Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development

Question 1

Preconventional Level:

Question 2

Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation:

Answer 2

Morality is determined by the avoidance of punishment and the potential for consequences.

Question 3

Stage 2: Instrumental Purpose Orientation:

Answer 3

Morality is based on personal needs and a sense of fairness, with an emphasis on reciprocity.

Question 4

Conventional Level:

Question 5

Stage 3: Interpersonal Accord and Conformity Orientation

Answer 5

Morality is influenced by social expectations and the desire to be accepted and liked by others.

Question 6

Stage 4: Authority and Social Order Maintaining Orientation:

Answer 6

Morality is defined by upholding social norms, rules, and laws, and maintaining societal order.

Question 7

Postconventional Level:

Question 8

Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation

Answer 8

Morality is based on a belief in the importance of fairness, justice, and the need to protect individual rights.

Question 9

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles Orientation:

Answer 9

Morality is based on a commitment to universal ethical principles such as justice, human dignity, and equality, even if they conflict with laws or social norms.