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Lower Extremity Anatomy > LEA Plantar Foot Part 1 > Flashcards

LEA Plantar Foot Part 1 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

1st ray

A

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

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2
Q

2nd ray

A

intermediate cuneiform and 2nd metatarsal

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3
Q

3rd ray

A

lateral cuneiform and 3rd metatarsal

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4
Q

4th ray

A

4th metatarsal

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5
Q

5th ray

A

5th metatarsal

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6
Q

Plantar Aspect of the foot

A
  • thick skin

- thick layer of subcutaneous fat

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7
Q

there is a thick layer of subcutaneous at especially where

A

the MTP joints and calcaneus

supported by septa

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8
Q

the central band

A

Thickest, toughest part of fascia

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9
Q

Proximal attachment of central band

A

Posterior calcaneal tuberosity

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10
Q

distal attachment of the central band

A

-Divides into 5 bands near the metatarsal bases (one for each metatarsal)

at the met heads, divide into superficial and deep layers

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11
Q

superficial layer of central band attaches

A

to dermis of skin

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12
Q

longitudinal fibers of the superficial central band

A

attach to skin in the sulcus between toes and metatarsals

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13
Q

transverse fibers of the superficial central band

A

connect the digital bands together at the level of the MTP joints

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14
Q

Forms superficial transverse metatarsal ligament

A

Superficial layer of central band

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15
Q

Deep layer of central band splits into

A

medial and lateral slips that attach to bone and blend with the flexor sheaths

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16
Q

the deep layer of the central band divides into medial and lateral slips that attach to

A
  • Medial and lateral base of proximal phalanges of corresponding digit
  • (The 1st medial slip attaches to the sesamoid bones at the 1st MTP joint )
  • Plantar MTP joint ligaments, plantar plate
  • Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
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17
Q

Plantar aponeurosis is important in

A

the windlass mechanism

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18
Q

Windlass Mechanism: (1)

A

The plantar fascia simulates a cable attached to the calcaneus and the metatarsophalangeal joints

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19
Q

Windlass Mechanism 2: Dorsiflexion during the propulsive phase of gait

A

winds the plantar fascia around the head of the metatarsal.

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20
Q

Windlass Mechanism 3: The winding of the plantar fascia

A

shortens the distance between the calcaneus and metatarsals to elevate the medial longitudinal arch.

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21
Q

Windlass Mechanism 4: The ___ is the essence of the windlass mechanism principle.

A

plantar fascia shortening that results from hallux dorsiflexion

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22
Q

Plantar fasciitis:

A

inflammation of the central band at its attachment to medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

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23
Q

Layer 1

A
  • Abductor hallucis
  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
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24
Q

Layer 2

A
  • Quadratus plantae (flexor accessories)
  • Lumbricals (4 of them)
  • Flexor digitorum longus tendon
  • Flexor hallucis longus tendon
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25
Layer 3
-Adductor hallucis (Transverse and oblique heads) -Flexor hallucis brevis -Flexor digiti minimi brevis
26
Layer 4
- Plantar interossei (3 of them) - Dorsal interossei (4 of them) - Tibialis posterior tendon - Fibularis longus tendon
27
The muscles of ___ are located in the forefoot
layers 3 and 4
28
The lateral plantar artery/vein/nerve pass between
layers 1 and 2.
29
The medial plantar artery/vein/nerve pass within
layer 1, between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis. (deep to abductor hallucis) [Some also say between layers 1 and 2]
30
The arteries are located ___ of the nerves.
outside
31
Lateral plantar artery is lateral to the
lateral plantar nerve
32
Medial plantar artery is medial to the
medial plantar nerve.
33
_ plantar compartments
9
34
medial muscular compartment is formed by
plantar aponeurosis, medial intermuscular septum, 1st metatarsal
35
Lateral Muscular Compartment formed by
plantar aponeurosis, lateral intermuscular septum, 5th metatarsal
36
Central Muscular compartment formed by
both intermuscular septa, plantar aponeurosis, and inferior interosseous fascia
37
medial muscular compartment contains
abductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis, FHL tendon, medial plantar nerve/artery
38
lateral muscular compartment contains
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, lateral plantar nerve/artery
39
Subdivisions of central compartment are separated by
fascial layers
40
Superficial central compartment
FDB lumbricals, tendon of FDL
41
Deep central (adductor) compartment
found in the forefoot; | Adductor hallucis
42
Calcaneal (deep hindfoot) compartment
QP muscle, | lateral plantar nerve and artery
43
4 Interosseous compartments
dorsal and plantar interossei (4 separate compartments)
44
Dorsal compartment:
extensor muscles tendons
45
Medial intermuscular septum attaches from
calcaneus to 1st met head
46
Lateral intermuscular septum attaches from head
calcaneus to the 5th met
47
first layer has __ muscles
3, Abductor Hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi (quinti)
48
Abductor hallucis-Visible/ palpable
- on medial side of foot | - Forms boundary for porta pedis
49
Abductor hallucis origin
medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, plantar fascia and intermuscular septum
50
Abductor hallucis insertion
medial tubercle base of proximal phalanx of hallux, | medial sesamoid
51
Abductor hallucis blood and nerve supply
medial plantar artery and nerve
52
Abductor hallucis function
abducts hallux, also flexes (plantarflexes) hallux
53
Flexor digitorum brevis origin
medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septum
54
Flexor digitorum brevis insertion
planter aspect of the bases of middle phalanges 2-5 - Tendons are plantar to the FDL tendons - Split to allow them to pass
55
Flexor digitorum brevis blood and nerve supply
medial plantar artery and nerve
56
Flexor digitorum brevis fxn
flex digits 2-5 (PIP and MTP joints)
57
Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) origin
medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septum
58
Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) insertion
lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
59
Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) blood and nerve supply
lateral plantar artery and nerve | inferior calcaneal nerve; “Baxters nerve”
60
Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) function
abduct 5th toe, | flexes (plantarflexes) 5th toe

Lower Extremity Anatomy (16 decks)

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