What is the correct term for 'resembling jaundice'?
pseudoicterus
235
What is the correct term for 'dilation of veins'?
phlebostasis
236
What is the term for surgical removal of the liver?
Hepatectomy
237
What is the term for muscle mass loss due to aging?
Sarcopenia
238
What is the term for the forward rounding of the upper back?
Kyphosis
239
What is the term for an exaggerated inward curve of the spine?
Lordosis
240
What are the nominative singular endings for the 4th and 5th declensions?
4th -us, 5th -es
241
What are the genitive singular endings for the 4th and 5th declensions?
4th -us, 5th -ei
242
What is the nominative singular for 'tract' in the 4th declension?
Tractus
243
What is the nominative singular for 'face/surface' in the 5th declension?
Facies
244
What is the genitive singular form of 'tractus'?
Tractus
245
What is the genitive singular form of 'facies'?
Faciei
246
How can you distinguish between the 2nd and 4th declensions?
Nouns of the 4th declension are more abstract and derive from verbs.
247
What is a characteristic of nouns in the 4th declension?
They always imply an action.
248
What is an example of a noun in the 4th declension?
Meatus acusticus
249
What is another example of a noun in the 4th declension?
Arcus aortae
250
What is yet another example of a noun in the 4th declension?
Sinus frontalis
251
What is the Latin term for 'body'?
corpus
252
What does 'fossa' mean?
hole, depression
253
What is the meaning of 'incisura'?
incisure, notch
254
What is the term for 'tip of the elbow' in Latin?
olecranon
255
What does 'ramus' refer to?
branch
256
What is the meaning of 'tuberositas'?
large tuberosity, rounded prominence
257
What are the nominative singular endings for the 1st declension?
-ae
258
What are the nominative singular endings for the 2nd declension?
-us/-um/-on
259
What are the nominative singular endings for the 3rd declension?
-io/-x/-or/-s/…
260
What are the genitive singular endings for the 1st declension?
-ae
261
What are the genitive singular endings for the 2nd declension?
-i/-orum/-on
262
What are the genitive singular endings for the 3rd declension?
-is
263
What is anosmia?
Anosmia is the lack of sense of smell.
264
What is atrophia?
Atrophia refers to a normally developed organ that is lacking in function.
265
What is anaemia?
Anaemia is the lack of iron in red blood cells.
266
What is anopsia?
Anopsia is the lack of vision.
267
What is anuria?
Anuria is the lack of urine production.
268
What is ageusia?
Ageusia is the lack of taste function.
269
What is anorexia?
Anorexia is the lack of appetite.
270
What is anaesthesia?
Anaesthesia is the lack of sensation.
271
What is apnoe?
Apnoe is the lack of sleep.
272
What is anacusia/anacusis?
Anacusia or anacusis is the lack of hearing.
273
What are analgetica aimed for?
Drugs relieving pain
## Footnote
e) drugs relieving pain
274
What are antibiotica aimed for?
Remedies that kill bacteria
## Footnote
f) remedies that kill bacteria
275
What are antidepressiva aimed for?
Drugs used for treatment of depressive disorders
## Footnote
g) drugs used for treatment of depressive disorders
276
What are antitussica aimed for?
Drugs against cough
## Footnote
h) drugs against cough
277
What are antiemetica aimed for?
Substances against vomiting and nausea
## Footnote
i) substances against vomiting and nausea
278
What are anaesthetica aimed for?
Agents producing insensibility
## Footnote
b) agents producing insensibility
279
What are antidota aimed for?
Agents that counteract poisoning
## Footnote
d) agents that counteract poisoning
280
What are antipyretica aimed for?
Drugs against fever
## Footnote
a) drugs against fever
281
What are anticonvulsiva aimed for?
Drugs against seizures
## Footnote
j) drugs against seizures
282
What are antiseptica aimed for?
Substances that inhibit infection in an injury
## Footnote
c) substances that inhibit infection in an injury
283
What does dyspnoe refer to?
Difficult breathing
284
What does dysenteria refer to?
Infection of intestines
285
What does dystopia refer to?
Wrong position
286
What does dysuria refer to?
Painful urination
287
What does dyskinesia refer to?
Involuntary movement of body parts
288
What does dyspepsia refer to?
Burning pain in the digestive tract
289
What does dystrophia refer to?
Degeneration of tissue
290
What does dyslexia refer to?
Learning disorder - difficult reading and spelling
291
What does dyslogia refer to?
Impaired ability to express ideas verbally
292
What does dysgraphia refer to?
Difficulty with writing
293
Between which structures is the ligamentum intercarpale located?
Carpal bones
294
Between which structures is the ligamentum interosseum located?
Between long bones
295
Between which structures is the ligamentum interspinale located?
Between vertebrae
296
Between which structures is the ligamentum intertransversarium located?
Transverse processes of vertebrae
297
Between which structures is the ligamentum intercostale located?
Between ribs
298
Where is the glandula parotis/parotidea located?
Near the jaw and ear.
299
Where is the glandula sublingualis located?
Under the tongue.
300
Where is the glandula submandibularis located?
Under the mandible (jaw).
301
Where is the glandula suprarenalis/adrenalis located?
Above the kidneys.
302
Where is the glandula lacrimalis located?
In the eye area (tear gland).
303
Where is the glandula parathyroidea located?
Next to the thyroid gland.
304
Where is the glandula sudorifera located?
In the skin (sweat glands).
305
What are the components of the lacrimal system?
Lacrimal gland, superior and inferior canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct.
306
What is the clinical term for inflammation of the lacrimal gland?
Dacryadenitis
307
What is the clinical term for a malignant muscle tumor?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
308
What is the clinical term for inflammation of many joints?
Polyarthritis
309
What is the clinical term for a benign cartilage tumor?
Chondroma
310
What is the clinical term for degenerative disease of vertebral joints?
Spondyloarthropathy
311
What is the clinical term for inflammation of brain membranes?
Meningitis
312
What is the clinical term for inflammation of all veins?
Phlebitis
313
What is the clinical term for degenerative disease of glands?
Adenopathy
314
What is the clinical term for a malignant bone tumor?
Osteosarcoma
315
What is the clinical term for inflammation of the urinary bladder?
Cystitis
316
What is the difference between haemostasis and venostasis?
Haemostasis refers to the stopping of bleeding, while venostasis refers to the slowing of blood flow in veins.
317
What is the difference between nausea and vertigo?
Nausea is the feeling of wanting to vomit, while vertigo is the loss of balance.
318
What is the difference between ageusia and anorexia?
Ageusia is the loss of taste, while anorexia is the loss of appetite.
319
What is the difference between myopia and myasthenia?
Myopia is near-sightedness, while myasthenia refers to muscle weakness.
320
What is the difference between haematemesis and sialorrhea?
Haematemesis is vomiting of blood, while sialorrhea is excessive salivation.
321
What is the difference between phlebectomy and phlebotomy?
Phlebectomy is the removal of a vein, while phlebotomy is an incision in a vein to draw blood.
322
What is the medical term for muscle pain?
myalgia
323
What is the medical term for headache?
cephalalgia
324
What is the medical term for excessive sweating?
hyperhidrosis
325
What is the medical term for back pain?
dorsalgia
326
What is the medical term for difficult breathing?
dyspnoe
327
What is the medical term for fainting?
syncope
328
What is the medical term for inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus?
endometritis
329
What is the medical term for a runny nose?
rhinorrhoea
330
What is the medical term for loss of appetite?
anorexia
331
What is the medical term for swelling?
oedema
332
What is the medical term for loss of smell?
anosmia
333
What is the medical term for normal labour?
eutokos
