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Lower Extremity Anatomy > LEA Plantar Foot Part 2 > Flashcards

LEA Plantar Foot Part 2 Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

2nd Layer

A
  • 5 muscles (4 lumbricals, quadratus plantae)

- 2 tendons (FDL and FHL); All muscles attach to FDL

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2
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius)

A
  • Deep to FDB,

- 2 heads (origins)

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3
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) origin

A

Medial head: medial surface of calcaneus

Lateral head: trigonum plantare and inferior calcaneus distal to lateral tubercle

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4
Q

Quadratus plantae 2 heads origins are separated by

A

long plantar ligament

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5
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) insertion

A

heads unite to insert onto the FDL tendon

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6
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) blood supply

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries

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7
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) nerve

A

lateral plantar nerve

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8
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) function

A

redirects line of pull of FDL, assist in flexing phalanges

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9
Q

Lumbricals (Lumbricale Muscles)

A

1 is unipennate; 2,3,4 are bipennate

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10
Q

Lumbricals origin

A
  • 1st lumbrical: medial side of 1st tendon of FDL (tendon going to 2nd digit)
  • 2 – 4: adjacent tendons

(e.g. 3rd lumbrical: medial side of 3rd FDL tendon, lateral side of 2nd FDL tendon; 2nd lumbrical medial side of 2 FDL tendon, lateral side of 1 FDL Tendon)

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11
Q

lumbricals Tendons pass distally plantar to the

A

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

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12
Q

Lumbricals insertion

A
  • medial aspect of extensor wing of the extensor expansion at base of proximal phalanx of digits 2-5
  • (1st lumbrical goes to 2nd digit, 2nd lumbrical to 3rd digit)
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13
Q

Lumbricals blood

A

respective plantar metatarsal arteries

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14
Q

Lumbricals nerve

A

1st – medial plantar nerve

2-4 – deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

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15
Q

lumbricals function

A

flex MTP joints, extend PIP and DIP joints

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16
Q

3rd layer

A

3 muscles (FHB, FDMB, ADD Hallucis)

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17
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis 2 heads

A

medial and lateral

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18
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis origin

A
  • lateral: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

- medial: tibialis posterior tendon

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19
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis insertion

A

medial and lateral base of proximal phalanx

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20
Q

Respective heads of FHB invest ___ before phalangeal insertion

A

respective hallux sesamoid bones

-Medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular)

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21
Q

Sesamoids

A
  • increase the mechanical advantage of the FHB

- Weight-bearing structures and decrease friction

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22
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis blood supply

A

1st plantar metatarsal artery

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23
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis nerve

A

medial plantar nerve

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24
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis function

A

flex (plantarflex) hallux MTP joint

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25
Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin
base of the 5th metatarsal, tendon sheath of fibulas longus
26
Flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion
plantar/lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
27
Flexor digiti minimi brevis bloody supply
lateral plantar artery
28
Flexor digiti minimi brevis nerve
superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
29
Flexor digiti minimi brevis function
flex (plantarflex) 5th digit at MTP joint
30
adductor hallucis 2 heads
transverse and oblique
31
adductor hallucis origin
- transverse head: fibrous capsule, plantar plates of digits 3-5, deep transverse metatarsal ligament - oblique head: plantar aspect of metatarsal bases 2-4; fibularis longus tendon sheath
32
adductor hallucis insertion
lateral sesamoid and lateral aspect of proximal phalanx base of 1st digit
33
adductor hallucis blood supply
plantar metatarsal arteries
34
adductor hallucis nerve
deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
35
adductor hallucis function
adducts hallux
36
opponens digiti minimi origin
base of 5th metatarsal, long plantar ligament, FDMB
37
opponens digiti minimi insertion
lateral shaft of 5th metatarsal and surrounding fascia
38
opponens digiti minimi function
abduction and flexion of the 5th toe
39
4th layer
2 muscle groups (dorsal and plantar interossei)
40
4th layer is located within the
metatarsal spaces
41
4th layer muscles are not associated with the
hallux
42
4th layer muscle tendons pass dorsal to the
deep transverse metatarsal ligament
43
_ plantar interossei and _ dorsal interossei
3, 4
44
plantar interossei
adduct digits
45
dorsal interossei
abduct digits
46
2 tendons of the 4th layer
tibialis posterior, fibularis longus
47
Plantar Interossei Muscles
- 3 in number, associated with digits 3,4,5 | - Unipennate muscles
48
Plantar Interossei Muscles origin
base and medial aspect of shafts of metatarsals 3, 4, 5
49
Plantar Interossei Muscles insertion
medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion (sling of the extensor expansion) of same digit
50
Plantar Interossei Muscles blood supply
plantar metatarsal arteries 2-4
51
Plantar Interossei Muscles nerve
- lateral plantar nerve - Deep branch innervates 1st and 2nd plantar interossei - Superficial branch innervates 3rd plantar interossei
52
Plantar Interossei Muscles function
- adduct digits 3-5 toward foot midline | - Flex (plantarflex) 3-5 MTP joint, extend (dorsiflex) IP joints of digits 3-5
53
Dorsal Interossei
- 4 in number, associated with digits 2-4 - Digit 2 has 2 dorsal interossei muscles inserting - Bipennate muscles located within the intermetatarsal space
54
Dorsal Interossei origin
adjacent metatarsal shafts | 1st dorsal interossei originates lateral aspect of 1st metatarsal shaft and medial aspect of 2nd metatarsal shaft)
55
Dorsal Interossei insertion
1st dorsal interossei: medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion (sling) of 2nd digit 2nd – 4th dorsal interossei: lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion (sling) of corresponding digit
56
Dorsal Interossei blood supply
corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery
57
Dorsal Interossei nerve
- lateral plantar nerve - deep branch of lateral plantar nerve innervates 1st – 3rd - superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve innervates 4th - 1st and 2nd also receives innervation from deep fibular nerve
58
Dorsal Interossei function
- abducts digits 2-4 | - Flex (plantarflex) MTP joints; extend (dorsiflex) IP joints
59
1st Intermetatarsal space
1st dorsal interosseous
60
2nd Intermetatarsal space
2nd dorsal, 1st plantar
61
3rd Intermetatarsal space
3rd dorsal, 2nd plantar
62
4th Intermetatarsal space
4th dorsal, 3rd plantar
63
___ keeps the tendons anchored to the bone
A fibrous flexor sheath
64
FHL, FDB and FDL are surrounded by a synovial sheath to
reduce friction
65
Extensor Expansion
A tendinofibroaponeurotic structure that is involved in the extensor function of the digits
66
Extensor Expansion formed by
- Extrinsic muscles: EDL and EHL - Intrinsic muscles: EDB, lumbricals, interossei - Stabilizing ligaments: sling and wing, triangular lamina
67
EDB joins the
EDL tendon
68
can form lateral slip instead of EDL
EDB tendons
69
EHB attaches to base of
proximal phalanx
70
Lumbrical tendons pass _ to deep transverse metatarsal ligament
plantar
71
Lumbrical tendons insert into wing which allows them to
flex the MTP joint and extend IP joints
72
Lumbrical tendons can form
medial slip
73
Interosseous tendons pass __ to deep transverse metatarsal ligament
dorsal
74
Interosseous tendons insert into base of
proximal phalanx at the tubercle
75
Interosseous tendons insert into extensor apparatus at
the sling
76
Sling
- Proximally located - Transversely oriented fibers pass around the - MTP joint and attach the plantar plate, and deep transverse metatarsal ligament - Interossei insert into the sling - Anchors EDL allowing it to extend all of the digit
77
Wing
- Distal portion of extensor expansion - Fibers are oriented obliquely (triangular shaped), located at the proximal phalanx - Lumbricals insert into the medial side of the wing
78
EDL Tendons forms at ___ of extensor expansion
central axis
79
FDL tendons stabilized by
the sling at the MTP joint
80
the EDL tendons divide into 3 slips (trifurcates) at
the MTP joint (some say proximal phalanx)
81
2 slips of EDL tendon: medial and lateral
Extend over dorsum of middle phalanx | Insert into base of distal phalanx as a terminal tendon
82
1 middle (central) slip of EDL tendon
Inserts into base of middle phalanx
83
Triangular Lamina is found
between lateral slips of the EDL
84
Triangular Lamina function
is unknown but believed to anchor medial and lateral slips (keeps them from sliding plantar ward)

Lower Extremity Anatomy (16 decks)

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