SCIENCE GEN ED Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
It came from Greek words ‘‘bios’’ and ‘‘logos’’
Means study of life
A
BIOLOGY
2
Q
It is the study of BODY PARTS and their LOCATION.
A
ANATOMY
3
Q
the study of FUNCTIONS of the body parts.
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PHYSIOLOGY
4
Q
It is the study of chemical processes and transformations in living organisms.
A
BIOCHEMISTRY
5
Q
It is the study of cells.
A
CYTOLOGY
6
Q
It is the basic unit of life / fundamental or simplest unit of life.
A
CELL
7
Q
What is the sequence of cell.
A
A tom
M olecule
O rganelle
C ell
T issue
O rgan
S ystem
O rgnanism
8
Q
It play a fundamental role as the basic building blocks of all matter, including the cells studied in cytology
A
ATOM
9
Q
It is the study of ecosystem (interaction between an organism and its environment).
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ECOLOGY
10
Q
It is the study of GENES and HEREDITY.
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GENETICS
11
Q
It is the study of microorganisms.
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MICROBIOLOGY
12
Q
It is the study of fungi.
A
MYCOLOGY
13
Q
It is the study of ALGAE
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PHYCOLOGY
14
Q
It is the study of parasites and their hosts.
A
PARASITOLOGY
15
Q
It is the study of classification and naming of organisms.
A
TAXONOMY
16
Q
It is the study of plants.
A
BOTANY
17
Q
It is the study of animals.
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ZOOLOGY
18
Q
It is the study of ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR.
A
ETHOLOGY
19
Q
It is the study of FISHES.
A
ICHTHYOLOGY
20
Q
It is the study of birds.
A
ORNITHOLOGY
21
Q
It is the study of insects.
A
ENTOMOLOGY
22
Q
CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE
A
23
Q
He discovered the cell from a cork made from bark of an oak tree.
He coined the term ‘‘cell’’ (cellulae) - small room.
A
ROBERT HOOKE (1665)
24
Q
He discovered the cell’s nucleus.
A
ROBERT BROWN (1831)
25
First to observe living cells (bacteria, protozoa, sperm cells) using his handmade microscopes.
Called them "animalcules."
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723)
26
He proposed that all plants are made of cells (1838)
Matthias Schleiden
27
Extended the idea of Schleiden about cell, to animals, formulating the Cell Theory (1839).
Theodor Schwann (1810–1882)
28
He added the third tenet of Cell Theory: "Omnis cellula e cellula" (All cells come from pre-existing cells).
Pioneered cellular pathology, linking diseases to cellular changes.
Rudolf Virchow
29
She proposed the endosymbiotic theory, explaining the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from ancient bacteria.
Revolutionized our understanding of eukaryotic cell evolution.
Lynn Margulis
30
HE Discovered the Golgi apparatus (cellular organelle involved in secretion)
Camillo Golgi
31
He established neurons as individual cells (foundation of neuroscience).
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
32
He discovered ribosomes and elucidated the secretory pathway (ER → Golgi → vesicles).
Nobel Prize (1974) for work on cellular structure and function.
George Palade
33
Discovered lysosomes (digestive organelles) and peroxisomes.
Shared the 1974 Nobel Prize with Palade and Albert Claude.
Christian de Duve
34
Discovered the double-helix structure of DNA (1953), explaining genetic basis of cellular life.
Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images were critical to the discovery.
James Watson (1928– ), Francis Crick (1916–2004), & Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958)
35
She discovered transposons ("jumping genes") in maize, showing genetic regulation in cells.
Nobel Prize (1983).
Barbara McClintock
36
He synthesized UREA (1828) from inorganic ammonium cyanate, disproving vitalism (the idea that organic compounds could only come from living organisms).
Marked the birth of organic chemistry.
Friedrich Wöhler
37
He discovered molecular chirality (asymmetry in organic molecules like tartaric acid).
Proved that fermentation is caused by microorganisms, linking chemistry to biology.
Louis Pasteur
38
"Father of Biochemistry" – studied proteins, sugars, and enzymes.
Proposed the "lock-and-key" model for enzyme-substrate interactions (1894).
Nobel Prize (1902) for work on carbohydrates and purines.
Emil Fischer
39
First to crystallize an enzyme (urease), proving enzymes are proteins (1926).
Nobel Prize (1946) for demonstrating the protein nature of enzymes.
James B. Sumner
40
Pioneered quantum chemistry and molecular biology.
Discovered the α-helix and β-sheet structures in proteins.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) and Peace Prize (1962).
Linus Pauling
41
Discovered the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), the central metabolic pathway in cells.
Nobel Prize (1953) for elucidating cellular respiration.
Hans Krebs
42
Mapped the Calvin cycle, the pathway of carbon fixation in photosynthesis.
Nobel Prize (1961) for tracing how plants convert CO₂ into sugars.
Melvin Calvin
43
Her X-ray diffraction images of DNA (Photo 51) were crucial in determining its double-helix structure.
Also contributed to understanding the structure of viruses and coal.
Rosalind Franklin
44
Conducted the Miller-Urey experiment (1952), simulating early Earth conditions to produce amino acids, supporting abiogenesis (life from non-life).
Stanley Miller (1930–2007) & Harold Urey (1893–1981)
45
Invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), revolutionizing DNA analysis.
Nobel Prize (1993) for enabling genetic research and diagnostics.
Kary Mullis
46
Developed CRISPR-Cas9, a gene-editing tool based on bacterial immune systems.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2020).
Jennifer Doudna (1964–) & Emmanuelle Charpentier (1968–)
47
Of the 118 known elements today, only 4 elements constitute about 98% of living matter.
carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O),
About 98% of the mass of every living organism is actually composed of six elements: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S).
48
Energy storage (starch, glycogen), structural support (cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi/insects) Dietary energy.
MONOSACCHARIDES
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOS
DISACCHARIDES
LACTOSE
SUCROS
POLYSACCHARIDES
STARCH
CELLULOSE
CARBOHYDRATES
49
Store and transmit genetic information (DNA), protein synthesis (RNA).
Information storage and Genetic make-up.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
50
Enzymes (lactase), structural support (collagen), transport (hemoglobin), signaling (hormones), immune defense (antibodies).
Storage, contraction, transport, etc.
PROTEINS
51
Long-term Energy storage, cell membranes (phospholipids), signaling (steroids like cholesterol).
LIPIDS
fats (triglycerides)
steroids (testosterone, estrogen)
Hydrophobic
Non-polar
52
No nucleus: Genetic material (DNA) is free-floating in the cytoplasm (in a region called the nucleoid).
No membrane-bound organelles: Lack mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc.
Simpler and smaller (~1–5 μm): Typically found in single-celled organisms.
Cell wall present: Made of peptidoglycan (in bacteria) or other materials (in archaea).
Reproduction: Mostly asexual (binary fission).
Like BACTERIA & ARCHAEBACTERIA
have their DNA located in a region called the NUCLEOID
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
53
True nucleus: DNA is enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
Membrane-bound organelles: Includes mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc.
Larger and more complex (~10–100 μm): Can exist as single-celled or multicellular organisms.
Cell wall (optional): Present in plants (cellulose), fungi (chitin), but absent in animal cells.
Reproduction: Both asexual (mitosis) and sexual (meiosis).
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
54
CELLULAR PARTS
55
It function as SELECTIVE BARRIER (Semipermeable)
It control the passage of nutrients and waste.
Boundary between the inside of the cell and its external environment.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
56
It contains most of the genes (DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid) in the eukaryotic cell (command center of the cell).
LARGEST ORGANELLE IN AN ANIMAL CELL
GENETIC LIBRARY OF THE CELL
THE NUCLEUS
57
It is a jelly like fluid.
It is where organelles are located.
It composed of water, salts, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and other chemicals.
CYTOPLASM (cytosol)
58
It carry out PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (protein factories)
Protein factories in the cell.
RIBOSOMES
59
It is a biosynthetic factory.
Is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
It is a folded membranes that serves as channels through which materials are transported in the cell.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
60
It is the shipping and receiving.
It manufacture, process, and pacjage of certain macromolecules.
It is the packaging factories of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
61
It is the chemical energy conversion.
POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
It converts food molecules into energy (ATP) through CELLULAR RESPIRATION.
MITOCHONDRIA
62
It is the process that release energy from food.
Its waste product are water and carbon dioxide.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
63
It is also known as ATP
It is the energy currency of the cell.
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
64
It is known as digestive compartments: Garbage collector.
Is a membranous sac of strong hydrolytic enzymes.
Digest bacteria , other foreign substances, and worn out cell parts.
LYSOSOMES
65
It capture the light energy.
It contain CHLOROPYLL (Green pigment)
It can be found in plant but not in animals.
It is the site of photosynthesis.
CHLOROPLASTS
66
It is the entire process of capturing light energy to produce food - energy rich organic molecules (plants, algae, and other chlorophyll-bearing organisms) from carbon dioxide.
It needs: Sunlight, Water, and Carbon dioxide.
Waste product: Oxygen
End product: Sugar (Glucose)
PHOTOSYTHESIS
67
It is located outside the cell membrane, protective layer of the cell.
Plant cell wall: made of CELLULOSE
Fungal cell wall: Made up of CHITIN.
CELL WALL
68
It is found in plants.
It hold reserves of important organic compound and water.
Can take up to 30% - 90% of cell's volume.
CENTRAL VACUOLES
69
It is the mechanical support, network of fibers.
CYTOSKELETON
70
It is the thin structures essential for cytokinesis, amoeboid movement and changes in cell shapes.
MICROFILAMENTS (Actin filaments)
71
It is tiny, hair-like structure that extend from the surface of many eukaryotic cells.
They are primarily used for movement, either to propel the cell itself or to move fluids and particles along the cell's surface
CILIUM / CILIA
72
is a whip-like structure that allows cells to move by propelling them through a liquid environment. It's found in various organisms, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
FLAGELLUM
73
CELLULAR TRANSPORT
74
It is the diffusion of a substance across a membrane with NO ENERGY INVESTMENT
CO2, H2O, and O2 easily diffuse across plasma membrane.
Move from HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION (concentration gradient)
It can be diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
75
It is the tendency for molecules of any substance to SPREAD OUT EVENLY into the available space.
DIFFUSION
76
It is a type of passive transport aided by transport proteins.
Transport proteins speed the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane.
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
77
It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane (diffusion of water)
It is affected by the concentration gradient of dissolved substances called the solution's tonicity.
OSMOSIS
78
The concentration of solutes outside the cell is LOWER than the inside the cell.
WATER COMES INSIDE THE CELL.
CLUE: Turgid (turgur pressure - the pressure exerting on the plasma membrane against the cell wall) SWELL, BURST, LYSED .
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
79
The concentration of solutes outside the cell is the same as it is inside the cell.
THERE WILL BE NO NET MOVEMENT OF THE WATER.
ISOTONIC SOLUTION
80
the concentration of the solutes outside the cell is greater than the inside the cell.
WATER GOES OUTSIDE THE CELL
clue: PLASMOLYSIS, SHRINK, SHIVEL, DEHYDRATED.
=
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
81
It uses energy to move solutes against their concentration gradients.
It requires energy, usually in the form of ATP.
Examples; ion pumps, cotransport, bulk transport (exocytosis, endocytosis)
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
82
TAXONOMY
83
What is the 8 levels of Taxonomic classification.
Dear King Philip Come Over for Good Spaghetti
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
84
He is the Father of modern Taxonomy.
Proposed the binomial nomenclature.
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
85
It is a NOT LIVING, INERT CHEMICALS.
It has CAPID - protein shell that protects the virus' DNA / RNA.
VIRUS
86
KINGDOM ARCAHE
87
They live in various places, some even in the most SEVER ENVIRONMENTS.
METHANOGENS, HALOPHILES, and THERMOPHILES are examples of this kingdom.
KINDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
88
DOMAIN BACTERIA
89
They are referred to as the true bacteria and are usually called ''BACTERIA'' group.
Ex. Streptococcus
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA (Monera)
90
DOMAIN EUKARYA
91
Protozoans, diatoms, various types of algae (green, golden, brown, red algae)
Ex. Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis)
KINGDOM PROTISTA
92
It is all are HETEROTROPHIC
Fungi, molds, mushrooms, yeasts, microsporidia.
KINGDOM FUNGI
93
It consist of two major groups, the INVERTEBRATES (lack of backnone) & VERTEBRATEs (has backbone).
All are heterotrophic or consumer (it means cannot produce their own food)
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
94
Pore-bearing, simplest animal; body of calcium carbonate.
Ex. Sponges
PORIFERA (Phylum Porifera)
95
Have stinging cell (nematocyst)
Ex. jellyfish, coral, hydra
CNIDARIA (Phylum Cynidaria)
96
jointed legs; segmented bodies.
Arthropoda (phylum arthropoda)
97
a small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings.
Ex: Mosquito and butterflies
INSECTS
98
an arthropod of the large, mainly aquatic group Crustacea, such as a crab, lobster, shrimp, or barnacle.
CRUSTACEANS
99
It have eight legs, and unlike insects, they don't have antennae. The bodies of arachnids are divided into two sections, the cephalothorax in front and the abdomen behind.
Arachnid
100
an arthropod of a group that includes the centipedes, millipedes, and related animals. Myriapods have elongated bodies with numerous leg-bearing segments.
Myriapoda
101
Insects that shed off their old cuticle to grow in size.
MOLTING OR ECDYSIS
102
iT commonly known as roundworm; unsegmented, cylindrical worms that lack a distinct head or tail.
these are characterized by their pseudocoelom, a body cavity, and their complete digestive system with a separate mouth and anus.
Ex. pinworm, ascaris, hookworm, filarial worm.
NEMATODA
103
flatworms; worms have soft tissues; unsegmented.
Ex. flukes, tapeworms, planaria.
PLATYHELMINTHES
104
It is a segmented worms.
Ex. Leech, earthworms
ANNELIDA (PHYLUM ANNELIDA)
105
With soft bodies (usually with shells)
Ex. squids, clams, snails, octopi
MOLLUSCA
106
It has spiny body
Ex. sea star, sea urchin, sand dollars, sea cucumber, brittle star.
ECHINODERMATA
107
It consists of animals with a flexible rod supporting their dorsal or back sides.
CHORDATA
108
Types of Chordata
109
It has scales, gills, and fins; shark, lampreys.
FISH (Pisces)
110
Part of their life cycle in water; frogs, caecilians, salamanders.
AMPHIBIANS (Amphibia)
111
eggs, scaly bodies; crocodile, snake
REPTILES (Reptilia)
112
It has 2 scaly legs, wings, feathers; penguin, ostrich, duck.
BIRDS (Aves)
113
It has mammary glands, hairs, milk: human, platypus, marsupials.
MAMMALS
114
It is a semiaquatic, egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia
PLATYPUS
115
Marine mammals that have a long ivory tusks and lives in arctic environment.
WALRUS
116
they are autothropic or producer (it means they can make their own food).
It consist of two big groups; those which do not have tissues to transport water and food (NONVASCULAR) and those that have this transport systems (VASCULAR).
KINGDOM PLANTAE
117
No vascular or conducting tissues.
It found in moist places
Ex. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts.
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
118
It can be seedless plants and seed plants.
VASCULAR PLANTS
119
It is a seed vascular plants that are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.
It is most abundant and widely distributed plants.
MONOCOT & DICOT
ANGIOSPERMS
120
any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule.
The seeds of IT (literally, “naked seeds”) are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity.
They are found in colder regions where snowfall occurs.
They develop needle-like leaves.
They are perennial or woody, forming trees or bushes.
GYMNOSPERMS
121
a vital plant tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant,
cONDUCT MOST OF THE WATER
XYLEM
122
a vital vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting the products of photosynthesis.
DISTRIBUTES SUGARS, amino acids, and other organic products.
PHLOEM
123
Including club mosses
Including ferns
Including whisk ferns
Including horsetail
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
124
it is the reproductive organ of flowering plant.
FLOWER
125
It is a process to transfer pollen grains from the anther (male part of flower) to the stigma (female part) of the flower.
POLLINATION
126
process of pollination from one plant to the other plant.
CROSS POLLINATION
127
It is a pollination process from the same flower.
SELF-POLLINATION
128
It is collectively called the CALYX; protect the flower bud before it opens.
SEPALS
129
It is collectively called COROLLA; It often attract a particular pollinator.
PETALS
130
It is a male part of flower.
STAMEN
131
It is a SACLIKE CONTAINER.
It produces and contains pollen. It's located at the tip of the filament, a stalk-like structure.
ANTHER
132
is the male reproductive cell, and its release from the anther is crucial for pollination and fertilization.
It develop from microspores produced in the anther.
Pollen
133
It is a slender talk.
a thin, thread-like stalk that supports the anther,
FILAMENT
134
is a female reproductive structure in flowering plants, also known as the pistil, which includes the ovary, style, and stigma.
CARPEL
The stigma, style, and ovary are three key parts of the pistil, the female reproductive organ of a flower. The stigma is the sticky surface at the top of the pistil where pollen is deposited. The style is a long, slender stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary. The ovary is the basal part of the pistil that contains the ovules, which will develop into seeds after fertilization.
135
OVULE becomes the SEED
OVARY becomes the FRUIT
FRUIT is the instrumental in the distribution of seeds
136
FOUR GROUPS OF LIVING GYMNOSPERMS
137
These are the most widespread gymnosperms, with many familiar examples like pines, spruces, firs, and redwoods. They are characterized by their needle-like or scale-like leaves and cones, which house their reproductive structures
CONIFERS
138
These are palmlike plants with large cones, and they are typically found in tropical regions. They are an ancient group of gymnosperms, with some species living for thousands of years.
CYCADS
139
This group is represented by a single species, Ginkgo biloba. They are known for their fan-shaped leaves and are often referred to as "living fossils".
GINKGOES
140
This is a relatively small group of gymnosperms that includes plants like Welwitschia Mirabilis and Ephedra. Some gnetophytes have features that are similar to those of angiosperms (flowering plants), suggesting they may be evolutionary links between gymnosperms and angiosperms.
GNETOPHYTES
141
PLANT REPRODUCTIONS: ASEXUAL REPRODUCTIONS
142
vegetative reproduction
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
143
it has HORIZONTAL STEMS, new roots and shoots develop at the node. Also known as STOLON.
Ex. Strawberry, bermuda grass and bamboo grass.
RUNNERS
144
UNDERGROUND STEMS that store food for the plant, the ''EYES'' ARE THE STEM'S NODES AND EACH TYPE contains a cluster of buds.
Ex. Potato
TUBERS
145
They grow as HORIZONTAL UNDERGROUND STEM from the plan to plant.
Some of it are compressed and fleshy.
Ex. Ginger
RHIZOMES
146
It is shortened, compressed UNDERGROUND STEMS surrounded by fleshy scales (leaves) that develop a central bud at the tip of the stem.
Ex. Onion, Garclic
BULBS
147
Another kind of UNDERGROUND STEM, are shaped like bulbs, do not contain fleshy scale, solid, swollen stem with dry, scale-like leaves.
Ex. Taro (Colocasia)
CORMS
148
ANIMAL REPRODUCTION: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
149
EARTHWORM
During copulation, ONW WORM PASSES ITS SPERMS INTO THE SEMINAL VESICLE OF ANOTHER, at the same time receives sperms into its own receptacle.
150
Both male and female organs are found in the same worm.
HERMAPHRODITIC
151
An earthworm that contains egg.
CITELLUM
152
The eggs are fertilized in the water.,
FROG
153
the rooster (male0 places the opening of his reproductive organ against the opening of the hen's (female).
The hen frops the fertilized egg (surrounded by yolk) out of her body and incubates it)
CHICKEN
154
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN OTHER ORGANISMS.
155
The parent organisms produces offspring by growing a replica in the form of an outgrowth called bud.
Ex. Hydra, Sponges, Yeats
BUDDING
156
It is a separated pieces of the PARENT ORGANISM CAN DEVELOP INTO AN INDIVIDUAL.
Ex. Sea star, Flatworms
FRAGMENTATION
157
In bacteria
BINARY FISSION
158
HUMAN SYSTEMS
159
Physical digestion: mouth and stomach.
DIGESTIVE SYSTME
160
It is a wave-like muscle contractions that move food.
PERISTALSIS
161
breakdown of large food molecules by enzymes
CHEMICAL DIGESTIONS
162
Throat
Pharynx
163
It is where the PERITALSIS OCCUERS
ESOPHAGUS
164
Chyme (mixed food and gAstric juices)
STOMACH
165
Final place of difestion
small intestine
166
colon, water absorption, production of Vit. K,ends rectum.
LARGE INTESTINE
167
passageway in defection
ANUS
168
ACCESSORY ORGANS
Salivary Glands
Liver - largest internal organ in the body, creates bile (emulsification of fats)
Gall bladder - stores the bile
Pancreas - secrete pancreatic amylase for final digestion of starct: secrete insulin - blood sugar regulation.
169
It transport blood from the heart to the lungs to Oxygenate blood then to other parts of the body.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
170
blood back to the heart
vein
171
blood away to heart
ARTERY
172
pumps blood
heart
173
It contains of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Platelets), plasma.
BLOOD
174
It is red because of hemoglobin.
Red Blood Cell (RBC) (red corpuscles)
175
PROTEIN found in hte plasma is responsible for blood clotting.
FIBRINOGEN
176
VITAMIN needed for BLOOD CLOTTING
VITAMIN K
177
MINERAL needed for blood clotting
CALCIUM
178
vitamin needed for RBC production
VITAMIN B12
179
It supplies body with oxygen and release CO2
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
180
Inhale, takes oxygen in.
INSPIRATION
181
EXHALE, releases CO2 out
EXPIRATION
182
warms and moisten air, traps dirt
NOSE
183
Passageway for both air and food.
PHARYNX (THROAT)
184
It prevents the entrance of food to trachea.
EPIGLOTTIS
185
It is the VOICE BOX.
Vocal cords are found inside it.
Adam's apple in makes
LARYNX
186
Windpipe
cartilaginous, traps and sweeps out dirt through cilia.
TRACHEA
187
the main organ of respiratory system.
LUNGS
188
dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs.
It contracts if inhale.
It relaxes if exhale.
DIAPHRAGM
189
It REGULATES body temperature, metabolism, development, homeostasis through hormones.
Regulates other organ
Ex. Pancreas releases insulin.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
190
is a biological system responsible for producing gametes (sperm and eggs), enabling fertilization, and supporting the development of offspring.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
191
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
192
Produce sperm and testosterone.
TESTES
193
Stores and matures sperm.
EPIDIDYMIS
194
Transports sperm to the urethra.
VAS DEFERENS
195
also called seminal glands, produce most of the fluid that makes up semen
SEMIAL VISICLES
196
a walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system located below the bladder and surrounding the urethra. Its primary function is to produce fluid that, along with sperm and fluids from other glands, makes up semen.
PROSTATE GLAND
197
also known as Cowper's glands, are small, paired exocrine glands in the male reproductive system. Their primary function is to produce a mucus-like fluid, often referred to as pre-ejaculate or Cowper's fluid, which lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acidic urine residue.
Bulbourethral Glands
198
Conducts sperm and urine (not simultaneously).
URETHRA
199
Delivers sperm into the vagina during intercourse.
PENIS
200
(from testes) – Promotes sperm production, male secondary sex characteristics.
TESTOSTERONE
201
(from pituitary) – Regulate sperm and testosterone production.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone
202
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
203
Produce eggs and hormones (estrogen, progesterone).
OVARIES
204
Site of fertilization; transports egg to uterus.
FALLOPIAN TUBES (OVIDUCTS)
205
Houses and nourishes a developing fetus (endometrium lining).
UTERUS
206
Connects uterus to vagina; dilates during childbirth.
CERVIX
207
Birth canal; receives sperm during intercourse.
VAGINA
208
prepares the uterus for pregnancy and influences the development of secondary sexual characteristics,
ESTROGEN
209
supports pregnancy and regulates the menstrual cycle.
PROGESTERONE
210
the 'lips' or folds of skin on the outside of the vulva (female genitals). Your labia protect the clitoris, vagina and urethra.
LABIA
211
It is the union of sex cells (gametes)
FERTILIZATION
212
Union of sperm and egg.
GAMETES
213
a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum
ZYGOTE
214
