LEA Posterior Leg 2 Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
deep transverse inter muscular septum of the leg separates
A
deep and superficial
2
Q
popliteus muscles is partially
A
intracapsular and extracapsular
3
Q
the popliteus is covered by
A
fascia derived from semimembranous
4
Q
origin of the popliteus
A
lateral femoral condyle (popliteal groove) and posterior aspect of lateral meniscus
5
Q
insertion of the popliteus
A
posterior aspect of the proximal tibia,
superior to soleal line
6
Q
innervation of the popliteus muscle
A
tibial nerve
7
Q
blood supply of the popliteus
A
posterior tibial and medial inferior genicular
8
Q
function of the popliteus
A
unlocks the knee by lateral rotating femur
OR medial rotating the tibia on femur
9
Q
the most lateral muscle in the deep posterior compartment
A
flexor hallucis longus
10
Q
origin of the flexor hallucis longus
A
- inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula
- intermuscular septum
- deep fascia
11
Q
insertion flexor hallucis longus
A
plantar aspect of base of distal phalanx of hallux
12
Q
innervation of the flexor hallucis longus
A
tibial nerve
13
Q
path of the flexor halluci longus
A
- Passes through groove on posterior tibia and talus.
- Passes inferior to sustentaculum tali, through the flexor retinaculum
- Passes between the fibular and tibial sesamoids
- insert on the plantar aspect of the base of distal phalanx of the hallux
14
Q
blood supply of the flexor hallucis longus
A
posterior tibial and fibular arteries
15
Q
function of the flexor hallucis longus
A
- flex (plantar flex) hallux at interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint.
- can help plantarflex and invert foot
16
Q
the flexor hallucis longus is important in
A
push off during gait.
17
Q
what is the most medial muscle of the deep compartment
A
flexor digitorum longus
18
Q
where is the flexor digitorum longus tendon palpable
A
around the medial malleolus
19
Q
the origin of the flexor digitorum longus
A
posterior tibia,
inferior to soleal line
20
Q
the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus
A
plantar aspect of the bases of distal phalanges, digits 2-5
21
Q
the path of the flexor digitorum longus
A
- Through tibial groove
- Medial to sustentaculum tali, through the flexor retinaculum
- Passes to plantar foot where it splits into 4 slips at the area of cuneiforms
- Slips pass along plantar surface of lesser metatarsals and phalanges to insertion.
22
Q
the innervation of the Flexor digitorum longus
A
tibial nerve
23
Q
blood supply of the Flexor digitorum longus
A
posterior tibial artery
24
Q
function of the Flexor digitorum longus
A
flex(plantarflex) digits, distal and proximal interphalangeal joints, and MTPs; help with ankle plantarflexion
25
FDL tendon crosses __ to the FHL tendon in the sole of the foot
superficial
26
master knot of henry
connective tissue connection between the FHL and FDL
27
in the master knot of henry, which muscle tendon is dorsal (superior) and which is plantar (inferior)
FHL- dorsal
| FDL- plantar
28
the master knot of henry is inferior to
the navicular tuberosity
29
deepest muscle of the deep posterior compartment
Tibialis Posterior
30
where is Tibialis Posterior tendon palpable
medial malleolus
31
origin of the Tibialis Posterior
- posterior tibia inferior to soleal line
- posterior aspect of fibula, anterior to medial crest
- interosseous membrane
32
insertion of tibialis posterior
- navicular tuberosity
- plantar aspect of all cuneiforms
- base of metatarsals 2-4
- (Can also insert into plantar aspect of cuboid and 1st,5th metatarsal bases (all tarsals except for talus))
33
path of the tibialis posterior
- Posterior to tibia in a groove with FDL
- inferior to medial malleolus, through the flexor retinaculum
- Passes superior to sustentaculum tali
34
innervation of the tibialis posterior
tibial nerve
35
blood supply of the tibialis posterior
posterior tibial and fibular arteries
36
function of the tibialis posterior
inverts and adducts the foot (supinate subtalar and midtarsal joints)
37
all proximal sheaths will pass within the
flexor retinaculum
38
the porta pedis is a canal formed by the
abductor hallucis muscle and calcaneus
39
the porta pedis is a passageway for
the medial and lateral plantar arteries, veins, nerves to and from the medial ankle
40
the porta pedis is a potential site of
entrapment
41
posterior leg muscles medial to lateral
FDL, TP, FHL
42
posterior to medial malleolus in tarsal tunnel (medial to lateral)
TP, FDL, FHL
43
Distal to master knot of henry
TP, FHL, FDL (medial to lateral)
44
Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus
accessory muscle found 3-12% of the time
45
FDAL (if present) is a constant of the
tarsal tunnel
46
origin of the FDAL
is variable, tibia or fibula, crural fascia, proximal FDL
47
insertion of FDAL
- FDL tendon around master knot of henry
| - quadratus plantae
48
blood and nerve supply of the FDAL
same as all posterior compartment muscles
49
crowds the tarsal tunnel and can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome and FHL tenosynovitis
the flexor digitorum accessories longus
50
the flexor retinaculum (laminate ligament)
thickening of crural fascia
51
the flexor retinaculum attaches
to distal and posterior medial malleolus and medial calcaneus
52
the flex retinaculum tendons pass through the retinaculum in separate compartments surrounded by
their synovial sheaths
53
the flexor retinaculum anchors
flexor tendons
54
tarsal tunnel is found
- posteromedial ankle,
| - from proximal flexor retinaculum to porta pedis
55
the tarsal tunnel is a passageway between
posterior leg and plantar foot
56
septae of the tarsal tunnel divide into 4 compartments for
1 for neuromuscular bundle, 3 for tendons
57
tendons in the tarsal tunnel are surrounded by
synovial sheaths through compartments
58
boundaries of the tarsal tunnel
Medial: flexor retinaculum (laciniate ligament) and abductor hallucis
Lateral: calcaneus, posterior talotibial and calcaneotibial ligaments
59
content of the tarsal tunnel (anterior to posterior OR Medial to Lateral)
- Tibialis posterior tendon
- Flexor digitorum tendon
- Posterior tibial artery and vein
- Tibial nerve
- Flexor hallucis longus tendon (inferior to sustentaculum tali)
60
what vessels can arise in the tarsal tunnel and even pierce the flexor retinaculum
medial calcaneal nerves and arteries
61
the tibial nerve can branch into
medial and plantar nerves (sometimes in the tarsal tunnel )
62
posterior tibial artery terminal branches
medial/lateral plantar arteries (sometimes branches in the tarsal tunnel)
63
tibial nerve root levels
L4-S3
64
tibial nerve passes deep to
tendinous arch of soleus
65
the tibial nerve innervates
all posterior compartment muscles
66
the tibial nerve gives off
- medial sural cutaneus
- muscular branches
- medial calcaneal branches
- terminal branches: medial and lateral plantar
67
sural nerve is formed by
fibular communicating nerve (branch of common fibular) and the medial sural cutaneous (branch of tibial) nerve joining
68
terminal branches of tibial nerve
medial and lateral plantar nerves
69
which nerve pierces the flexor retinaculum to supply skin in the medial calcaneal region?
medial calcaneal branches of tibial nerve
70
popliteal artery is a continuation of
femoral, deep in popliteal fossa
71
popliteal pulse is difficult to feel but is easier to feel where
easier more superior and medial to midline
72
the artery that supplies the knee joint and surrounding musculature
popliteal
73
popliteal artery passes
into the posterior compartment of the leg, deep through fibrous arch of soleus
74
branches of popliteal artery
- superior lateral genicular
- superior medial genicular
- sural arteries
- middle genicular
- inferior lateral genicular
- inferior medial genicular
- anterior tibial artery
- posterior tibial artery
75
superior lateral genicular
passes deep to biceps femoris
76
superior medial genicular
Passes deep to medial hamstring muscles/adductor magnus above medial femoral condyle
77
sural arteries
Muscular branches to gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
78
middle genicular
Branch of Popliteal artery
Pierces oblique popliteal ligament
Supplies internal knee structures
79
inferior lateral genicular
- Passes deep to gastrocnemius/plantaris,
- superficial to popliteus
- Passes around lateral tibial condyle
80
inferior medial genicular
Follows along superior border of popliteus toward medial tibial condyle
81
terminal branches of popliteal artery
anterior and posterior tibial
82
branches of anterior tibial artery
- posterior tibial recurrent
| - anterior tibial recurrent
83
branches of posterior tibial artery
- circumflex artery
| - fibular artery
84
how does the anterior tibial enter the anterior compartment if it is a branch of popliteal in the posterior compartment
passes through the superior opening of the interosseous membrane
85
posterior tibial recurrent artery
- Branches off anterior tibial artery before entering the anterior compartment
- passes deep to popliteus to join with genicular anastomosis
86
anterior tibial recurrent
- Branches right after passing through superior opening in the interosseous membrane
- Passes superiorly to anastomose with inferior genicular arteries
87
posterior tibial artery is in which compartment
deep posterior
88
circumflex fibular artery
wraps around neck of fibula,
| joins with inf. genicular arteries
89
fibular artery
descends posterior to fibula
90
anterior tibial and posterior tibial vein drain into
popliteal
91
popliteal vein drains into
femoral vein
92
posterior tibial artery is between
FHL and FDL, superficial to TP
93
posterior tibial artery is superficial to
Tibialis Posterior (in deep compartment)
94
posterior tibial artery passes __ to medial malleolus
posterior
95
posterior tibial pulse
between medial malleolus and achilles tendon
96
the posterior tibial artery divides into terminal branches
posterior to medial malleolus (tarsal tunnel)
97
posterior tibial artery branches
- circumflex fibular (sometimes)
- muscular branches
- nutrient artery of tibia (inferior to soleal line)
- fibular artery
- posterior medial malleola
- artery to tarsal canal
- medial plantar artery
- lateral plantar artery
98
terminal branches of posterior tibial artery
medial and lateral plantar
99
fibular (peroneal) artery descends between which muscles
flexor hall longus and tibialis posterior
100
the fibular (peroneal)artery is __ to lateral malleolus
posterior
101
branches of fibular artery
1. muscular branches
2. nutrient artery of fibula
3. perforating branch of fibular
4. fibular communicating artery
5. posterior lateral malleolar arteries
6. lateral calcaneal arteries
102
Fibular communicating artery
Joins with posterior tibial (posterior, very inferior leg)
103
perforating branch of fibular artery passes through
inferior opening in the interosseous membrane ~ 5 cm superior to lateral malleolus
104
nutrient artery of fibula
around mid shaft
105
Perforating branch of fibular (peroneal) artery enters
anterior ankle region
