latin nlhe Flashcards
(635 cards)
1
Q
What does the prefix peri- denote?
A
Around
2
Q
What does the suffix -ectomy mean?
A
Surgical removal
3
Q
What does the word root arthro- refer to?
A
Joints
4
Q
What does the medical term osteo-arthritis contain?
A
Two word roots and one suffix
5
Q
What is the suffix rhoe derived from?
A
The Greek word
6
Q
What does phlebitis refer to?
A
Inflammation of a vein
7
Q
When does a prenatal examination occur?
A
Before the birth of a child
8
Q
What conditions are indicated by the suffixes -algia and -dynia?
A
Pain
9
Q
What is indicated by the suffix -oma?
A
A tumor
10
Q
What is the meaning of atrophy?
A
Lack of nourishment
11
Q
What does keratoderma refer to?
A
Hardened skin
12
Q
What does erythroderma refer to?
A
Redness of skin
13
Q
What does leukoderma refer to?
A
White skin due to lack of normal pigment
14
Q
What does pyoderma refer to?
A
Presence of pus in the skin
15
Q
What does xeroderma refer to?
A
Abnormally dry skin
16
Q
What does melanoderma refer to?
A
Darkening of skin
17
Q
What does scleroderma refer to?
A
Hardened skin
18
Q
What does geroderma refer to?
A
Lax and wrinkled skin
19
Q
What does xanthoderma refer to?
A
Yellow coloration of the skin
20
Q
What does haemothorax refer to?
A
Blood in pleural cavity
21
Q
What does haematocolpos refer to?
A
Blood in vagina
22
Q
What does haematocystis refer to?
A
Blood-filled cysts in a body cavity organ
23
Q
What does haematencephalon refer to?
A
Blood in brain
24
Q
What does haematocolpometra refer to?
A
Blood in vagina and uterus
25
What does haematosteon refer to?
Blood within the bone
26
What does haematopelvis refer to?
Blood in pelvic cavity
27
What does dysuria refer to?
Painful urination
28
What does anuria refer to?
Lack of urine production
29
What does lordosis refer to?
Abnormal inward curvature of the spine
30
What does kyphosis refer to?
Abnormal outward curvature of the spine
31
What does necrosis refer to?
Death of tissue
32
What does hyperplasia refer to?
Increased cell production
33
What does hypoplasia refer to?
Underdevelopment of tissue or organ
34
What is osteopenia?
Reduced bone density.
35
What is osteoporosis?
Fragile and porous bones.
36
What does phlebotonia refer to?
Incision into a vein.
37
What is phlebostonia?
Surgical creation of an opening in a vein.
38
What are the two main groups of adjectives in Latin?
1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives and 3rd Declension Adjectives.
39
What are the endings for 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives?
us, a, um → longus, longa, longum; er, a, um → dexter, dextra, dextrum.
40
What do -us/-er, -a, and -um signify?
-us/-er = masculine nouns; -a = feminine nouns; -um = neuter nouns.
41
What are the endings for 3rd Declension Adjectives?
is, e → frontalis, frontale; ior, ius → anterior, anterius; major, majus/mitor, minus.
42
What do -is/-ior and -e/-ius signify?
-is/-ior = masculine + feminine nouns; -e/-ius = neuter nouns.
43
What is important to know when using adjectives?
We must know the gender of the noun.
44
What are the masculine endings?
-us (97%), -or.
45
What are the feminine endings?
-a (95%), -io, -ix.
46
What are the neuter endings?
-um, -on, -en.
47
What is tracheobronchitis?
Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.
48
What is the genitive singular ending for 1st declension nouns?
-a
## Footnote
Example: scapula → scapulae
49
What is the genitive singular ending for 2nd declension masculine nouns?
-us/-um/-on
## Footnote
Example: musculus → musculi
50
What is the genitive singular ending for 3rd declension nouns?
-ior/-is/-s/-t...
## Footnote
Example: levator → levatoris
51
What is the genitive singular form of 'scapula'?
scapulae
52
What is the genitive singular form of 'costa'?
costae
53
What is the genitive singular form of 'vesica'?
vesicae
54
What is the genitive singular form of 'lingua'?
linguae
55
What is the genitive singular form of 'musculus'?
musculi
56
What is the genitive singular form of 'radius'?
radii
57
What is the genitive singular form of 'ramus'?
rami
58
What is the genitive singular form of 'digitus'?
digiti
59
What is the genitive singular form of 'uterus'?
uteri
60
What is the genitive singular form of 'dorsum'?
dorsi
61
What is the genitive singular form of 'collum'?
colli
62
What is the genitive singular form of 'ligamentum'?
ligamenti
63
What is the genitive singular form of 'olecranon'?
olecrani
64
What is the genitive singular form of 'membrum'?
membrum
65
What is the genitive singular form of 'ovarium'?
ovarii
66
What is the genitive singular form of 'cavum'?
cavi
67
What is the genitive singular form of 'pulmo'?
pulmonis
68
What is the genitive singular form of 'pollex'?
pollis
69
What is the genitive singular form of 'radix'?
radicis
70
What is the genitive singular form of 'cervix'?
cervicis
71
What is the genitive singular form of 'pelvis'?
pelvis
72
What is the genitive singular form of 'auris'?
auricis
73
What is the genitive singular form of 'unctio'?
unctionis
74
What is the genitive singular form of 'os'?
ossis
75
What is the genitive singular form of 'femur'?
femoris
76
What is the genitive singular form of 'caput'?
capitis
77
What is the genitive singular form of 'cor'?
cordis
78
What is the genitive singular form of 'abdomen'?
abdominis
79
What is the genitive singular form of 'vas'?
vasis
80
What is the correct genitive singular for 'os femur'?
ossis femoris
81
What is the correct genitive singular for 'visible haemuria'?
haematuria
82
What is the correct term for 'nefrolitiasis'?
nephrolithiasis
83
What is the correct term for 'cholecystitis acutum'?
Cholecystitis acuta
84
What is the correct term for 'fractura scapula'?
fractura scapulae
85
What is the correct term for 'carcinoma cervix uterus'?
carcinoma cervicis uteri
86
What is the correct term for 'dermatosis chronicum'?
dermatosis chronica
87
What is the correct term for 'os navicularis pes'?
os navicularis pedis
88
What does 'dacryoadenitis' mean?
inflammatio
89
What does 'coxarthrosis' mean?
degeneratio
90
What does 'pyelonephritis' mean?
inflammatio
91
What does 'bronchopneumonia' mean?
infectio
92
What does 'gonarthrosis' mean?
degeneratio
93
What does 'gastroenteritis' mean?
inflammatio
94
What does dacryoadenitis mean?
Inflammation of lachmal gland
95
What does coxarthrosis refer to?
Degenerative disease of hip joint
96
What does pyelonephritis mean?
Inflammation of renal pelvis
97
What does bronchopneumonia refer to?
Infection of bronchi and lung tissue
98
What does gonarthrosis mean?
Degenerative disease of knee joint
99
What does gastroenteritis refer to?
Inflammation of stomach and intestines
100
What does hidradenitis mean?
Inflammation of sweat glands
101
What does osteomyelitis refer to?
Infection of bone
102
What does spondyloarthrosis mean?
Degenerative disease of spine
103
What does sialadenitis refer to?
Inflammation of salivary gland
104
What is the term for disease of the brain?
Encephalopathy
105
What is the term for cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the head?
Hydrocephalus
106
What part of the brain is responsible for coordination/balance?
Cerebellum
107
What is the term for collection of blood above the dura mater?
Epidural haematoma
108
What is the condition of absence of a brain called?
Anencephaly
109
What is the term for hernia of the spinal cord and meninges?
Myelomeningocele
110
What does neuropathy refer to?
Disease of nerve roots
111
What is the nominative plural form for the 1st declension feminine noun ending in -a?
-ae
112
What is the nominative plural form for the 2nd declension masculine noun ending in -us?
-i
113
What is the nominative singular of 'veins'?
vena
## Footnote
venae = veins
114
What is the nominative plural of 'vertebra'?
vertebrae
## Footnote
vertebrae (En.!)
115
What is the nominative plural of 'arteria'?
arteriae
## Footnote
arteriae = arteries
116
What is the nominative plural of 'costa'?
costae
## Footnote
costae = ribs
117
What is the nominative plural of 'musculus'?
musculi
## Footnote
musculi = muscles
118
What is the nominative plural of 'digitus'?
digiti
## Footnote
digiti = fingers/toes
119
What is the nominative plural of 'sulcus'?
sulci
## Footnote
sulci (En.!)
120
What is the nominative plural of 'gyrus'?
gyri
## Footnote
gyri (En.!)
121
What is the nominative plural of 'stimulus'?
stimuli
## Footnote
stimuli (En.!)
122
What is the nominative plural of 'focus'?
foci
## Footnote
foci (En.!)
123
What is the nominative plural of 'bronchus'?
bronchi
## Footnote
bronchi (En.!)
124
What is the rule for starting Latin medical phrases?
They always start with a noun in nominative.
125
What is the nominative singular of 'auris'?
auris
126
What is the nominative plural of 'auris'?
aures
## Footnote
aures added to the root
127
What is the nominative singular of 'pes'?
pes
128
What is the nominative plural of 'pes'?
pedes
## Footnote
pedes
129
What is the nominative singular of 'regio'?
regio
130
What is the nominative plural of 'regio'?
regiones
## Footnote
regiones
131
What is the nominative singular of 'cartilago'?
cartilago
132
What is the nominative plural of 'cartilago'?
cartilagines
## Footnote
cartilagines
133
What is the nominative singular of 'radix'?
radix
134
What is the nominative plural of 'radix'?
radices
## Footnote
radices
135
What is the nominative singular of 'phalanx'?
phalanx
136
What is the nominative plural of 'phalanx'?
phalanges
## Footnote
phalanges (En.!)
137
What is the nominative singular of 'crisis'?
crisis
138
What is the nominative plural of 'crisis'?
crises
## Footnote
crises (En.!)
139
What is the nominative singular of 'diagnosis'?
diagnosis
140
What is the nominative plural of 'diagnosis'?
diagnoses
## Footnote
diagnoses (En.!)
141
What is the plural of 'arteria'?
artende
142
What is the plural of 'vertebra'?
vertebrae
143
What is the plural of 'sutura'?
suturae
144
What is the plural of 'vena'?
vende
145
What is the plural of 'junctura'?
juncturae
146
What is the plural of 'plica'?
plicae
147
What is the plural of 'arteriola'?
arteriolae
148
What is the plural of 'costa'?
costal
149
What is the plural of 'venula'?
venulae
150
What is the plural of 'spina'?
spinae
151
What is the plural of 'incisura'?
incisurae
152
What is the plural of 'oculus'?
oculi
153
What is the plural of 'bronchus'?
bronchi
154
What is the plural of 'stimulus'?
stimuli
155
What is the plural of 'fungus'?
fungi
156
What is the plural of 'focus'?
toci
157
What is the plural of 'nucleus'?
nuclei
158
What is the plural of 'musculus'?
musculi
159
What is the plural of 'nevus'?
nevi
160
What is the plural of 'digitus'?
digiti
161
What is the plural of 'sulcus'?
sulci
162
What is the plural of 'gyrus'?
gyn
163
What is the plural of 'pars'?
parses
164
What is the plural of 'regio'?
legiones
165
What is the plural of 'cartilago'?
cartilages
166
What is the plural of 'pulmo'?
pulmones
167
What is the plural of 'radix'?
radices
168
What is the plural of 'diagnosis'?
diagnoses
169
What is the plural of 'ren'?
lenes
170
What is the plural of 'crisis'?
unises
171
What is the plural of 'dens'?
denses
172
What is the plural of 'articulatio'?
articulationes
173
What is the plural of 'pes'?
pedes
174
What is the genitive singular of 'caput radii'?
caput radii
175
What is the genitive singular of 'spina scapulae'?
spina scapulae
176
How do you say 'cartilages of nose' in Latin?
cartilagines
177
How do you say 'toes of the foot' in Latin?
digiti pedis
178
How do you say 'true ribs' in Latin?
costae verae
179
How do you say 'muscles of head' in Latin?
musculi capitis
180
How do you say 'nuclei of cerebellum' in Latin?
nuclei cerebelli
181
How do you say 'false ribs' in Latin?
costae spuriae
182
How do you say 'parts of human body' in Latin?
partes corporis humani
183
How do you say 'intrapulmonary bronchi' in Latin?
bronchi intrapulmonales
184
How do you say 'regions of human body' in Latin?
regiones corporis humani
185
How do you say 'cranial nerves' in Latin?
neri craniales
186
How do you say 'cervical vertebrae' in Latin?
vertebrae cervicales
187
How do you say 'pulmonary veins' in Latin?
venae pulmonales
188
How do you say 'index fingers' in Latin?
digiti indices
189
How do you say 'cardiac arteries' in Latin?
arteriae cardiacae
190
How do you say 'lungs' in Latin?
pulmones
191
What is the pattern for plural adjectives?
Adjectives follow the same pattern as nouns.
192
What are cervical vertebrae?
Vertebrae
193
What is the Latin term for pulmonary veins?
venae cervicales pulmonales
194
How do adjectives follow nouns in Latin?
Adjectives follow the same pattern as nouns.
195
What are the two groups of adjectives in Latin?
-us/-a/-um type (1st and 2nd declension adjectives) OR -is/-e type (3rd declension adjectives)
196
What is the nominative plural of 'cava'?
cavae
197
What is the nominative plural of 'longus'?
longi
198
What is the nominative plural of 'lateralis'?
laterales
199
What must adjectives agree with in Latin?
Adjectives must agree with their nouns in gender, case, and number.
200
Do adjectives need to agree in declension with their nouns?
No, adjectives do not always have to agree with their nouns in declension.
201
Provide an example of the same declension type.
musculus longus (2nd decl.)
202
Provide an example of different declension types.
condylus lateralis (2nd decl. and 3rd decl.)
203
How do you form a plural phrase with adjectives?
The adjective follows its noun and they must agree in gender, case, and number.
204
What is the singular form of 'musculi longi'?
musculus longus
205
What is the singular form of 'condyli laterales'?
condylus lateralis
206
What is the first step in Exercise 5?
Identify which words are nouns and which are adjectives.
207
What is the second step in Exercise 5?
Describe the location/position/form of the structures.
208
What is the third step in Exercise 5?
Sort the adjectives into groups.
209
What is the fourth step in Exercise 5?
Convert the phrases into singular forms.
210
What is the singular phrase for 'venae gastricae breves'?
vena gastrica brevis
211
What is the singular phrase for 'musculi intercostales interni'?
musculus intercostalis internus
212
What is the singular phrase for 'venae nasales externae'?
vena nasalis externa
213
What is the singular phrase for 'nervi palatini minores'?
nerveus palatinus minor
214
What is the singular phrase for 'arteriae suprarenales superiores'?
arteria suprarenalis superior
215
What are cervical vertebrae?
Vertebrae
216
What is the Latin term for pulmonary veins?
venae cervicales pulmonales
217
How do adjectives follow nouns in Latin?
Adjectives follow the same pattern as nouns.
218
What are the two groups of adjectives in Latin?
-us/-a/-um type (1st and 2nd declension adjectives) OR -is/-e type (3rd declension adjectives)
219
What is the nominative plural of 'cava'?
cavae
220
What is the nominative plural of 'longus'?
longi
221
What is the nominative plural of 'lateralis'?
laterales
222
What must adjectives agree with in Latin?
Adjectives must agree with their nouns in gender, case, and number.
223
Do adjectives need to agree in declension with their nouns?
No, adjectives do not always have to agree with their nouns in declension.
224
Provide an example of the same declension type.
musculus longus (2nd decl.)
225
Provide an example of different declension types.
condylus lateralis (2nd decl. and 3rd decl.)
226
How do you form a plural phrase with adjectives?
The adjective follows its noun and they must agree in gender, case, and number.
227
What is the singular form of 'musculi longi'?
musculus longus
228
What is the singular form of 'condyli laterales'?
condylus lateralis
229
What is the first step in Exercise 5?
Identify which words are nouns and which are adjectives.
230
What is the second step in Exercise 5?
Describe the location/position/form of the structures.
231
What is the third step in Exercise 5?
Sort the adjectives into groups.
232
What is the fourth step in Exercise 5?
Convert the phrases into singular forms.
233
What is the singular phrase for 'venae gastricae breves'?
vena gastrica brevis
234
What is the singular phrase for 'musculi intercostales interni'?
musculus intercostalis internus
235
What is the singular phrase for 'venae nasales externae'?
vena nasalis externa
236
What is the singular phrase for 'nervi palatini minores'?
nerveus palatinus minor
237
What is the singular phrase for 'arteriae suprarenales superiores'?
arteria suprarenalis superior
238
What is the sinus venarum cavarum?
Sinus of the vena cara
239
What does vagina tendinum refer to?
Sheath of the tendons
240
What is the flexor profundus digitorum?
Deep flexor of the fingers
241
What are levatores costarum?
Elevators of the ribs
242
What is the correct term for bronchus intrapulmonales?
Bronchi intrapulmonales
243
What is the correct term for arteriae palpebralis lateralis?
Arteria palpebralis lateralis
244
What is the correct term for os hamatus?
Os liamatum
245
What is the correct term for ossa digitarum pes?
Ossa digitorum pedis
246
What is the correct term for musculi caput?
Musculi capitis
247
What does the Greek root 'dactyl-' refer to in Latin?
Digitus (finger/toe)
248
What does the Greek root 'card' refer to in Latin?
Cor (heart)
249
What does the Greek root 'optitalm-' refer to in Latin?
Oculus (eye)
250
What does the Greek root 'encephal-' refer to in Latin?
Cerebrum (brain)
251
What does the Greek root 'dermat-' refer to in Latin?
Cutis (skin)
252
What does the Greek root 'chondr-' refer to in Latin?
Cartilago (cartilage)
253
What does the Greek root 'colpo-' refer to in Latin?
Vagina (sheath)
254
What does the Greek root 'metro-' refer to in Latin?
Uterus (womb)
255
What does the Greek root 'pulles-' refer to in Latin?
Vena (vein)
256
What is nephrectomia?
Removal of kidney
257
What is nephritis?
Inflammation of kidneys
258
What is nephrosis?
Kidney disease
259
What is nephroma?
Tumor of the kidney
260
What is nephropathi?
Kidney disease
261
What is nephrolithiasi?
Kidney stones
262
What is the Latin term for gallbladder?
Vesica biliaris
263
What is the Latin term for kidney?
Ren
264
What is the Latin term for head?
Caput
265
What does brachycephalia mean?
Short head
266
What does cephalalgia mean?
Headache
267
What does hydrocephalus mean?
Fluid buildup in the head
268
What does inflammation of the brain refer to?
Encephalitis
269
What does macrocephalia mean?
Abnormally large head
270
What is the Latin term for condyle?
Condylus, i, m.
271
What is the Latin term for focus?
Focus, i, m.
272
What is the Latin term for fungus?
Fungus, i, m.
273
What is the Latin term for rounded ridge on the cerebral surface?
Gyrus, i, m.
274
What is the Latin term for birth mark?
Nevus, i, m.
275
What is the Latin term for nucleus?
Nucleus, i, m.
276
What is the Latin term for eye?
Oculus, i, m.
277
What is the Latin term for groove?
Sulcus, i, m.
278
What is the Latin term for cartilage?
Cartilago, inis, f.
279
What is the Latin term for fascia?
Fascia, ae, f.
280
What is the Latin term for kneecap?
Patella, ae, f.
281
What is the Latin term for spine?
Spina, ae, f.
282
What is the Latin term for vagina?
Vagina, ae, f.
283
What does cardiacus, a, um mean?
Cardiac (relating to heart)
284
What does cavus, a, um mean?
Hollow
285
What does gastricus, a, um mean?
Gastric
286
What does nutricius, a, um mean?
Nutrient
287
What does oblongatus, a, um mean?
Prolonged
288
What does palatinus, a, um mean?
Palatal (related to palate)
289
What does profundus, a, um mean?
Deep
290
What does ruber, rubra, rubrum mean?
Red
291
What does spurius, a, um mean?
False
292
What does verus, a, um mean?
True
293
What does brevis, e mean?
Short
294
What does intercostalis, e mean?
Intercostal
295
What does intrapulmonalis, e mean?
Intrapulmonary
296
What does labialis, e mean?
Labial (related to lips)
297
What does palpebralis, e mean?
Palpebral (related to eyelid)
298
What does retroduodenalis, e mean?
Retroduodenal (behind the duodenum)
299
What does sacrococcygealis, e mean?
Sacrococcygeal
300
What does supraclavicularis, e mean?
Supraclavicular
301
What does suprarenalis, e mean?
Suprarenal
302
What are the endings for the genitive plural in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declension?
The genitive plural is formed with the endings: -arum, -orum, -um/-ium.
303
How common are genitive plural forms in anatomical terminology?
Genitive plural forms are very rare in anatomical terminology.
304
What is the genitive plural form for 1st declension?
The genitive plural form for 1st declension is 'sena rum'.
305
What are examples of genitive plural forms in 2nd declension?
Examples include 'vasorum', 'digitorum', 'musculorum'.
306
What are examples of genitive plural forms in 3rd declension?
Examples include 'ossium', 'tendinum'.
307
What does 'ossa digitorum pedis' mean?
'Ossa digitorum pedis' means 'bones of the toes'.
308
What does 'fasciae musculorum' mean?
'Fasciae musculorum' means 'fasciae of the muscles'.
309
What is the preferred term for 'medulla ossium rubra'?
The preferred term is 'medulla rubra ossis', meaning 'red bone marrow'.
310
What does 'sinus venarum cavarum' refer to?
'Sinus venarum cavarum' refers to 'sinus of the vena cava'.
311
What does 'vagina tendinum' mean?
'Vagina tendinum' means 'sheath of the tendons'.
312
What does 'flexor profundus digitorum' refer to?
'Flexor profundus digitorum' refers to 'deep flexor of the fingers'.
313
What does 'levatores costarum' mean?
'Levatores costarum' means 'elevators of the ribs'.
314
What is the correct form for 'bronchus intrapulmonates'?
'Bronchus intrapulmonales' is the correct form.
315
What is the correct form for 'arteriae palpebralis lateralis'?
'Arteria palpebralis lateralis' is the correct form.
316
What is the correct form for 'os hamatus'?
'Os hamatum' is the correct form.
317
What is the correct form for 'ossa digitarum pes'?
'Ossa digitorum pedis' is the correct form.
318
What is the correct form for 'musculi caput'?
'Musculi capitis' is the correct form.
319
What does 'nephrectomia' mean?
'Nephrectomia' means 'removal of kidney'.
320
What does 'brachycephalia' refer to?
'Brachycephalia' refers to a condition of short head.
321
What does 'nephritis' mean?
'Nephritis' means 'inflammation of the kidneys'.
322
What does 'nephrosis' refer to?
'Nephrosis' refers to a kidney disease.
323
What does 'cephalalgia' mean?
'Cephalalgia' means 'headache'.
324
What does 'hydrocephalus' refer to?
'Hydrocephalus' refers to an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain.
325
What does 'nephroma' mean?
'Nephroma' refers to a benign tumor of the kidneys.
326
What does 'encephalitis' mean?
'Encephalitis' refers to inflammation of the brain.
327
What does 'nephropathia' refer to?
'Nephropathia' is a general term for any disease of the kidneys.
328
What does 'nephrolithiasis' mean?
'Nephrolithiasis' means 'kidney stones'.
329
What does 'macrocephalia' refer to?
'Macrocephalia' refers to an abnormal increase in the size of the head.
330
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'joint'?
'Articulatio' is the Latin nominative singular for 'joint'.
331
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'finger/toe'?
'Digitus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'finger/toe'.
332
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'vessel'?
'Vas' is the Latin nominative singular for 'vessel'.
333
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'heart'?
'Cor' is the Latin nominative singular for 'heart'.
334
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'eye'?
'Oculus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'eye'.
335
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'brain'?
'Cerebrum' is the Latin nominative singular for 'brain'.
336
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'skin'?
'Cutis' is the Latin nominative singular for 'skin'.
337
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'cartilage'?
'Cartilago' is the Latin nominative singular for 'cartilage'.
338
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'vagina'?
'Vagina' is the Latin nominative singular for 'vagina'.
339
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'uterus'?
'Uterus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'uterus'.
340
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'vein'?
'Vena' is the Latin nominative singular for 'vein'.
341
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'condyle'?
'Condylus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'condyle'.
342
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'focus'?
'Focus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'focus'.
343
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'fungus'?
'Fungus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'fungus'.
344
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'rounded ridge on the cerebral surface'?
'Gyrus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'rounded ridge on the cerebral surface'.
345
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'birth mark'?
'Nevus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'birth mark'.
346
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'nucleus'?
'Nucleus' is the Latin nominative singular for 'nucleus'.
347
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'tooth'?
'Dens' is the Latin nominative singular for 'tooth'.
348
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'kidney'?
'Ren' is the Latin nominative singular for 'kidney'.
349
What is the Latin nominative singular for 'tendon'?
'Tendo' is the Latin nominative singular for 'tendon'.
350
What is the plural form of vena gastrica brevis?
venae gastricae breves
351
What is the plural form of musculus intercostalis intermus?
musculi intercostales interni
352
What is the plural form of vena nasalis externa?
venae nasales externae
353
What is the plural form of venus palatinus minor?
nervi palatini minores
354
What is the plural form of arteria suprarenalis supenor?
arteriae suprarenales superiores
355
What is the anatomical name for kneecap?
patella
356
What is the anatomical name for ankle?
tarsus
357
What is the anatomical name for collarbone?
clavicula
358
What is the anatomical name for thigh bone?
femur
359
What is the anatomical name for wrist?
carpus
360
What is the anatomical name for shinbone?
tibia
361
What is the anatomical name for shoulder blade?
scapula
362
What is the anatomical name for finger bones?
ossa digitorum manes
363
What is the anatomical name for toe bones?
ossa digitorum pedis
364
What is the anatomical name for hand bones (btw. wrist and fingers)?
ossa metacarpi
365
What is the anatomical name for upper arm bone?
humerus
366
What is the anatomical name for forefoot bones (btw. tarsus and toes)?
ossa metatarsi
367
What is the genitive plural form for 1st declension nouns?
-arum
368
What is the genitive plural form for 2nd declension nouns?
-orum
369
What is the genitive plural form for 3rd declension nouns?
-um/-ium
370
What is the genitive plural form for vena?
venarum
371
What is the genitive plural form for arteria?
arteriarum
372
What is the genitive plural form for costa?
costarum
373
What is the plural form of vena gastrica brevis?
venae gastricae breves
374
What is the plural form of musculus intercostalis intermus?
musculi intercostales interni
375
What is the plural form of vena nasalis externa?
venae nasales externae
376
What is the plural form of venus palatinus minor?
nervi palatini minores
377
What is the plural form of arteria suprarenalis supenor?
arteriae suprarenales superiores
378
What is the anatomical name for kneecap?
patella
379
What is the anatomical name for ankle?
tarsus
380
What is the anatomical name for collarbone?
clavicula
381
What is the anatomical name for thigh bone?
femur
382
What is the anatomical name for wrist?
carpus
383
What is the anatomical name for shinbone?
tibia
384
What is the anatomical name for shoulder blade?
scapula
385
What is the anatomical name for finger bones?
ossa digitorum manes
386
What is the anatomical name for toe bones?
ossa digitorum pedis
387
What is the anatomical name for hand bones (btw. wrist and fingers)?
ossa metacarpi
388
What is the anatomical name for upper arm bone?
humerus
389
What is the anatomical name for forefoot bones (btw. tarsus and toes)?
ossa metatarsi
390
What is the genitive plural form for 1st declension nouns?
-arum
391
What is the genitive plural form for 2nd declension nouns?
-orum
392
What is the genitive plural form for 3rd declension nouns?
-um/-ium
393
What is the genitive plural form for vena?
venarum
394
What is the genitive plural form for arteria?
arteriarum
395
What is the genitive plural form for costa?
costarum
396
What are the genitive forms for corpus?
corpus → ossis
## Footnote
Genitive singular form.
397
What is the genitive form for crus?
crus → ossium
## Footnote
Genitive plural form.
398
What is the genitive form for ulcus?
ulcus → ulci
## Footnote
Genitive singular form.
399
What is the genitive form for vulnus?
vulnus → vulneris
## Footnote
Genitive singular form.
400
What is the genitive form for vulnero?
vulnero → vulneris
## Footnote
Genitive singular form.
401
What is the nominative singular and plural for vas?
vas → vasa
## Footnote
Nominative singular and plural forms.
402
What is the nominative singular and plural for OS?
OS → ossa
## Footnote
Nominative singular and plural forms.
403
What is the nominative singular and plural for femur?
femur → temora
## Footnote
Nominative singular and plural forms.
404
What is the nominative singular for caramen?
caramen → toramina
## Footnote
Nominative singular form.
405
What is the meaning of 'per capita'?
per capita means 'per person'.
406
What must agree in gender, case, and number?
The noun and its adjective must always be in agreement.
407
What are the neuter adjective endings?
Neutral nouns are combined only with -um/-e/-ius.
408
What is the correct form for 'foreign body'?
foreign body → corpus alienum
## Footnote
Correct neuter form.
409
What is the correct form for 'peptic ulcer'?
peptic ulcer → ulcus pepticum
## Footnote
Correct neuter form.
410
What is the correct form for 'sout wound'?
sout wound → vulnus sectum
## Footnote
Correct neuter form.
411
List feminine nouns in nominative singular.
Feminine nouns: placenta, vertebra, tibia, labia, membrana, patella, coxa, mandibula, ruptura, clavicula.
## Footnote
Total of 12 feminine nouns.
412
List neuter nouns in nominative plural.
Neuter nouns: viscera, membra, ossa, foramina, vulnera, strata, planta.
## Footnote
Total of 11 neuter nouns.
413
What is the meaning of 'corpus adiposum orbitae'?
fatty body of the orbit.
414
What is the meaning of 'stratum corneum'?
Outermost layer of epidermis.
415
What is the meaning of 'labium majus vulvae'?
greater lip of the vulva.
416
What is the meaning of 'stratum lucidum'?
transparent layer.
417
What is the meaning of 'membrum superius'?
upper limb.
418
What is the meaning of 'corpus alienum oculi'?
foreign body in the nose.
419
What is the meaning of 'punctum caecum'?
blind spot.
420
What is the meaning of 'corpus adiposum buccae'?
fat of the cheek.
421
What is the meaning of 'membrum virile'?
male genital organ.
422
What is the meaning of 'rete venosum'?
venous network.
423
What is the meaning of 'ulcus durum intraorale syphiliticum'?
interoral syphilitic ulcer.
424
What is the Latin name for the frontal bone?
os frontale
425
What is the Latin name for the sesamoid bone?
os sesamoideum
426
What is the Latin name for the zygomatic bone?
os zygomaticum
427
What is the Latin name for the lacrimal bone?
os lacrimale
428
What is the Latin name for a long bone?
os longum
429
What is the Latin name for the temporal bone?
os temporale
430
What is the Latin name for the sacrum?
os sacrum
431
What is the Latin name for a short bone?
os breve
432
What is the Latin name for the nasal bone?
os nasale
433
What is the Latin name for the hamate bone?
os hamatum
434
What does 'vulnus apertum' mean?
Open wound
435
What does 'vulnus sectum' mean?
cut wound
436
What does 'vulnus lacerum' mean?
lacerating wound
437
What does 'vulnus punctum' mean?
puncture wound
438
What does 'vulnus contusum' mean?
bruised wound
439
What does 'morsus' mean?
bite
440
What does 'vulnus sclopetarium' mean?
gunshot wound
441
What does 'vulnus punctum thoracis' mean?
puncture wound of the thorax
442
What does 'vulnus sclopetarium capitis' mean?
gunshot wound of the head
443
What does 'vulnus lacerum linguae' mean?
lacerated wound of the tongue
444
What does 'morsus apertus brachii' mean?
Open bite wound of the arm
445
What does 'abrasio genus' mean?
abrasion of the knee
446
What does 'vulnus sectum abdominis' mean?
cut wound of the abdomen
447
What is the Latin name for the small intestine?
intestinum tenue
448
What is the Latin name for the duodenum?
intestinum duodenum
449
What is the Latin name for the jejunum?
intestinum jejunum
450
What is the Latin name for the ileum?
intestinum ileum
451
What is the Latin name for the large intestine?
intestinum crassum
452
What is the Latin name for the caecum?
intestinum caecum
453
What is the Latin name for the colon?
intestinum colon
454
What is the Latin name for the rectum?
intestinum rectum
455
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for trauma?
trauma, atis, n.
456
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for coma?
coma, atis, n.
457
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for system?
systema, atis, n.
458
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for syndrome?
syndroma, atis, n.
459
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for symptom?
symptoma, atis, n.
460
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for eczema?
eczema, atis, n.
461
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for asthma?
asthma, atis, n.
462
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for rheuma?
rheuma, atis, n.
463
What is the Greek origin neuter noun for aneurysm?
aneurysma, atis, n.
464
What is the plural form of 'symptoma'?
symptomata
465
What is the nominative singular form of 'symptoma'?
symptoma
466
What is the genitive singular form of 'symptoma'?
symptomatis
467
What is the rule regarding the use of adjectives with Greek and Latin nouns?
The noun and its adjective must always be in agreement regarding gender, case, and number.
468
What is the nominative singular of 'symptoma'?
symptoma
469
What is the genitive singular of 'symptoma'?
symptomatis
470
What is the nominative plural of 'symptoma'?
symptomata
471
What are examples of nouns that refer to anatomical structures?
derma, stoma, soma, haema, etc.
472
What must always be in agreement when using nouns and adjectives?
Gender, case, number.
473
What are the neuter adjective endings?
-um/-e/-ius
474
Provide an example of a neuter noun with its correct adjective form.
trauma apertum
475
What is the correct form for 'coma' with an adjective?
coma diabeticum
476
What is the nominative singular of 'trauma'?
trauma
477
What is the nominative plural of 'trauma'?
traumata
478
List the feminine nouns from the exercise.
pneumonia, glandula, fossa, fractura, gravida, medulla, tuba, vagina, mamma, apertura, vesica, eczema, adenoma
479
List the neuter nouns from the exercise.
trauma, systema, coma, soma, symptoma, carcinoma, aneurysma, aorta, adenoma
480
What does 'trauma apertum' mean?
Open injury
481
What does 'systema nervosum' mean?
nervous system
482
What does 'trauma clausum' mean?
Closed injury
483
What does 'eczema atopicum' mean?
atopic eczema
484
What does 'systema urogenitale' mean?
urogenital system
485
What does 'aneurysma acquisitum' mean?
acquired aneurysm
486
What does 'systema digestorium' mean?
digestive system
487
What does 'asthma bronchiale' mean?
asthma
488
What does 'rheuma senile' mean?
rheumatoid arthritis
489
What does 'systema respiratorium' mean?
respiratory system
490
What are the neuter nouns in the 4th declension?
genu, cornu
491
What is the nominative singular of 'genu'?
genu
492
What is the nominative plural of 'genu'?
genua
493
What is the nominative singular of 'cornu'?
cornu
494
What is the nominative plural of 'cornu'?
cornua
495
What does 'regio anterior genus' mean?
anterior region of the knee
496
What does 'ossa sesamoidea genus' mean?
sesamoid bones of the knee
497
What does 'cornu superius cartilaginis thyreoideae' mean?
superior horn of the thyroid cartilage
498
What are the neuter nouns in the 4th Declension?
There are two neuters: genu, us, n. = knee and cornu, us, n. = horn.
499
What is the nominative singular of 'knee' in Latin?
genu
500
What is the genitive singular of 'knee' in Latin?
genus
501
What is the nominative plural of 'knee' in Latin?
genua
502
What does 'regio anterior genus' mean?
anterior region of the knee
503
What does 'ossa sesamoidea genus' mean?
sesamoid bones of the knee
504
What does 'cornu superius cartilaginis thyreoideae' mean?
superior horn of the thyroid cartilage
505
What does 'traumata genus aut cruis' mean?
trauma of the knee or the lower leg
506
What is the opposite of 'genu varum'?
genu valgum
507
What is the opposite of 'costae spuriae'?
costae verae
508
What is the opposite of 'regio anterior genus'?
regio posterior genus
509
What is the opposite of 'tumor benignus'?
tumor malignus
510
What is the opposite of 'os longum'?
os breve
511
What is the opposite of 'labia majora'?
labia minora
512
What is the opposite of 'trauma superficiale'?
trauma profundum
513
What is the opposite of 'aneurysma congenitum'?
aneurysma acquisitum
514
What is the opposite of 'foramen majus'?
foramen minus
515
What is the opposite of 'cornu posterius medullae spinalis'?
cornu anterius medullae spinalis
516
What is the opposite of 'otitis interna'?
otitis externa
517
What is the opposite of 'membrum superius'?
membrum inferius
518
What does 'ossa digitorum pedis' mean?
bones of the toes
519
What does 'ossa columnae vertebralis' mean?
bones of the vertebral column
520
What does 'ossa digitorum manus' mean?
bones of the fingers
521
What does 'juncturae' mean?
joints
522
What does 'partes distales membri superioris' mean?
distal parts of the upper limb
523
What does 'organula calcificata oris' mean?
calcified structures of the mouth
524
What does 'vasa sanguinea (sanguis oxygenatus)' mean?
blood vessels (oxygenated blood)
525
What does 'organa visus' mean?
eyes
526
What does 'vasa sanguinea (sanguis deoxygenatus)' mean?
blood vessels (deoxygenated blood)
527
What does 'partes distales membri inferioris' mean?
distal parts of the lower limb
528
What does 'ossa thoracis' mean?
bones of the thorax
529
What does 'organa auditus' mean?
ears
530
What is the correct form of 'vulnus lacerus lingua'?
Vulnus lacerum linguae
531
What is the correct form of 'trauma aperta'?
trauma apertum
532
What is the correct form of 'corpus alienus auris'?
Corpus alienum auris
533
What is the correct form of 'aneurysma venosa'?
aneurysma venosum
534
What is the correct form of 'corpus adiposus buccae'?
corpus adiposum buccae
535
What does 'verus, a, um' mean?
true
536
What does 'costae verae' mean?
true ribs
537
What does 'aneurysma verum' mean?
true aneurysm
538
What does 'latus, a, um' mean?
broad
539
What does 'ligamentum latum uteri' mean?
broad ligament of the uterus
540
What does 'musculus latissimus dorsi' mean?
latissimus dorsi muscle
541
What does 'varus, a, um' mean?
dislocated/bent inward
542
What does 'coxa vara' mean?
dislocated hip bone
543
What does 'genu varum' mean?
knee bent inward
544
What does 'latus, eris, n.' mean?
side
545
What does 'lateralis' mean?
lateral
546
What does 'frac. lat. dx.' mean?
fractura lateris dextri = fracture of the right side
547
What does 'etc.' stand for?
et cetera = and other things/the remaining things
548
What does 'et al.' stand for?
et alii/et aliae/et alia = and others
549
Who were the Vestal Virgins?
Virgin priestesses to the goddess Vesta, responsible for maintaining the sacred flame.
550
What was the significance of the flame of Vesta?
It symbolized the status of Rome itself.
551
What happened if the flame of Vesta went out?
It was seen as a sign that the city could be in danger.
552
What was the punishment for Vestals who lost their chastity?
They were sentenced to living burial.
553
What is the Latin term for 'not morally pure'?
in-castum
554
What is the Latin term for 'cheek'?
bucca, ae, f.
555
What is the Latin term for 'vertebral column'?
columna vertebralis
556
What is the Latin term for 'breast'?
mamma, ae, f.
557
What is the Latin term for 'orbit (eye socket)'?
orbita, ae, f.
558
What is the Latin term for 'palm'?
palma, ae, f.
559
What is the Latin term for 'placenta'?
placenta, ae, f.
## Footnote
Temporary organ that forms in uterus during pregnancy which nourishes the fetus.
560
What is the Latin term for 'sole'?
planta, ae, f.
561
What is the Latin term for 'vulva'?
vulva, ae, f.
## Footnote
External genitalia of the female.
562
What is the Latin term for 'eye'?
oculus, i, m.
563
What is the Latin term for 'abrasion'?
abrasio, onis, f.
564
What is the Latin term for 'blood'?
sanguis, inis, m.
565
What is the Latin term for 'atrium'?
atrium, i, n.
566
What is the Latin term for 'skull'?
cranium, i, n.
567
What is the Latin term for 'lip'?
labium, i, n.
568
What is the Latin term for 'handle'?
manubrium, i, n.
569
What is the Latin term for 'palate'?
palatum, i, n.
## Footnote
Mouth roof.
570
What is the Latin term for 'point, spot'?
punctum, i, n.
571
What is the Latin term for 'septum'?
septum, i, n.
## Footnote
Dividing wall.
572
What is the Latin term for 'skeleton'?
skeleton, i, n.
573
What is the Latin term for 'sputum'?
sputum, i, n.
## Footnote
Saliva + mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract.
574
What is the Latin term for 'layer'?
stratum, i, n.
575
What is the Latin term for 'aneurysm'?
aneurysma, atis, n.
## Footnote
Dilation of blood vessel forming a sac.
576
What is the Latin term for 'asthma'?
asthma, atis, n.
577
What is the Latin term for 'coma'?
coma, atis, n.
578
What is the Latin term for 'body'?
corpus, oris, n.
579
What is the Latin term for 'leg, lower leg'?
crus, cruris, n.
580
What is the Latin term for 'eczema'?
eczema, atis, n.
581
What is the Latin term for 'gender'?
genus, eris, n.
582
What is the Latin term for 'side'?
latus, eris, n.
583
What is the Latin term for 'chest'?
pectus, oris, n.
584
What is the Latin term for 'network'?
rete, is, n.
585
What is the Latin term for 'rheumatism'?
rheuma, atis, n.
## Footnote
Limitations and pain of the musculoskeletal system.
586
What is the Latin term for 'symptom, sign'?
symptoma, atis, n.
587
What is the Latin term for 'syndrome'?
syndroma, atis, n.
## Footnote
Group of symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition.
588
What is the Latin term for 'system'?
systema, atis, n.
589
What is the Latin term for 'temples'?
tempora, um, n. (pl.)
590
What is the Latin term for 'injury'?
trauma, atis, n.
591
What is the Latin term for 'ulcer'?
ulcus, eris, n.
592
What is the Latin term for 'inner organs'?
viscera, um, n. (pl.)
593
What is the Latin term for 'wound'?
vulnus, eris, n.
594
What is the Latin term for 'hand'?
manus, us, f. (!)
595
What is the Latin term for 'bite'?
morsus, us, m.
596
What is the Latin term for 'knee'?
genu, us, n.
597
What is the Latin term for 'horn'?
cornu, us, n.
598
What is the Latin term for 'adipose'?
adiposus, a, um
599
What is the Latin term for 'foreign'?
alienus, a, um
600
What is the Latin term for 'acquired'?
acquisitus, a, um
601
What is the Latin term for 'open'?
apertus, a, um
602
What is the Latin term for 'atopic (affecting any body part)'?
atopicus, a, um
603
What is the Latin term for 'benign'?
benignus, a, um
604
What is the Latin term for 'blind'?
caecus, a, um
605
What is the Latin term for 'calcificated'?
calcificatus, a, um
606
What is the Latin term for 'closed'?
clausus, a, um
607
What is the Latin term for 'congenital'?
congenitus, a, um
608
What is the Latin term for 'contused'?
contusus, a, um
609
What is the Latin term for 'thick'?
crassus, a, um
610
What is the Latin term for 'horny'?
corneus, a, um
611
What is the Latin term for 'deoxygenated'?
deoxygenatus, a, um
612
What is the Latin term for 'digestive'?
digestorius, a, um
613
What is the Latin term for 'torn apart'?
lacerus, a, um
614
What is the Latin term for 'clear'?
lucidus, a, um
615
What is the Latin term for 'malignant'?
malignus, a, um
616
What is the Latin term for 'oxygenated'?
oxygenates, a, um
617
What is the Latin term for 'peptic (relating to digestion)'?
pepticus, a, um
618
What is the Latin term for 'deep'?
profundus, a, um
619
What is the Latin term for 'stabbed'?
punctus, a, um
620
What is the Latin term for 'cut'?
sectus, a, um
621
What is the Latin term for 'related to gunshot'?
sclopetarius, a, um
## Footnote
sclopetum = handgun.
622
What is the Latin term for 'false'?
spurius, a, um
623
What is the Latin term for 'bent outward'?
valgus, a, um
## Footnote
genua valga = outward angulation of lower legs/ x-legs.
624
What is the Latin term for 'venous'?
venosus, a, um
625
What is the Latin term for 'bent inward'?
varus, a, um
## Footnote
genua vara = bowing of lower legs/ o-legs.
626
What is the Latin term for 'true'?
verus, a, um
627
What is the Latin term for 'short'?
brevis, e
628
What is the Latin term for 'distal (further)'?
distalis, e
629
What is the Latin term for 'intraoral'?
intraoralis, e
630
What is the Latin term for 'lacrimal'?
lacrimalis, e
631
What is the Latin term for 'senile (related to old people)'?
senilis, e
632
What is the Latin term for 'superficial'?
superficialis, e
633
What is the Latin term for 'thin'?
tenuis, e
634
What is the Latin term for 'urogenital'?
urogenitalis, e
635
What is the Latin term for 'masculine (vir = man)'?
virilis, e
