PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION IN EDUCATION

Question 1

IDEALISM

Answer 1

Aim: Develop the mind and the self

Curriculum: Lessons necessary for mental and moral development

Teaching and Learning Process: teachers to be role models of intellectual, moral, aesthetic and vocational excellence.

Methods; Provision for thinking, reasoning, moral evaluation

Proponents: humanism

Question 2

REALISM

Answer 2

Aim: Prepare students to survive in the natural world

Curriculum: math and Science

Teaching - learning Process; lessons related to true-to-life experiences, students learned factual information

METHODS: scientific process, experimentation, explanation/probing, comparison, interpretation, practical application, mastery of content and application in real life.

Question 3

PRAGMATISM

Answer 3

AIM: develops thinking individuals to be able to adjust to an ever changing world

CURRICULUM: Individual social function

TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS: Learning by doing, provides projects and activities for individual and group experimental learning

Question 4

PERENNIALISM

Answer 4

AIM: Rigorously develop students’ intellectual power first, and moral quantities second

CURRICULUM: Theological principles, and ideas, Subject-centred

TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS: learning concepts and meaningful application, reaoning for analytical, deep, thinking, flexibility and imaginative development

METHODS: Socratic dialogues between teachers and students, application of scientific processess

Question 5

Essentialism

Answer 5

BACK TO THE BASIC APPROACH OF EDUCATION OR KNOWLEDGE

AIM: Instill essential of academic knowledge

CURRICULUM: 3R’S
English, History, math and Literatures

TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS: students are required to mastered basic information, form simple to complex

Methods: writng, measurements, computing, application to real life, return to essentials

Question 6

PROGRESSIVISM

Answer 6

AIM: provide the individuals with necessary skills to be able to interact with the ever changing environment

curriculum: activity and experience centered, principle of individual differences

Teaching - Learning Process: school as microcosm of society, a model of democracy, teacher is passive, acts only as guide, facilitator, group leader, and consultant

Methods: group activities, brainstorming, field trip, socialized recitation, reading learning by doing

Question 7

EXISTENTIALISM

Answer 7

freedom of human being to make choices: individuals are responsible for their own life and choices

AIM: individuals to make own choices out of available alternatives

CURRICULUM: subject matters is only second to humanities, students given a wide variety of option from which to choose