Learning and memory Flashcards
(18 cards)
Anterograde amnesia describes
a. A loss of all memories occurring before the accident
b. A loss of memories around the time of the accident
c. An inability to form new long term memories
d. A tendency to invent new memories to fill in for lost memories
An inability to form new long term memories
Episodic memory describes specifically
a. memories for facts
b. memories obtained through classical conditioning
c. memories for autobiographical events
d. memories that can be described
memories for autobiographical events
In the “subsequent memory” paradigm employed in neuroimaging and EEG studies
a. Activity during learning is compared between difficult and easy items
b. Activity during learning is compared between the frontal cortex and the temporal cortex
c. Activity during recall is compared between items previously seen versus new items
d. Activity during learning is compared for recalled versus unrecalled items
Activity during learning is compared for recalled versus unrecalled items
Place cells
a. remain in a stable position throughout development
b. fire when the animal occupies a specific position defined by external landmarks
c. fire when the animal moves in a specific direction
d. fire when food is seen in a specific position
fire when the animal occupies a specific position defined by external landmarks
Hebb’s rule states that LTP is characterised as…
a. two neurones that stimulate the same target neurone will form a connection
b. a neurone that is active regularly will produce more neurotransmitter
c. information is contained in the rate of neural firing, by also in the synchronous activity of different neural ensembles
d. the synapse between two cells will be strengthened when both cells are simultaneously active
the synapse between two cells will be strengthened when both cells are simultaneously active
LTP has been demonstrated
a. in vivo
b. in vitro
c. in the hippocampus
d. all of the above
all of the above
NMDA receptors
a. are dopamine receptors
b. control voltage dependent ion channels
c. control neurotransmitter dependent ion channels
d. control voltage and neurotransmitter dependent ion channels
control voltage and neurotransmitter dependent ion channels
The role of LTP in memory formation is demonstrated by
a. mutant mice which show normal hippocampal LTP but impaired learning on the Morris water maze
b. the similarity between LTP and the predictions of Hebb’s law
c. The failure of animals given AP5 to learn in the morris water maze
d. the way rats learn the Morris water maze after a few attempt
The failure of animals given AP5 to learn in the morris water maze
Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?
a. Riding a bike
b. Remembering a historical fact
c. Emotional conditioning
d. Habituation
Remembering a historical fact
Semantic memory refers to:
a. The ability to recall past personal experiences
b. Knowledge about facts and concepts
c. Motor learning through repetitive tasks
d. Memory stored in the hippocampus
Knowledge about facts and concepts
The hippocampus is primarily involved in:
a. Storing long-term memories
b. Processing sensory input
c. Consolidating declarative memories
d. Emotional responses
Consolidating declarative memories
Retrograde amnesia refers to the inability to:
a. Form new memories
b. Recall old memories
c. Recognize faces
d. Retrieve semantic information
recall old memories
What did Henry Molaison (H.M.) retain after his surgery?
a. The ability to form new episodic memories
b. Short-term memory and motor skill learning
c. Long-term memory for all pre-surgery events
d. Emotional conditioning responses
Short-term memory and motor skill learning
Lesions in which brain area impair performance on the Morris water maze?
a. Amygdala
b. Hippocampus
c. Prefrontal cortex
d. Medulla
Hippocampus
The NMDA receptor plays a critical role in LTP by:
a. Blocking calcium influx during depolarization
b. Allowing calcium to enter after depolarization removes a magnesium block
c. Inhibiting the production of AMPA receptors
d. Releasing dopamine to adjacent synapses
Allowing calcium to enter after depolarization removes a magnesium block
Hebbian learning can be summarized by which phrase?
a. “Cells that fire together, wire together.”
b. “Stronger inputs weaken weaker synapses.”
c. “Plasticity is independent of input timing.”
d. “Neurons act independently in circuits.”
“Cells that fire together, wire together.”
Which task demonstrates non-declarative memory?
a. Mirror tracing
b. Recalling a poem
c. Identifying landmarks on a map
d. Retelling a story
Mirror tracing
According to the multi-trace theory (MTT), episodic retrieval:
a. Relies exclusively on cortical structures
b. Depends on activation within the medial temporal lobe
c. Becomes independent of the hippocampus after consolidation
d. Is unaffected by medial temporal lobe damage
Depends on activation within the medial temporal lobe
